College of Agriculture

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As the foundation of the land grant mission at Montana State University, the College of Agriculture and the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station provide instruction in traditional and innovative degree programs and conduct research on old and new challenges for Montana’s agricultural community. This integration creates opportunities for students and faculty to excel through hands-on learning, to serve through campus and community engagement, to explore unique solutions to distinct and interesting questions and to connect Montanans with the global community through research discoveries and outreach.

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1H, 13C, 15N backbone and side chain NMR resonance assignments of the N-terminal NEAr iron transporter domain 1 (NEAT 1) of the hemoglobin receptor IsdB of Staphylococcus aureus
(2014-04) Fonner, Brittany A.; Tripet, Brian P.; Lui, Mengyao; Zhu, Hui; Lei, Benfang; Copie, Valerie
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen that causes skin and severe infections in mammals. Critical to S. aureus growth is its ability to scavenge iron from host cells. To this effect, S. aureus has evolved a sophisticated pathway to acquire heme from hemoglobin (Hb) as a preferred iron source. The pathway is comprised of nine iron-regulated surface determinant (Isd) proteins involved in heme capture, transport, and degradation. A key protein of the heme acquisition pathway is the surface-anchored hemoglobin receptor protein IsdB, which is comprised of two NEAr transporter (NEAT) domains that act in concert to bind Hb and extract heme for subsequent transfer to downstream acquisition pathway proteins. Despite significant advances in the structural knowledge of other Isd proteins, the structural mechanisms and molecular basis of the IsdB-mediated heme acquisition process are not well understood. In order to provide more insights into the mode of function of IsdB, we have initiated NMR structural studies of the first NEAT domain of IsdB (IsdBN1). Herein, we report the near complete 1H, 13C and 15N resonance assignments of backbone and side chain atoms, and the secondary structural topology of the 148-residue IsdB NEAT 1 domain. The NMR results are consistent with the presence of eight β-strands and one α-helix characteristic of an immunoglobulin-like fold observed in other NEAT domain family proteins. This work provides a solid framework to obtain atomic-level insights toward understanding how IsdB mediates IsdB-Hb protein–protein interactions critical for heme capture and transfer.
2-Arylacetamido-4-phenylamino-5-substituted pyridazinones as formyl peptide receptors agonists
(2016-06) Vergelli, Claudia; Schepetkin, Igor A.; Ciciani, Giovanna; Cilibrizzi, Agostino; Crocetti, Letizia; Giovannoni, Maria Paola; Guerrini, Gabriella; Iacovone, Antonella; Kirpotina, Liliya N.; Khlebnikov, Andrei I.; Ye, Richard D.; Quinn, Mark T.
N-Formyl peptide receptors (FPRs: FPR1, FPR2, and FPR3) are G protein-coupled receptors that play key roles in modulating immune cells. FPRs represent potentially important therapeutic targets for the development of drugs that could enhance endogenous anti-inflammation systems associated with various pathologies, thereby reducing the progression of inflammatory conditions. Previously, we identified 2-arylacetamide pyridazin-3(2H)-ones as FPR1- or FPR2-selective agonists, as well as a large number of FPR1/FPR2-dual agonists and several mixed-agonists for the three FPR isoforms. Here, we report a new series of 2-arylacetamido-4-aniline pyridazin-3(2H)-ones substituted in position 5 as a further development of these FPR agonists. Chemical manipulation presented in this work resulted in mixed FPR agonists 8a, 13a and 27b, which had EC50 values in nanomolar range. In particular, compound 8a showed a preference for FPR1 (EC50 =45nM), while 13a and 27b showed a moderate preference for FPR2 (EC50 =35 and 61nM, respectively). Thus, these compounds may represent valuable tools for studying FPR activation and signaling.
A 200-year history of arctic and alpine fungi in North America: Early sailing expeditions to the molecular era
(2020) Noffsinger, Chance; Cripps, Cathy L.; Horak, Egon
Mushrooms and other fleshy fungi are important components of arctic and alpine habitats where they enhance nutrient uptake in plants and replenish poor soils through decomposition. Here we assemble the 200-year (1819–2019) record of their discovery in North America, beginning with early Arctic sailing expeditions, followed by intense taxonomic studies, and concluding with the molecular era, all of which highlight the difficulty of exhaustively revealing their biodiversity in these extreme, cold-dominated habitats. Compiled biogeographic data reveal that a majority of arctic fungi have large intercontinental distributions with disjunct alpine populations. A newly compiled checklist of 170 species of Basidiomycota in fifty-one genera and twenty families in the Rocky Mountain alpine zone provides current baseline data prior to expected environmental shifts.
