Publications by Colleges and Departments (MSU - Bozeman)
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Item Geospatial Analysis of Soil Erosion including Precipitation Scenarios in a Conservation Area of the Amazon Region in Peru(Hindawi Limited, 2021-09) García, Ligia; Veneros, Jaris; Pucha-Cofrep, Franz; Chávez, Segundo; Bustamante, Danilo E.; Calderón, Martha S.; Morales, Eli; Oliva, ManuelThe Tilacancha Private Conservation Area provides fresh water to the city of Chachapoyas. Therefore, the amount of soil lost in the year and under precipitation scenarios was determined. Individually, the values of the factors were obtained: rain erosivity (R) in 2019 and simulating increase and decrease of 15% of rainfall, soil erodibility (K), length and degree of slope (LS), land cover (C), and conservation practices (P); they were integrated into USLE, obtaining A = R K LS PC, (t/ha.yr). Six ranges of erosion were found, and the ACP had areas where from 0.4 to 665.20 t/ha.yr of soil was lost. A 15% reduction in rainfall would represent a loss of soil from 0.20 to 301.56 t/ha.yr and an increase in rainfall by 15%, and the erosion ranges would vary from 0.2 to 1028.84 t/ha.yr.Item Aplicación de sensores remotos para el análisis de cobertura vegetal y cuerpos de agua (Application of remote sensors for the analysis of vegetation cover and water bodies)(SciELO Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo, 2020-12) Veneros, Jaris; García, Ligia; Morales, Eli; Gómez, Víctor; Torres, Mariana; López-Morales, FernandoThis work analyzes remote sensors’ usefulness to analyze vegetation cover and water bodies in conservation and environmental studies. This research aims to determine satellite images’ applications in coverage studies and to ascertain UAV uses (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) in environmental studies. The determination of the applications of satellite images and the UAV was made by reviewing scientific articles, theses, books, and abstracts at conferences. A total of twenty applications were found for coverage and water body studies using satellite images and UAV. For environmental studies using satellite images, ten studies were reported. These are forest cover, urban expansion, vegetation indices, vegetation cover change, deforestation, the spatial distribution of water, water monitoring, lagoon dynamics, water quality parameters, and the Normalized Difference Snow Index thresholds. Otherwise, for environmental studies using the UAV, ten studies were reported. These are plant abundance, plant population dynamics, ecological conservation, aquatic vegetation, vegetation mapping, water quality, fluvial dynamics, river flow, bathymetric maps of a lake, and aquatic plant variations. It is concluded that the physical principles of remote perception explain through laws the operation of sensors to provide satellite information, such as satellite images that provide information with a resolution less than 10 meters, applied to studies of areas of significant extension (Km). For small areas, an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is used to obtain real and accurate information, which is implemented with a multispectral camera to provide information with a resolution greater than 10 cm. Therefore, it is necessary to know the limitations, advantages, and differences of these two systems to plan investigations that use this information and contribute to the protection and conservation of areas affected by natural and anthropogenic elements.Item Global studies of cadmium in relation to Theobroma cacao: A bibliometric analysis from Scopus (1996 -2020)(Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, 2021-12) García, Ligia; Castro, Fabio Angulo; Hernández-Amasifuen, Angel David; Corazon-Guivin, Mike Anderson; Vásquez, Javier Alburquerque; Guerrero-Abad, Juan Carlos; Arellanos, Erick; Veneros, Jaris; Rojas B., Nilton B.; Quintana, Segundo Chavez; Oliva, ManuelThe maximum cadmium tolerance standards were established by the European Union in 2014, for the importation of cocoa-based products, causing concern in the countries. Global studies on Theobroma cacao research related to cadmium activity in the atmosphere were analyzed. Bibliometric analyses in R and VOSviewer programs were used to examine 64 documents published in the Scopus database according to keywords. We identified 811 keywords in the co-occurrence of terms, 5 thematic groups in the bibliographic coupling, 20 institutions as most important affiliations, 20 countries of origin of corresponding authors, 112 institutions