Browsing by Author "Miller, John H."

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2008 Statewide Spring Dry Pea and Lentil Variety Evaluations
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2008) Chen, Chengci; Neill, Karnes E.; Carlson, G. R.; Miller, John H.; Stougaard, Robert N.; Strang, L.; Westcott, M.; Knox, M.; Eckhoff, Joyce L.; Miller, Perry R.; Holmes, Jeffrey A.; Tarum, M.; Koenig, V.
This paper evaluates spring dry pea and lentil varieties for grain production potential in diverse Montana environments. Dry pea grain yields were respectable among most of the testing sites (Table 3). Havre had the greatest production, with a trial average (converted to 13% moisture) of nearly 65 bushels acre-1 (65.6 bu/acre – 3,868 lbs/acre). Moccasin had the worst yield averaging less than 17 bushels acre-1 (16.1 bu/acre - 986 lbs/acre) which is much below long-term means and is thought to be due to poor sub-soil moisture, hail damage, snow and record lows in mid-June, and an insect infestation. As expected, no single entry was the top yielding variety at every location. However, the smooth yellow line PS9910140 did top the trial yields at three locations, and was among the top cultivars in the other locations. Lentil grain yields ranged from 450 to 2300 lbs acre-1 and were respectable across the state (Table 7), with the exceptions being Conrad (450 lbs acre-1), which had a poor stand establishment and Sidney (trial abandoned), which had poor soil moisture at seeding and experienced drought-like conditions through the growing season. Differences in grain yield between the dry pea and lentil trials at Moccasin can be attributed to planting of the lentil trial in a different field, which contained better stored soil moisture. The “Richlea”-type lentil line LC01602300R showed the greatest seed production at three of the six sites, with a grain yield ranging from 9.0 (at Conrad) to over 44 bushels acre-1 (Creston), but was not significant at any location (based on LSD0.05).
Developing nominal threshold levels for Phyllotreta cruciferae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) damage on canola in Montana, USA
(2014-12) Tangtrakulwanich, Khanobporn; Reddy, Gadi V. P.; Wu, Shaohui; Miller, John H.; Ophus, Victoria L.; Prewett, Julie
The flea beetles Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) and Phyllotreta striolata (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) are serious pests infesting canola (Brassica napus L.; Brassicales: Brassicaceae) in the Northern Great Plains of the United States. In Montana, P. cruciferae is the only flea beetle species that attacks canola during the crop growing stage. Management of P. cruciferae is usually focused on treating adults feeding on canola seedlings, which is the stage most vulnerable to flea beetle damage. In the Golden Triangle area in Montana, canola growers traditionally use seed treatments or calendar based spraying to control P. cruciferae. Here, we compared calendar-based spraying with seed treatment and threshold-based treatment. The experiment treatments included threshold levels (15–20, 25, 45% of leaf area damaged), calendar based sprays (15, 30 and 45 day intervals after plant emergence), seed treatments (imidacloprid), and untreated controls. The trials were done at two locations (Conrad and Western Triangle Agricultural Research Center). We found that calendar-based spraying at a 15-day interval did not differ significantly in yields from threshold-based treatment at 15–20% leaf damage. Also, the seed treatment did not give significantly higher yields compared to calendar-based sprays. A negative correlation was detected between leaf damage and yield in each treatment. Overall, calendar-based and threshold-based treatments were most effective in improving yields. However, treatment made at the threshold of 15–20% leaf area damage is recommended in order to reduce the number of chemical applications and also to reduce the possibility of selecting for resistance in flea beetles.
Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Fungi and Nematodes, and Low Risk Insecticides Against Wheat Stem Sawfly, Cephus cinctus (Hymenoptera: Cephidae)
(2014-04) Tangtrakulwanich, Khanobporn; Reddy, Gadi V. P.; Wu, Shaohui; Miller, John H.; Ophus, Victoria L.; Prewett, Julie
Entomopathogenic nematodes, fungi, and low risk insecticides were evaluated for the management of the wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton, in winter wheat at two locations (Devon and Western Triangle Ag Research center) in the Golden Triangle area of Montana (USA) in 2013. Two fungi (Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum), four nematodes species (Steinernema carpocapsae, Steinernema kraussei, Steinernema feltiae, and Heterorthabditis bacteriophora), an insect growth regulator (diflubenzuron/dimilin), and a botanical-based chemical (azadirachtin/Aza-direct) were used as foliar sprays. These control agents significantly reduced damage caused by C. cinctus larvae, compared to the untreated control or treatment with water alone. No yield differences were observed among entomopathogenic fungi, nematodes, and low risk insecticides. The effectiveness of azadirachtin, diflubenzuron, the entomopathogenic fungi, and the nematodes persisted at the 28th day post application, by which time the wheat had been harvested. Stubbles collected after harvest showed significantly fewer sawfly larvae in the plots treated with entomopathogenic fungi, nematodes, diflubenzuron, and azadirachtin compared to the untreated and water spray plots, indicating that these biorational pesticides have potential to be used as alternatives to conventional pesticides for controlling the wheat stem sawfly larvae.
Evaluation of environment and cultivar impact on lentil protein, starch, mineral nutrients, and yield
(Wiley, 2021-12) Chen, Chengci; Etemadi, Fatemeh; Franck, William; Franck, Sooyoung; Abdelhamid, Magdi T.; Ahmadi, Jafar; Mohammed, Yesuf Assen; Lamb, Peggy F.; Miller, John H.; Carr, Patrick M.; McPhee, Kevin; Zhou, Yi; Torabian, Shahram; Qin, Ruijun
Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is an important source of protein, starch, and mineral nutrients in many parts of the world. However, the impact of environment and cultivar on the enrichment of these nutrients is not well understood. Four lentil cultivars (‘Avondale’, ‘CDC Richlea’, ‘CDC Maxim’, and ‘CDC Imvincible’) varying in color, seed size, and maturity were evaluated at five Montana locations with diverse climatic and soil conditions over 3 yr. Significant cultivar, location, and year effects were found for yield, protein, starch, and minerals. Grain protein concentration was the highest at Moccasin (262 g kg−1) and lowest at Richland (246 g kg−1), whereas starch concentration was the highest at Richland (455 g kg−1) and lowest at Moccasin(441gkg−1). Among cultivars, Avondale was the top yielding cultivar (1965 kg ha−1)and adaptable to most of the environments; CDC Imvincible was the top protein producer (265 g kg−1); and CDC Richlea is the leading starch producer (456 g kg−1). Grain protein concentration was negatively correlated with starch. Lentil grains varied in nutrient concentrations across locations, with the north central Montana region producing 10- to 20-times greater selenium concentration than other locations. CDC Maxim had the highest iron (62.1 mg kg−1) and zinc (31.5 mg kg−1) concentrations.Seed protein concentration was positively correlated with phosphorus, sulfur, cop-per, and boron. Seed starch is positively correlated with magnesium and manganese.Results suggest that plant breeding and production site selection could enrich lentil nutrient concentrations to help combat malnutrition in the world.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of entomopathogens for the management of wireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae) on spring wheat
(2014-07) Reddy, Gadi V. P.; Tangtrakulwanich, Khanobporn; Wu, Shaohui; Miller, John H.; Ophus, Victoria L.; Prewett, Julie; Jaronski, Stefan T.
Wireworms, the larval stage of click beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae), are serious soil dwelling pests of small grains, corn, sugar beets, and potatoes. Limonius californicus and Hypnoidus bicolor are the predominant wireworm species infesting wheat in Montana, particularly in the ‘Golden Triangle’ area of north-central Montana. Wireworm populations in field crops are increasing, but currently available insecticides provide only partial control, and no alternative management tools exist. In our study, three entomopathogenic fungi were tested for their efficacy against wireworms in spring wheat at two field locations (Ledger and Conrad, Montana, USA) in 2013. The three fungi (Metarhizium brunneum F52, Beauveria bassiana GHA, and Metarhizium robertsii DWR 346) were evaluated as seed-coat, in-furrow granular, and soil band-over-row drench applications in addition to imidacloprid (Gaucho® 600) seed treatment (as a chemical check), the approach currently being used by growers. Wireworm damage in these treatments was evaluated as standing plant counts, wireworm population surveys, and yield. The three fungi, applied as formulated granules or soil drenches, and the imidacloprid seed treatment all resulted in significantly higher plant stand counts and yields at both locations than the fungus-coated seed treatments or the untreated control. Significant differences were detected among the application methods but not among the species of fungi within each application method. All three fungi, when applied as granules in furrow or as soil drenches, were more effective than when used as seed-coating treatments for wireworm control, and provided an efficacy comparable or superior to imidacloprid. The fungi used in this study provided significant plant and yield protection under moderate wireworm pressure, supporting their value in the management of this pest.
