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Item Registration of ‘Egan’ Wheat with Resistance to Orange Wheat Blossom Midge(2014-08) Blake, Nancy K.; Stougaard, Robert N.; Bohannon, B.; Weaver, David K.; Heo, Hwa-Young; Lamb, Peggy F.; Nash, Deanna L.; Wichman, David M.; Kephart, Ken D.; Miller, John H.; Eckhoff, Joyce L.; Grey, William E.; Reddy, Gadi V. P.; Lanning, Susan P.; Sherman, Jamie D.; Talbert, Luther E.Egan' hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Reg. No. 1102, PI 671855) was developed by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station and released in 2014. Egan is intended for production in areas of Montana infested with the orange wheat blossom midge (OWBM) (Sitodiplosis mosellana Géhin). Egan is resistant to OWBM due to antibiosis conferred by resistance gene Sm1. Egan also contains a chromosome segment originally introgressed into wheat from T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides containing a gene for high protein (Gpc-B1) and a gene for stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici) resistance (Yr36). Egan has shown high yield potential and high grain protein in nurseries grown under OWBM pressure in the Flathead Valley of Montana. Egan is the first hard red spring wheat cultivar with resistance to OWBM developed for Montana.Item Statewide Evaluation of Dry Pea Variety Performance (Montana Statewide Dry Pea Performance Trial) (2002)(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2002) Wichman, David M.; Neill, Karnes E.; Eckhoff, Joyce L.; Holmes, Jeffrey A.; Jackson, G.; Kephart, Ken D.; Lamb, Peggy F.; Miller, James B.; Miller, Perry R.This report evaluates the performance of dry pea varieties under different climatic and cropping conditions across Montana (Moccasin Testing Site Only). Drought-like conditions persisted into the 2002 cropping year across much of Montana. At the Moccasin site, crop-year precipitation (April through July) was 86% of normal, receiving 1.14 inches below the normal growing season precipitation. Dry pea grain yields for selected varieties that have been included in the Statewide Dry Pea Performance Trial at Moccasin for three (3) or more of the five years (1998 - 2002) the trials have been conducted, were summarized (Table 5). Dry pea grain production of these selected varieties has averaged 1,666 pounds per acre (27.8 bu/acre) and has increased since 1998. With an average dry pea production of 1,967 pounds per acre, Grande, smooth yellow pea, has been the best grain producer, but has not had significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher production than CDC Handel, CDC Mozart and Swing smooth yellow peas. Compared with Trapper yellow field pea (a forage type), all varieties tested, with the exception of the Austrian winter pea Granger, have consistently out-yielded Trapper.Item Statewide Evaluation of Lentil Variety Performance (Montana Statewide Lentil Performance Trial) (2002)(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2002) Wichman, David M.; Neill, Karnes E.; Eckhoff, Joyce L.; Holmes, Jeffrey A.; Jackson, G.; Kephart, Ken D.; Lamb, Peggy F.; Miller, James B.; Miller, Perry R.This report evaluates the performance of lentil varieties under different climatic and cropping conditions across Montana. Drought-like conditions persisted into the 2002 cropping year across much of Montana. At the Moccasin site, crop-year precipitation (April through July) was 86% of normal, which received 1.14 inches below the normal growing season precipitation. Selected lentil entries’ grain yields, which were involved in the Statewide Lentil Performance Trial for three or more years since 1998, were summarized (Table 10). Since 1998, CDC Milestone, a small green lentil (Eston-type), had the most lentil grain production, with an average of 1,431 pounds per acre (23.9 bu/acre), but was only significantly greater than Laird, French Green, Crimson and Indianhead lentils. Overall, lentil yields at Moccasin have averaged just over 1,200 pounds per acre (20 bu/acre), between 1998 and 2002. When yields were compared with Laird large green lentil (an industry standard), only CDC Milestone had consistently better yields than Laird (125% of Laird, which is greater than the LSD(0.05) of 20%).Item Evaluation of Dry Field Pea for Forage Production in Montana (Uniform Dry Pea Forage Trial) (2002)(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2002) Wichman, David M.; Neill, Karnes E.; Cash, S.D.; Johnson, D.; Kephart, Ken D.; Knox, M.; Lamb, Peggy