2001 Canola Variety and Hybrid Performance Evaluations
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2001) Wichman, David M.; Sharp, Gail L.
This report evaluates the relative yield performance of spring canola varieties adapted to the northern plains and intermountain regions. Emergence was slow and very erratic due to dry weather conditions that persisted till early June at both locations. The Moore site was very slow to emerge with much of the emergence occurring in early June. Tyler seeded with a hoe drill and more uniform and much earlier emergence. The delayed emergence contributed to low yield levels at both locations. Extremely high levels of evaporative demand in July were also detrimental to the canola trial yields (See Tables sc35 and sc36). The Moccasin trials were further impacted by ground sparrows and Cashin finch feeding on the seed pods prior and during ripening. Intermountain 223 RR and 357 RR lines were top performers in both trials. These lines have been good performers other years as well. Late seeding and unusually dry weather with high evaporative demand resulted below average canola yields. The variation within the study due to factors other than the characteristics of the varieties themselves reduced the value of both variety evaluation nurseries.
2001 Cereal Forage Species, Variety and Seeding Rate Studies
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2001) Wichman, David M.; Vavrovsky, Joe; Sharp, Gail L.; Cash, S.D.; Johnson, D.; Hensleigh, Pat F.; Hybner, Roger M.; Carr, P.
This report determines the forage production potential of spring and winter cereal grain species and varieties under dryland conditions in central Montana. Determine the optimum spring cereal seeding rates for maximum forage production. Cereal forage yields were respectable considering the low precipitation levels received over the past year. Fall 2000 and early spring seeded crops on tilled soils experienced severe and multiple soil blasting and seedling burial. Therefore, the data presented here is not sufficient to make extensive inferences or comparisons amongst varieties or species.
2001 Evaluation of Non-Alfalfa Perennial Legumes
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2001) Wichman, David M.; Vavrovsky, Joe; Cash, S.D.; Ditterline, R. L.
This report determines yield levels of modern varieties non-bloat causing perennial forage legumes: sainfoin, birdsfoot trefoil, and cicer milkvetch relative to yields of alfalfa check varieties. Dry weather and other droughty conditions have been hard on the non-bloat causing perennial legumes. In 2001, alfalfa entries have proved to be superior in dry matter yield production than the entries of sainfoin, birdsfoot trefoil, and cicer milkvetch. There appears to be some difference between varieties, for forage yield, with in each of species (See Tables F 5 &F 6). Due to the unusually dry weather the past couple of years, hopefully it remains classified as “unusually dry” rather than the beginning of a new norm, it is best not to make any conjectures about relative yield levels of the various varieties.
2001 Montana Intra-State Alfalfa Variety Trials
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2001) Wichman, David M.; Vavrovsky, Joe; Cash, S.D.; Ditterline, R. L.; Sharp, Gail L.
This report identifies superior alfalfa varieties for dryland forage production in central Montana. Yield results for alfalfa variety nurseries seeded in the years 2001, 2000, 1998, and 1997 are presented in tables 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Drought conditions persisting since the spring of 1997 continue to depress alfalfa forage yields. Warm winter weather which allow perennials, such as alfalfa, to remain actively growing through the late fall, winter and or early spring cause the plants to deplete soil water reserves while producing little vegetation. Yield levels are one third to one fourth of the expected yields. No significant variations in disease infections or insect feedings have been observed. Little variation in plot/treatment ranking across years has been observed. This indicates the importance of getting a good stand to start with. Ladak 65 yield levels continue to be similar to those of more modern varieties which have greater disease resistance. However, recent years have been dry and unsuitable for outstanding yield levels. In better yield conditions, this researcher expects modern varieties to exhibit a higher yield level relative to Ladak 65.
2001 Perennial Grass Species and Variety Forage Yield Evaluations
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2001) Wichman, David M.; Vavrovsky, Joe; Cash, S.D.; Ditterline, R. L.; Majerus, M.
This report identifies superior alfalfa varieties for dryland forage production in central Montana. Yield results for alfalfa variety nurseries seeded in the years 2001, 2000, 1998, and 1997 are presented in tables 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Drought conditions persisting since the spring of 1997 continue to depress alfalfa forage yields. Warm winter weather which allow perennials, such as alfalfa, to remain actively growing through the late fall, winter and or early spring cause the plants to deplete soil water reserves while producing little vegetation. Yield levels are one third to one fourth of the expected yields. No significant variations in disease infections or insect feedings have been observed. Little variation in plot/treatment ranking across years has been observed. This indicates the importance of getting a good stand to start with. Ladak 65 yields levels continue to similar to those of more modern varieties which have greater disease resistance. However, recent years have been dry and unsuitable for outstanding yield levels. In better yield conditions, this researcher expects modern varieties to exhibit a higher yield level relative to Ladak 65.
