Browsing by Author "Miles, Mary P."

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Determinants of the postprandial triglyceride response to a high-fat meal in healthy overweight and obese adults
(Springer Nature, 2021-09) Wilson, Stephanie M.; Maes, Adam P.; Yeoman, Carl J.; Walk, Seth T.; Miles, Mary P.
Background. Dyslipidemia is a feature of impaired metabolic health in conjunction with impaired glucose metabolism and central obesity. However, the contribution of factors to postprandial lipemia in healthy but metabolically at-risk adults is not well understood. We investigated the collective contribution of several physiologic and lifestyle factors to postprandial triglyceride (TG) response to a high-fat meal in healthy, overweight and obese adults. Methods. Overweight and obese adults (n = 35) underwent a high-fat meal challenge with blood sampled at fasting and hourly in the 4-hour postprandial period after a breakfast containing 50 g fat. Incremental area under the curve (iAUC) and postprandial magnitude for TG were calculated and data analyzed using a linear model with physiologic and lifestyle characteristics as explanatory variables. Model reduction was used to assess which explanatory variables contributed most to the postprandial TG response. Results. TG responses to a high-fat meal were variable between individuals, with approximately 57 % of participants exceeded the nonfasting threshold for hypertriglyceridemia. Visceral adiposity was the strongest predictor of TG iAUC (β = 0.53, p = 0.01), followed by aerobic exercise frequency (β = 0.31, p = 0.05), insulin resistance based on HOMA-IR (β = 0.30, p = 0.04), and relative exercise intensity at which substrate utilization crossover occurred (β = 0.05, p = 0.04). For postprandial TG magnitude, visceral adiposity was a strong predictor (β = 0.43, p < 0.001) followed by aerobic exercise frequency (β = 0.23, p = 0.01), and exercise intensity for substrate utilization crossover (β = 0.53, p = 0.01). Conclusions. Postprandial TG responses to a high-fat meal was partially explained by several physiologic and lifestyle characteristics, including visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, aerobic exercise frequency, and relative substrate utilization crossover during exercise.
The effects of foods available through the Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations (FDPIR) on inflammation response, appetite, and energy intake
(2020-09) Smith, Melinda S.; Held, Suzanne; Rink, Elizabeth; Byker Shanks, Carmen; Miles, Mary P.
Objective: To compare the effects of a typical Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations (FDPIR) diet with an FDPIR diet that meets Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) on inflammation response, appetite and energy intake on a combination of American Indian (AI) and non-AI individuals. Design: A within-subjects, randomised, crossover design was used to compare two dietary conditions: (1) a FDPIR diet that met DGA and (2) a FDPIR diet that did not meet DGA. Each participant served as their own control and was exposed to both dietary conditions. Repeated-measures ANOVA and t tests assessed significance between the two dietary conditions. Setting: This took place in the Montana State University Nutrition Research Laboratory in the USA. Participants: Female and male participants (n 13) aged 18–55 years from the university and local community. Results: There were no significant differences in inflammatory response and appetite sensations between the two dietary conditions. Findings indicated that participants ate 14 % more (P < 0·01) kcal on a typical FDPIR diet compared with a FDPIR diet that met DGA. Conclusions: Higher energy intake during a typical FDPIR diet compared with a FDPIR diet that meets DGA may increase risk for obesity and nutrition-related diseases, including type 2 diabetes and other chronic inflammatory conditions.
Probiotics and Gut Health in Athletes
(2020-07) Miles, Mary P.
Purpose of Review To provide a focused analysis of the challenges to gut health in athletes and examine recent research aimed at determining the impact of probiotics on preventing gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and loss of barrier function in athletes. Recent Findings Frequency and severity of GI symptoms during training or competition were reduced by approximately one-third in studies demonstrating efficacy. Improvement of GI symptoms with probiotic supplementation was measured in both single-strain Lactobacillus and multi-strain Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterim probiotics, while improvement in gut barrier function was only measured for multi-strain probiotics. Likelihood of efficacy increased with duration of supplementation. Summary The greatest efficacy for reducing GI symptom frequency and severity, as well as improving or preserving gut barrier function during exercise training and competition, appears to be for multi-strain Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium probiotic cocktails supplemented for at least 11 weeks.
Sports Nutrition Laboratory Manual
(Montana State University Library, 2022-02) Miles, Mary P.; Wilson, Stephanie M.G.; Chamberlin, Morgan L.
This lab manual is designed for the upper division and graduate sports nutrition courses, covering, supporting, and reinforcing fundamental nutritional concepts. This manual provides hands-on experience that will help strengthen student’s knowledge and application of the material. Labs focus on learning areas of exercise intensity and substrate utilization, measuring glycemic responses to selected food items with or without exercise, designing sports drinks and testing rehydration responses, and metabolic health. Additionally, this manual provides a step-by-step guide to strengthen student’s ability to generate data and convey their results in a scientific manner.