Phosphorous Fertilizer for Pea, Lentil, and Chickpea – 2004 Progress Report
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2004) Chen, Chengci; Jackson, G.; Neill, Karnes E.; Wichman, David M.; Miller, John H.; Vavrovsky, Joe
This paper investigates fertilizer P response in pea, lentil, and chickpea in central and north central low P soils; fertilizer P effects on spring type pea, lentil, and chickpea seedling vigor and seed quality; and fertilizer P effects on winter type pea and lentil winter survival and seed and hay quality. Both winter and spring type legumes produced good yields this year at the CARC site. However, the yields were low at the Cut Bank site due to drought. The chickpea trial was abandoned.
Registration of ‘Bobcat’ hard red winter wheat
(Wiley, 2020-06) Bruckner, Phil L.; Berg, Jim E.; Lamb, Peggy F.; Kephart, Ken D.; Eberly, J. O.; Miller, John H.; Chen, C.; Torrion, J. A.; Pradhan, G. P.; Ramsfield, R.; Nash, Deanna L.; Holen, D. L.; Cook, J. P.; Gale, S.; Jin, Y.; Kolmer, J.; Chen, X.; Bai, G.
‘Bobcat’ (Reg. no. CV-1161, PI 693235) hard red winter (HRW) wheat (TriticumaestivumL.) was developed and released by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station in September 2019. Bobcat is of unknown pedigree, derived from a composite of two related single crosses made in 2007: MT0598/98X366-E29-1and 01X258-C1/MT0598. MT0598 is an unreleased, hollow-stem experimental line,and98X366-E29-1and01X258-C1areunreleased,Montana solid-stem experimental lines. Bobcat was developed using a modified bulk breeding method and selected as an F5:6head row. Bobcat was tested under the experimental numberMTS1588 from 2015 to 2019 in Montana. Quality was evaluated in multilocation Montana trials since 2015. Bobcat is a solid-stem, high-yielding HRW wheat cultivar with medium to high test weight, medium maturity, reduced height (Rht-B1b), medium to high grain protein, and acceptable milling and baking quality.Bobcat was released for its improved host plant resistance to wheat stem sawfly(Cephus cinctusNort.) conditioned by stem solidness, along with short stature,and improved yield potential relative to ‘Warhorse’, the current predominant solid-stem cultivar in Montana.
Registration of ‘Bobcat’ hard red winter wheat
(Wiley, 2020-06) Bruckner, Phil L.; Berg, Jim E.; Lamb, Peggy F.; Kephart, Ken D.; Eberly, J. O.; Miller, John H.; Chen, C.; Torrion, J. A.; Pradhan, G. P.; Ramsfield, R.; Nash, Deanna L.; Holen, D. L.; Cook, J. P.; Gale, S.; Jin, Y.; Kolmer, J.; Chen, X.; Bai, G.
‘Flathead’ (Reg. no. CV-1164, PI 693237) hard red winter (HRW) wheat (TriticumaestivumL.) was developed and released by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station in 2019. Flathead was derived from a composite of two very closely related single crosses of the predominant cultivar ‘Yellowstone’ to stripe rust resistant source PI 640431, a hard white spring wheat backcross derivative ofWA007900 that carries stripe rust all-stage resistance genesYr5andYr15.Flat-head was developed using a modified bulk breeding method and selected as anF5:6head row after phenotypic selection for stripe rust resistance at Kalispell,MT. Flathead was tested under the experimental number MT1564 in Montana yield trials from 2015 to 2019. Flathead is a high-yielding HRW wheat cultivar with early maturity,short stature, medium grain protein concentration,excellent milling and baking quality,and a high level of all-stage resistance to predominant races of stripe rust. Flathead was released for its early maturity, improved stripe rust resistance,and improved grain yield relative to other Montana-adapted early heading cultivars.
