Theses and Dissertations at Montana State University (MSU)
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://scholarworks.montana.edu/handle/1/733
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Item Chickpea variety evaluation and intercropping for disease management and yield(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 2022) Zhou, Yi; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Chengci Chen; This is a manuscript style paper that includes co-authored chapters.Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important food grain legume, but production is constrained by the soilborne pathogen complex, Ascochyta rabiei, and the development of fungicide resistance. Cultivar resistance is one of the most efficient strategies in disease management. However, chickpea cultivars with resistance to soilborne pathogens or complete resistance to A. rabiei have not been developed. Intercropping chickpea-flax has the potential for Ascochyta blight management. To minimize the impact of soilborne disease and Ascochyta blight on chickpea production, refining of integrated pest management practices is essential. To evaluate the effect of cultivar selection in combination with seed treatment on soilborne disease control, twenty-five cultivars/lines were planted with or without fluxapyroxad, pyraclostrobin, and metalaxyl under field conditions. The area under disease progress curve (AUDPC), seed yield, and protein content were assessed. Fusarium solani was isolated and identified in the late season, and the disease severity of root rot was evaluated. The results showed that seed treatment effectively suppressed damping-off and improved chickpea yield but only slightly reduced late-season root rot. The AUDPC of NDC160166 and NDC 160236 was not significantly reduced by seed treatment, which could be a future resource of resistance. To assess the effects of configurations and resistant cultivar on yield and Ascochyta blight management in intercropping chickpea-flax, two chickpea cultivars (CDC Leader and Royal) were planted with flax under six configurations (monocrop chickpea, 70% chickpea-30% flax in mixture, 50% chickpea-50% flax in mixture, 50% chickpea-50% flax in alternate rows, 30% chickpea-70 flax in mixture, monocrop flax). Yield and nutrient content of component crops and Ascochyta blight infection were evaluated. Chickpea yield decreased as flax proportion increased in the mixture. Chickpea yielded higher in the alternate row design than in the mixture at the same seeding rate due to less interspecies competition in the alternate rows. Intercrop increased 2%-23% land productivity. Chickpea-flax intercrop effectively reduced Ascochyta blight under higher disease pressure. The configuration of 50% chickpea and 50% flax in the mixture was more effective in suppressing Ascochyta blight than in the alternate row configuration. Integrated resistant cultivar and intercropping configuration was most effective in disease suppression.Item Role of crop fertility and seed treatments in managing fusarium root rot of lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) in the northern Great Plains(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 2021) Atencio, Sydney Christine; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Perry Miller and Mary Burrows (co-chair)Lentil is a relatively new but economically important crop for the state of Montana, along with surrounding states in the northern Great Plains. Comparatively little is known about the basic fertility of lentil, and importance of inoculant type on lentil. Additionally, the rise of pulse crop acres in the northern Great Plains, has given rise to root rot pathogens, such as Fusarium root rot. Fusarium root rot of pulses, has a wide host range, limiting the efficacy of rotation in its management. This research is comprised of two main studies. Field trials occurred at sites in Bozeman, Havre, Moccasin, and Sidney in 2019 and 2020. The objective of chapter two was to evaluate the effect of rhizobial inoculant formulations (granular vs. seed-coat/peat-powder) and nutrient additions (potassium, sulfur, and a micronutrient fertilizer), on lentil establishment, growth, seed protein, and yield. For chapter two, in six of eight site-years there was no yield difference between inoculant types. Applications of sulfur (S) fertilizer increased yield at three of eight site-years by an average of 303 kg ha-1 (17%) compared to treatments without S. Results from this study further suggest the importance of S fertilization for lentil. The objective for chapter three was to evaluate seed treatments' ability to control Fusarium root rot on lentil establishment, growth, disease severity and yield. In three of eight site-years, the inoculated control had a relatively high disease severity compared to other seed treatments. In general, treatment responses varied across site-year due to low disease pressure. Additionally, F. graminearum and F. oxysporum were isolated at a high frequency from control plots at sites in 2019. Data from 2020 is pending.Item Bacterial leaf and stem blight of safflower in Montana : its epidemiology, sources of resistance and inheritance of resistance(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 1982) Jacobs, Darrel LeeItem Inheritance of stem solidness and its relationship to yield and other agronomic traits in spring wheat(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 1993) Hayat, Mohammad AslamThe wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), a devastating pest of wheat, has caused considerable economic damage in the Pacific Northwest. Solid-stemmed wheat varieties have provided a genetic source of resistance against the insect. However, solid-stemmed wheats tend to yield less than hollow-stemmed wheats. Some, but not all, studies have shown yield to be negatively related to stem solidness. To date, it is not clear whether solid-stemmed wheats have low yield due to a negative genetic correlation or to the poor genetic background of the original solid-stemmed selections. The cause of the negative association between solid stems and other traits was studied in spring wheat using solid-stemmed wheats released in different eras. The progeny derived from different crosses between solid and hollow parents was evaluated to determine the genetic basis for improved yield in modern solid-stemmed spring wheats. Space-planted nurseries of different crosses grown in 1990 and 1991 showed that the genetic basis of stem solidness is different between an early release (Rescue) and a later release (Lew) Additionally, larger experiments of F6 progeny derived from crosses between solid and hollow parents were grown in two different environments and agronomic data were gathered. The genetic correlation coefficients between stem solidness and grain yield were small and did not tend to be negative. Therefore, no negative genetic relationship appears to exist between stem solidness and grain yield. However, stem solidness was found negatively correlated to protein and plant height in early solid-stemmed releases. Thus, it appears that a linkage existed between the genes for solid stems and genes conferring poor percent protein and tall plants in the early releases. This linkage appears to have been broken in later releases. Stem solidness was independent of all other traits studied. Heritabilities of all traits, except yield, were high.Item Purification and serology of barley yellow streak mosaic virus(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 1993) Skaf, Jihad S.Item Epidemiology of wheat curl mite (Aceria tosichella K.) and wheat streak mosaic virus on feral grass species and effect of glyphosate on wheat curl mite dispersal(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 1998) Brey, Christopher WilliamItem Etiology and characterization of two Pseudomonas syringae pathovars causing two bacterial kernel blights of barley(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 1994) Martinez-Miller, ConcepcionItem Relationship of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase to the regulation of starch accumulation in wheat leaves infected with Puccinia striiformis West(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 1970) MacDonald, Paul WilliamItem Factors influencing the outcome of barley yellow streak mosaic virus-Petrobia latens-barley interactions(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 1995) Smidansky, Eric DanielItem A new virus-like disease of barley : its etiology, epidemiology, and the ultrastructure of associated virus-like particles(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 1987) Robertson, Nancy Lee
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