Publications by Colleges and Departments (MSU - Bozeman)
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Item Evaluating the impact of Rht hypomorphic mutations in durum wheat(Wiley, 2021-12) Brown, McKenna M.; Martin, John M.; Jobson, Emma M.; Hogg, Andrew C.; Carr, Patrick M.; Giroux, Michael J.Increasing the yield of wheat (Triticum spp.) requires identifying new allelic combinations by crossing or by creating useful variation in yield limiting genes. Wheat yield is impacted by many factors, including tiller number and seeds per tiller, both of which are impacted by the Reduced height (Rht) gene. Durum wheat [T. turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) van Slageren] varieties are either standard height, wild type for Rht (Rht-B1a), or are semidwarf and carry the Rht-B1b allele. Rht-B1b increases productive tillers but can result in plants too short for easy harvest in the northern United States and shorter coleoptiles that reduce dry soil germination. In this study, durum plants varying for Rht alleles created by ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis were studied to determine the impact of each allele upon agronomic and seed traits. The projects’ goal is to increase durum wheat yield through the development of a plant with height intermediate between current full-height and semidwarf varieties. Experiments included field trials, coleoptile length and gibberellic acid (GA) responsiveness assays, and an in vitro test to determine the impact of each Rht mutation upon binding to Gibberellin Insensitive Dwarf1 (GID1). It was found that the Rht-B1b-E529K allele conferred plant height and coleoptile length intermediate between Rht-B1b and Rht-B1a containing plants, while two Rht-A1 alleles had lesser impacts with trends toward intermediate-height plants. The results of this research demonstrate that hypomorphic Rht alleles that alter Rht binding to GID1 may prove useful in optimizing durum wheat height to increase yield across different growing conditions.Item Warm-Season Forage Options in Northern Dryland Regions(2020-06) Carr, Patrick M.; Boss, Darrin L.; Chen, Chengci; Dafoe, Julia M.; Eberly, Jed O.; Fordyce, Simon; Hydner, Roger M.; Fryer, Heather K.; Lachowiec, Jennifer A.; Lamb, Peggy F.; McVay, Kent A.; Khan, Qasim A.; Miller, Perry R.; Miller, Zachariah J.; Torrion, Jessica A.Rotating summer fallow with wheat (Triticum spp.) is done in dryland grain farming at upper latitudes to stabilize yields over time and to prevent crop failure. However, summer fallow is costly since weeds must be controlled and crops are not grown. Replacing summer fallow with grain crops can generate low economic returns. Previous research indicated that annual cool‐season forages can be substituted for summer fallow in dryland cropping systems. Our objective was to determine if annual warm‐season species were suited for forage production in monocultures and polycultures in the U.S. northern Great Plains. Dry matter (DM) production by 20 warm‐ and cool‐season crop monocultures and 4 polycultures was determined across six environments during 2016, and by 25 warm‐ and cool‐season crop monocultures and polycultures across four environments from 2016 through 2018. Maize (Zea mays L.) monoculture produced forage DM in amounts equal to, or greater than, those produced by other warm‐ and cool‐season crop treatments (P < 0.05). Maize DM production averaged 2.5 to 5.7 Mg ha−1, depending on the study and environment. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.), foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.] and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) also produced relatively large amounts of forage DM. Polycultures failed to produce more DM than monocultures consistently (P > 0.40). These results indicate that maize and other warm‐season crops are adapted for dryland forage production in cool regions at upper latitudes. Additional research is needed to determine the impacts of annual warm‐season forages on grain yield in a forage‐wheat crop sequence.