Registration of ‘Egan’ Wheat with Resistance to Orange Wheat Blossom Midge
(2014-08) Blake, Nancy K.; Stougaard, Robert N.; Bohannon, B.; Weaver, David K.; Heo, Hwa-Young; Lamb, Peggy F.; Nash, Deanna L.; Wichman, David M.; Kephart, Ken D.; Miller, John H.; Eckhoff, Joyce L.; Grey, William E.; Reddy, Gadi V. P.; Lanning, Susan P.; Sherman, Jamie D.; Talbert, Luther E.
Egan' hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Reg. No. 1102, PI 671855) was developed by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station and released in 2014. Egan is intended for production in areas of Montana infested with the orange wheat blossom midge (OWBM) (Sitodiplosis mosellana Géhin). Egan is resistant to OWBM due to antibiosis conferred by resistance gene Sm1. Egan also contains a chromosome segment originally introgressed into wheat from T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides containing a gene for high protein (Gpc-B1) and a gene for stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici) resistance (Yr36). Egan has shown high yield potential and high grain protein in nurseries grown under OWBM pressure in the Flathead Valley of Montana. Egan is the first hard red spring wheat cultivar with resistance to OWBM developed for Montana.
Registration of 'Northern' Hard Red Winter Wheat
(2016-05) Berg, Jim E.; Lamb, Peggy F.; Miller, John H.; Wichman, David M.; Kephart, Ken D.; Stougaard, Robert N.; Pradhan, G. P.; Nash, Deanna L.; Grey, William E.; Gettel, D.; Gale, Sam; Jin, Yue; Kolmer, J. A.; Chen, X.; Bai, G.; Murray, T. D.; Bruckner, Phil L.
Northern' (Reg. No. CV-1114, PI 676026) hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed and released by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station in 2015. Northern was derived from a composite of two crosses, MT9982//MTW0072/NW97151 and MTW0047//MTW0072/NW97151. Northern was developed using a modified bulk breeding method and selected as an F-5:7 headrow. Northern was tested under the experimental number MT0978 in Montana yield trials from 2009 to 2015. Like predominant cultivar Yellowstone, Northern is a high-yielding, winter-hardy hard red winter wheat cultivar with medium to late maturity, medium to high grain protein, and acceptable milling and baking quality. Northern was released for its excellent performance in winter wheat production environments of north-central Montana, reduced plant height, and improved grain volume weight and resistance to stem rust (caused by Puccinia graminis Pers.: Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & E. Henn.) relative to Yellowstone.
Registration of ‘StandClear CLP’ hard red winter wheat
(2020-06) Berg, Jim E.; Kephart, Ken D.; Lamb, Peggy F.; Davis, Edward S.; Eberly, Jed O.; Miller, John H.; Chen, Chengci; Pradhan, G. P.; Torrion, Jessica A.; Ramsfield, Ron; Smith, Vincent H.; Nash, Deanna L.; Holen, Doug L.; Cook, Jason P.; Gale, Sam; Jin, Yue; Chen, X.; Bruckner, Phil L.
‘StandClear CLP’ (Reg. no. CV-1162, PI 693236) hard red winter (HRW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed and released by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station and exclusively licensed to Loveland Products, Inc., in 2020. StandClear CLP is a two-gene Clearfield, semisolid-stem wheat intended for use with the selective imidazolinone (IMI) herbicide imazamox. StandClear CLP resulted from a cross of MTS0531 to an IMI herbicide tolerant F1 plant from a population segregating for two acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) genes [TaAHAS1D and TaAHAS1B]. Original herbicide tolerance donors were IMI ‘Fidel’ (TX12588*4/FS2, BASF) for allele TaAHAS1D via descended experimental lines MTCL0309 and MTCL0510, and proprietary hard red spring wheat line CDC Teal 11A (BASF Corporation) for allele TaAHAS1B. StandClear CLP was selected as a F6:7 headrow in 2014 following multiple cycles of phenotypic mass selection for IMI herbicide tolerance and stem solidness. StandClear CLP was tested under the experimental number MTCS1601 from 2016 to 2019 in Montana for field performance, herbicide tolerance, and end-use quality. StandClear CLP is a high-yielding, Clearfield HRW wheat cultivar with intermediate stem solidness, moderate host plant resistance to wheat stem sawfly, and acceptable milling and baking quality.