2002 Evaluation of Non-Alfalfa Perennial Legumes
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2002) Wichman, David M.; Vavrovsky, Joe; Cash, S.D.; Ditterline, R. L.
This report determines yield levels of modern varieties of non-bloat causing perennial forage legumes, such as sainfoin, birdsfoot trefoil, and cicer milkvetch, relative to yields of alfalfa check varieties. Dry weather and other droughty conditions have been hard on the non-bloat causing perennial legumes. In dry matter yield production for 2002, 2001 and 2000, the alfalfa entries have proven to be superior to the entries of sainfoin, birdsfoot trefoil, and cicer milkvetch. Within each species and between varieties, there appears to be some differences in forage yield (see Tables F6 & F7). Due to the unusually dry weather the past couple of years, (hopefully it remains classified as “unusually dry” rather than the beginning of a new norm), it is best not to make any conjectures about relative yield levels of the various varieties.
2002 Montana Intra-State Alfalfa Variety Trials
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2002) Wichman, David M.; Vavrovsky, Joe; Cash, S.D.; Ditterline, R. L.; Sharp, Gail L.
This report identifies superior alfalfa varieties for dryland forage production in central Montana. Yield results for alfalfa variety nurseries seeded in the years 2002, 2001, 2000, 1998, and 1997 are presented in tables F 1 through F 5, respectively. Drought conditions persisting since the spring of 1997 continue to depress alfalfa forage yields. Warm winter weather, which allows perennials such as alfalfa to remain actively growing through the late fall, winter and or early spring, causes the plants to deplete soil water reserves while producing little vegetation. Yield levels have been one half to one third of the expected yields. No significant variations in disease infections or insect feedings have been observed. Little variation in plot/treatment ranking across years has been observed. This indicates the importance of getting a good stand initially. Ladak-65 yield levels continue to be similar to those of more modern varieties, which have greater disease resistance. However, recent years have been dry and unsuitable for outstanding yield levels. In better yield conditions, this researcher expects modern varieties to exhibit a higher yield level relative to Ladak-65. The alfalfa nurseries have a scheduled longevity of four years. This provides sufficient information on yield potential. However, the stand longevity factor is not determined. Statewide alfalfa variety trial information is available at: http://animalrangeextension.montana.edu/Forage/forage_pub.htm
2003 Evaluation of Barley Variety Performance in Recrop Systems Following Oilseeds Near Moccasin, Lentils Near Denton and Winter Wheat Near Fort Benton
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2003) Blake, Tom; Hensleigh, Pat F.; Philips, Dave; Vavrovsky, Joe; Wargo, Judee; Wichman, David M.
This report evaluates the agronomic performance of spring barley varieties in recrop or continuous crop environments in the southern triangle and central Montana. Drought conditions contributed to low yields and test weights and above normal grain protein levels. Haxby and Conlin exhibited the ability produce well and to produce decent test weights in droughty conditions. Xena exhibited good yield potential in droughty conditions, also.
2003 Evaluation of Durum Wheat Variety Performance Under No-Till Recrop Conditions Following a Pulse Crop Near Moccasin, Montana and 2003 Evaluation of Durum Wheat Variety Performance in Recrop Systems near Denton and Fort Benton
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2003) Lanning, Susan P.; Philips, Dave; Talbert, Luther E.; Vavrovsky, Joe; Wargo, Judee; Wichman, David M.
This report evaluates the agronomic performance of durum wheat varieties in recrop or continuous crop environments in the southern triangle and central Montana. Twenty spring durum varieties were re-cropped no-till into lentil stubble. The only supplemental fertilizer was 50lbs per acre of 20-20-20-10 blend applied through the drill at seeding. Conditions were good at seeding, but plant available moisture conditions deteriorated through June and July resulting in low yields and low test weights. Drought conditions contributed to low yields and test weights and above normal grain protein levels. New varieties are steadily replacing many of the old standards as the consistent top yielders.
2003 Evaluation of IMI-tolerant winter wheat variety performance in recrop trials at Fife near Belt and Great Falls
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2003) Berg, Jim E.; Bruckner, Phil L.; Vavrovsky, Joe; Wichman, David M.
This report evaluates the agronomic performance of IMI-tolerant winter wheat varieties in recrop or continuous crop environments in the goat grass infested area near Belt. The IMI-tolerant winter wheat variety trial was re-cropped till-plant after spring wheat. The site was very dry at seeding as the double disk plot drill penetrated the soil surface to a depth of ¾ to 1 inch. Stand establishment was good. The dry conditions persisted through the spring at the test site. The IMI tolerant trait did provide the opportunity to control jointed goat grass without killing the wheat. The droughty conditions limited the evaluation of the yield potential of these lines. Some lines did show good yield potential relative to standard varieties in severe limited moisture environment.
