Search for a Shared Genetic or Biochemical Basis for Biofilm Tolerance to Antibiotics across Bacterial Species
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Date
2022-04
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology
Abstract
Is there a universal genetically programmed defense providing tolerance to antibiotics when bacteria grow as biofilms? A comparison between biofilms of three different bacterial species by transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches uncovered no evidence of one. Single-species biofilms of three bacterial species (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Acinetobacter baumannii) were grown in vitro for 3 days and then challenged with respective antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, daptomycin, and tigecycline) for an additional 24 h. All three microorganisms displayed reduced susceptibility in biofilms compared to planktonic cultures. Global transcriptomic profiling of gene expression comparing biofilm to planktonic and antibiotic-treated biofilm to untreated biofilm was performed. Extracellular metabolites were measured to characterize the utilization of carbon sources between biofilms, treated biofilms, and planktonic cells. While all three bacteria exhibited a species-specific signature of stationary phase, no conserved gene, gene set, or common functional pathway could be identified that changed consistently across the three microorganisms. Across the three species, glucose consumption was increased in biofilms compared to planktonic cells, and alanine and aspartic acid utilization were decreased in biofilms compared to planktonic cells. The reasons for these changes were not readily apparent in the transcriptomes. No common shift in the utilization pattern of carbon sources was discerned when comparing untreated to antibiotic-exposed biofilms. Overall, our measurements do not support the existence of a common genetic or biochemical basis for biofilm tolerance against antibiotics. Rather, there are likely myriad genes, proteins, and metabolic pathways that influence the physiological state of individual microorganisms in biofilms and contribute to antibiotic tolerance.
Description
Keywords
antibiotic, biofilms, metabolomic, physiology, tolerance, transcriptomic
Citation
Stewart, Philip S., Kerry S. Williamson, Laura Boegli, Timothy Hamerly, Ben White, Liam Scott, Xiao Hu et al. "Search for a Shared Genetic or Biochemical Basis for Biofilm Tolerance to Antibiotics across Bacterial Species." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 66, no. 4 (2022): e00021-22.