in co-authorship network of which 5 are in primary documents, and two groups in thematic similarity in co-citation of documents. The United States leads the scientific production with 11 papers, followed by Colombia (8) and Ecuador (7). In 1996, the first scientific article was registered for the network, with increases of up to 11 publications by 2020. In conclusion, the need to strengthen and create more research networks between countries, institutions, authors, and co-authors is evident. It is hoped that the results will allow a comprehensive unraveling of the cadmium-cocoa research trajectory, while at the same time yielding new prospective research.Item Application of the Standardized Vegetation Index (SVI) and Google Earth Engine (GEE) for drought management in Peru(Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, 2021-11) Veneros, Jaris; García, LigiaBackground. The SVI (Standardized Vegetation Index) provides a relative comparison of the condition of the vegetation in different classifications for monitoring droughts. Objective. In this research, the SVI was used through the Google Earth Engine (GEE) at the national level and in three study points for a coastal, Amazonian, and Andean region for October 31, 2020, and two decades. Methodology. For the construction of the SVI, the data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Version 6 were used; of the Terra sensor (MOD13Q1) with a temporal resolution of 16 days, a spatial resolution of 250 meters, and as a level 3 product. Results. The SVI was represented in five classifications: with green color ≥ 0 (No Drought), yellow color -0.10 to -0.94 (Slight drought), light orange color -0.95 to -1.44 (Moderate drought), dark orange color -1.45 to -1.94 (Severe drought), and red color ≤ -1.95 (Extreme drought). Implications. The change in historical SVI values was evidenced due to causes such as El Niño costero (coastal) and deforestation of Tropical Forests; for the Sechura Desert in Piura and La Pampa in Madre de Dios, respectively. Subsequently, in the Andes of Peru, in Ollachea, Puno, it was determined that the SVI value, more extreme negative, represented an extreme drought never registered for this area. Conclusion. The SVI and GEE provided tools for drought management with high spatial and temporal resolution.Item World historical mapping and potential distribution of Cinchona spp. in Peru as a contribution for its restoration and conservation(Elsevier BV, 2022-12) García, Ligia; Veneros, Jaris; Chavez, Segundo G.; Oliva, Manuel; Rojas-Briceño, Nilton B.Peru is a megadiverse country in neotropical flora and is home to an important genus of plants called Cinchona and commonly all its individual species are called Cinchona Tree (Cinchona spp.), which represents the national tree for this nation. This country has 18 species, a group of these species are listed as vulnerable, endangered, and their population trend is currently unknown. This genus is at risk of extinction due to overexploitation for its medicinal, constructive and food uses. The IUCN also mentions that increased species assessments and records will help make the IUCN Red List a “barometer of life”. Based on the fact that understanding the effects of environmental change on ecosystems requires the identification of historical and current baselines, which can act as reference conditions, this research generated georeferenced global historical maps of Cinchona spp. and then determined the appropriate sites based on environmental variables using the MaxEnt software and established the probabilities of occurrence of this genus in Peru to establish priority areas for its conservation and restoration. Four maps were obtained, one for each centennial, from 1737 to the present, with 10 860 occurrences of Cinchona. In the MaxEnt modeling, 10.30 % (13 3172.56 km2) and 19.20 % (24 7371.32 km2) of Peru's surface area had high ( > 0.6) and moderate (0.4–0.6) probabilities, respectively, of hosting Cinchona. Only 7.6 % (17 305.32 km2) and 22.0 % (50 153.73 km2) of the areas with high and moderate distribution potential, respectively, were covered by natural protected areas. Likewise, 11.90 % (21 738.75 km2) and 33.20 % (60 789.17 km2) of the high and moderate probability lands, respectively, correspond to degraded areas (DAs) and, therefore, are considered a priority for restoration with Cinchona spp. The results may stimulate the rethinking of decision making for the National Action Plan for Reforestation with Species of the Genus Cinchona and other plans or tools for Cinchona conservation in Peru.