2003 Evaluation of Spring Wheat Variety Performance in No-Till Recrop After Pulse Crop System Near Moccasin
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2003) Lanning, Susan P.; Talbert, Luther E.; Vavrovsky, Joe; Wichman, David M.
This report evaluates the agronomic performance of spring wheat varieties in recrop or continuous crop environments in central Montana. Drought conditions contributed to low yields and test weights and above normal grain protein levels. These trials continue to show how spring wheat varieties perform in less than ideal plant available water conditions.
2003 Evaluation of Winter Wheat Variety Performance on No-Till Recrop into Undisturbed Barley Stubble Near Moccasin
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2003) Berg, Jim E.; Bruckner, Phil L.; Philips, Dave; Vavrovsky, Joe; Wargo, Judee; Wichman, David M.
Evaluate agronomic performance of winter wheat varieties in recrop or continuous crop environments in the southern triangle and central Montana. 2003 Winter wheat variety trial re-cropped no-till after barley was established at the Central Agricultural Research Center on land in its eighth year of continuous no-till annual cropping. Center on land in its eighth year of continuous no-till annual cropping (since 1996). The current rotation is: pulse – spring wheat – canola/mustard – barley – barley – winter wheat – pulse crop. Soil moisture conditions were fair to good at seeding. conditions were fair to good at seeding (soil moisture probe depth 10-12”). However, high post seeding temperatures and winds dried the soil late into the fall. Much above average April precipitation contributed to excellent yield potential. Return of severe drought conditions in early June resulted low test weights which deflated the yield levels. The droughty weather in combination with the variable shallow soils resulted in extremely variable yield results and low confidence results. No-Till recrop weather precipitation conditions were such that early maturity was favored. The later the maturity the greater the exposure to increased heat and reduced plant available moisture. The main factor missing was winter stress. The good performance of several numbered lines indicate the potential for improved varieties in the near future.
2003 Field Performance Evaluation of Fungicides on Spring Wheat
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2003) Carlson, G. R.; Riesselman, John (Jack); Vavrovsky, Joe; Wichman, David M.
This report evaluates the relative effect of seed treatments on spring wheat production. Drought conditions contributed to low yields and test weights and above normal grain protein levels. These trials continue to show how spring wheat varieties perform in less than ideal plant available water conditions.
2003 Spring Barley Intrastate and Preliminary Performance Nurseries in Crop-Fallow Systems in Central Montana
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2003) Blake, Tom; Hensleigh, Pat F.; Vavrovsky, Joe; Wichman, David M.
This report evaluates the agronomic performance of advanced (2107) and early generation (3107) spring barley development lines in crop-fallow environments in central Montana. Drought conditions contributed to low yields and test weights and above normal grain protein levels. Haxby and Conlin exhibited the ability produce well and to produce decent test weights in droughty conditions. Xena exhibited good yield potential in droughty conditions, also.
2003 Spring Oat Variety Grain Yield Evaluations
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2003) Blake, Tom; Hensleigh, Pat F.; Vavrovsky, Joe; Wichman, David M.
Evaluate the agronomic performance of oat varieties and development lines in crop-fallow environment in central Montana. Cool wet growing conditions in April delayed emergence and development of spring seeded cereals. Dry conditions along with much above average temperatures in June and July contributed to low yield potentials and low test weights. For some cereals tillering was reduced so test weights were not as low as in other instances. Drought conditions contributed to low yields and test weights and above normal grain protein levels.
2003 Statewide Evaluation of Spring Wheat Variety Performance in Advanced Yield and Preliminary Yield Trials
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2003) Lanning, Susan P.; Talbert, Luther E.; Vavrovsky, Joe; Wichman, David M.
This report evaluates the agronomic performance of advanced and early generation spring wheat lines under a crop-fallow environment in central Montana. Drought conditions contributed to low yields and test weights and above normal grain protein levels. These trials continue to show how spring wheat varieties perform in less than ideal plant available water conditions.
2004 Comparing the Post Harvest Dormancy of Haxby and Eslick Barley to Harrington and Other Lines
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2004) Armstrong, Harold R.; Hensleigh, Pat F.; Wichman, David M.
This experiment was to determine if Haxby and Eslick barley have a tendency toward slower post harvest germination than does Harrington barley. Post harvest dormancy is a primary factor affecting the chance a seed will lay dormant through the fall and winter and volunteer in the crop grown the next growing season. After very minor testing, Metcalfe appears to have little post harvest dormancy and may be similar to the check Harrington. Eslick appears to have a fair amount of post harvest dormancy.