Browsing by Author "Phillips, Nathan"

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Not True to Troilus, Nor False to Cressid: An Introduction to Shakespearean Textual Editing in Troilus and Cressida
(2013-03) Phillips, Nathan; Minton, Gretchen
Shakespeare’s plays stand on a far more precarious footing than the general reading public realizes: meaning that the text of Hamlet one can pick up from the local bookstore never existed in its present form during Shakespeare’s lifetime. The path a play takes from the Early Modern Period to today as it moves from conception to an edited edition is a particularly knotty one that takes the play through 400 years of scholarship and hundreds of pairs of hands. Troilus and Cressida is notoriously branded as one of those few plays in the Shakespearean canon deemed problematic, and without set genre. The play presents itself both textually and contextually in the form of a riddle; it is a comedy without the wedding, and a tragedy cheapened by its not-quite-tragic characters. Troilus is a play governed by innumerable “what ifs,” and it is up to contemporary editors to make sense of these cruxes for the modern reader and student. I would like to discuss general practices (using Troilus and Cressida as my test case) in modern Shakespearean textual editing, and how they impact the text that ends up in the contemporary book buyer’s hands.
Sensitivity of stand transpiration to wind velocity in a mixed broadleaved deciduous forest
(2014-04-15) Dohyoung, Kim; Oren, Ram; Oishi, A. Christopher; Hsieh, Cheng-I.; Phillips, Nathan; Novick, Kimberly A.; Stoy, Paul C.
Wind velocity (U) within and above forest canopies can alter the coupling between the vapor-saturated sub-stomatal airspace and the drier atmosphere aloft, thereby influencing transpiration rates. In practice, however, the actual increase in transpiration with increasing U depends on the aerodynamic resistance (RA) to vapor transfer compared to canopy resistance to water vapor flux out of leaves (RC, dominated by stomatal resistance, Rstom), and the rate at which RA decreases with increasing U. We investigated the effect of U on transpiration at the canopy scale using filtered meteorological data and sap flux measurements gathered from six diverse species of a mature broadleaved deciduous forest. Only under high light conditions, stand transpiration (EC) increased slightly (6.5%) with increasing U ranging from ∼0.7 to ∼4.7 m s−1. Under other conditions, sap flux density (Js) and EC responded weakly or did not change with U. RA, estimated from Monin–Obukhov similarity theory, decreased with increasing U, but this decline was offset by increasing RC, estimated from a rearranged Penman–Monteith equation, due to a concurrent increase in vapor pressure deficit (D). The increase of RC with D over the observed range of U was consistent with increased Rstom by ∼40% based on hydraulic theory. Except for very rare half-hourly values, the proportion of RA to total resistance (RT) remained <15% over the observed range of conditions. These results suggest that in similar forests and conditions, the direct effect of U reducing RA and thus increasing transpiration is negligible. However, the observed U–D relationship and its effect on Rstom must be considered when modeling canopy photosynthesis.