Registration of ‘StandClear CLP’ hard red winter wheat
(Wiley, 2020-06) Berg, Jim E.; Kephart, Ken D.; Lamb, Peggy F.; Davis, E. S.; Eberly, J. O.; Miller, John H.; Chen, C.; Pradhan, G. P.; Torrion, J. A.; Ramsfield, R.; Smith, V.; Nash, Deanna L.; Holen, D. L.; Cook, J. P.; Gale, S.; Jin, Y.; Chen, X.; Bruckner, Phil L.
‘StandClear CLP’ (Reg. no. CV-1162, PI 693236) hard red winter (HRW) wheat(Triticum aestivumL.) was developed and released by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station and exclusively licensed to Loveland Products, Inc., in 2020.StandClear CLP is a two-gene Clearfield, semisolid-stem wheat intended for use with the selective imidazolinone (IMI) herbicide imazamox. StandClear CLPresulted from a cross of MTS0531 to an IMI herbicide tolerant F1plant from a population segregating for two acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) genes [TaA-HAS1DandTaAHAS1B]. Original herbicide tolerance donors were IMI ‘Fidel’(TX12588*4/FS2, BASF) for alleleTaAHAS1Dvia descended experimental linesMTCL0309 and MTCL0510, and proprietary hard red spring wheat line CDCTeal 11A (BASF Corporation) for alleleTaAHAS1B. StandClear CLP was selectedasaF6:7headrow in 2014 following multiple cycles of phenotypic mass selection for IMI herbicide tolerance and stem solidness. StandClear CLP was tested under the experimental number MTCS1601 from 2016 to 2019 in Montana for field performance, herbicide tolerance, and end-use quality. StandClear CLP is a high-yielding, Clearfield HRW wheat cultivar with intermediate stem solidness,moderate host plant resistance to wheat stem sawfly, and acceptable milling and baking quality.
Sustainable Management Tactics for Control of Phyllotreta cruciferae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on Canola in Montana
(2014-04) Reddy, Gadi V. P.; Tangtrakulwanich, Khanobporn; Wu, Shaohui; Miller, John H.; Ophus, Victoria L.; Prewett, Julie
The crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), has recently emerged as a serious pest of canola (Brassica napus L.) in Montana. The adult beetles feed on canola leaves, causing many small holes that stunt growth and reduce yield. In 2013, damage to canola seedlings was high (≈80%) in many parts of Montana, evidence that when flea beetles emerge in large numbers, they can quickly destroy a young canola crop. In the current study, the effectiveness of several biopesticides was evaluated and compared with two insecticides (deltamethrin and bifenthrin) commonly used as foliar sprays as well as seed treatment with an imidacloprid insecticide for the control of P. cruciferae under field conditions in 2013. The biopesticides used included an entomopathogenic nematode (Steinernema carpocapsae), two entomopathogenic fungi (Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum), neem, and petroleum spray oils. The control agents were delivered in combination or alone in a single or repeated applications at different times. The plant-derived compound neem (azadirachtin), petroleum spray oil, and fatty acids (M-Pede) only showed moderate effect, although they significantly reduced leaf injuries caused by P. cruciferae and resulted in higher canola yield than the untreated control. Combined use of B. bassiana and M. brunneum in two repeated applications and bifenthrin in five applications were most effective in reducing feeding injuries and improving yield levels at both trial locations. This indicates that entomopathogenic fungi are effective against P. cruciferae, and may serve as alternatives to conventional insecticides or seed treatments in managing this pest.