F.; Strang, L.; Westcott, M.This report evaluates Austrian winter pea variety forage yield performance in pure stands and with a companion cereal forage (Haybet hay barley) under different cropping and environmental conditions in Montana. Since 1999, pure Haybet hay barley stands had the highest dry matter forage production under both dryland and irrigated conditions (significant under dryland), with an average annual forage production of 3,600 and 9,694 pounds per acre under dryland and irrigation, respectively (Table 30). Dry pea cultivars mixed with barley had significantly higher yields than their pure dry pea equivalents. Dry matter protein contents were highest in the pure Sioux Austrian winter pea stands under both dryland and irrigated sites (Table 31). However, total protein production was greatest (although not significantly) for the Melrose Austrian winter pea mixed with barley plots and Granger Austrian winter pea mixed with barley plots under dryland and irrigated sites, respectively. By combining treatment effects, pure Haybet hay barley consistently out-yielded dry pea/barley mixed and pure dry pea treatments (Table 32). Quality analysis, by measure of dry matter protein content, indicates that, although pure pea stands and mixed dry pea stands have higher protein contents, no significant differences in protein yield were seen among treatments (Table 33).Item Statewide Evaluation of Chickpea (Garbonzo Bean) Variety Performance (Montana Uniform Chickpea Performance Trial) (2002)(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2002) Wichman, David M.; Neill, Karnes E.; Eckhoff, Joyce L.; Holmes, Jeffrey A.; Jackson, G.; Kephart, Ken D.; Lamb, Peggy F.; Miller, James B.; Miller, Perry R.; Muehlbauer, F.J.; Short, R.W.This report evaluates grain yield potential of chickpea varieties under dryland conditions across Montana (Moccasin Testing Site Only). Drought-like conditions persisted into the 2002 cropping year across much of Montana. Below normal growing season precipitation was recorded at all sites at Moccasin, which received only 86% of its normal growing season precipitation from May 1 through July 31. An outbreak of Ascochyta blight was detected on July 15th, and an application of Quadris was applied to suppress the disease until the plots could be harvested. A severe thunderstorm accompanied by hail, hit the site on August 20th, causing at least 50% losses in yield (Table 13). Desi and small kabuli chickpea grain yields, since 1998, have averaged 1,300 pounds per acre under dryland conditions at Moccasin (Table 15). By analysis (which extrapolates yields over missing years), CDC Desiray has been the best grain producer, averaging 1,422 pounds of grain per acre (23.7 bu/acre). However, it has not significantly out produced any of the other desi-/small kabuli-type chickpeas. The large kabuli chickpeas have averaged only 363 pounds per acre (includes the hail damaged yields of 2002). It is unclear at this time what is causing the low kabuli-yields reported at Moccasin. Further research is needed. CDC Xena, had the best 4-year grain average, producing 437 pound per acre.Item Statewide Evaluation of Lentil Variety Performance (Montana Statewide Lentil Performance Trial) (2001)(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2001) Wichman, David M.; Eckhoff, Joyce L.; Neill, Karnes E.; Holmes, Jeffrey A.; Jackson, G.; Kephart, Ken D.; Lamb, Peggy F.; Miller, James B.; Miller, Perry R.This report evaluates the performance of lentil varieties under different cropping conditions across Montana. Drought-like conditions persisted into the 2001 cropping year across much of Montana. Below normal growing season precipitation was recorded at all sites, with the Sidney site being the exception. The Sidney site had below normal moisture conditions at seeding and received much above normal precipitation in June. The Conrad site received only 2.28 inches of precipitation during the growing season (April 26th - July 25th), of which 1.53 inches fell in June. Looking at multi-year variety yields compared to Laird green lentil at all locations, indicated that most varieties perform equal to or better than Laird, except for at the Huntley site, where Laird tended to do better than the majority of the other lentils evaluated (Table 16). By comparing yields from the 2001 field season to the statewide four-year (1998-2001) average (Tables 12 and 16, respectively), lentil production, under dryland environments, in 2001 was 91% of the four-year statewide trial average (923 lbs/acre and 1,019 lbs/acre, respectively). With an average dryland grain production of 1,159 pounds per acre, CDC Richlea green lentil has been the highest statewide grain yielding lentil over four years of testing. Moccasin lentil yields were the only dryland site where 2001 lentil production was greater than that sites four-year average (1,137 and 1,114 lbs/acre, respectively). Lentil yields in the 2001 season at Corvallis were 166% of that sites two-year average (2,255 and 1,361 lbs/acre, respectively) and over 700 pounds more production than the four site-year irrigated average of 1,512 pounds per acre. Over the four years of statewide lentil evaluations, the dryland grain yields averaged 1,019 pounds per acre, with Sidney, Bozeman and Moccasin having the highest average yields. Under irrigation, lentil production averaged 1,512 pounds per acre in from 1998 through 2001.Item Evaluation of Dry Field Pea for Forage Production in Montana (Uniform Dry Pea Forage Trial) (2001)(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2001) Wichman, David M.; Neill, Karnes E.; Holmes, Jeffrey A.; Kephart, Ken D.; Knox, M.; Lamb, Peggy F.; Miller, Perry R.; Westcott, M.This report evaluates Austrian winter pea variety forage production in pure stands and with a companion cereal forage (Haybet hay barley) under different cropping and environmental conditions in Montana. Average dry matter forage production under dryland conditions was 3,320 pounds per acre (1.7 tons/acre) and under irrigation was 7,044 pounds per acre (3.5 tons/acre; Table 26). Haybet hay barley was the top dry forage producer at all sites (significant under irrigation), having an average dryland production of 4,389 lbs/acre (2.2 tons/acre) and an irrigated average production of 10,980 pounds per acre (5.5 tons/acre). Dry pea varieties mixed with barley had higher yields compared to pure stands (not significant at Bozeman). When all peas and pea/barley mixed plots were combined and compared with pure barley forage production, pure pea plots had significantly lower yields under both cropping conditions (Table 27). Under irrigation, the pea/barley mixed plots also had significantly lower forage yields than pure barley stands. These differences may be attributed to the disparity in total plot (pea + barley in mixed plots) stand densities between pure pea, pure barley and mixed plots under dryland (8, 12, and 12 plants/ft2, respectively) and irrigated conditions (10, 21 and 17 plants/ft2; see Table 24).Item Statewide Evaluation of Chickpea (Garbonzo Bean) Variety Performance (Montana Uniform Chickpea Performance Trial)(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2001) Wichman, David M.; Neill, Karnes E.; Eckhoff, Joyce L.; Holmes, Jeffrey A.; Jackson, G.; Kephart, Ken D.; Lamb, Peggy F.; Miller, James B.; Miller, Perry R.; Muehlbauer, F.J.; Short, R.W.This report evaluates grain yield potential of chickpea varieties under dryland conditions across Montana. Drought-like conditions persisted into the 2001 cropping year across much of Montana. Below normal growing season precipitation was recorded at all sites, with Sidney being the exception. The above normal precipitation that fell during June, followed by warm humid conditions, at the Sidney site accelerated an outbreak of Ascochyta blight causing severe damage to the chickpea trial. Low grain yields were reported at the Conrad site which received only 2.28 inches of precipitation between seeding date and end of July. By summarizing four years (1998-2001) of performance trials, statewide, Dwelley (kabuli-type) chickpea was out yielded by all other varieties of chickpeas evaluated, except for the one-year trial at Bozeman (Table 23).Item Statewide Evaluation of Dry Pea Variety Performance (Montana Statewide Dry Pea Performance Trial) (2001)(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2001) Wichman, David M.; Neill, Karnes E.; Eckhoff, Joyce L.; Holmes, Jeffrey A.; Jackson, G.; Kephart, Ken D.; Lamb, Peggy F.; Miller, James B.; Miller, Perry R.This report evaluates the performance of dry pea varieties under different climatic and cropping conditions across Montana. Drought-like conditions persisted into the 2001 cropping year across much of Montana. Below normal growing season precipitation was recorded at all sites, with Sidney being the exception. However, Sidney had below normal moisture conditions at seeding and received much above normal precipitation in June. The Conrad-dryland site received only 2.28 inches of crop-year precipitation (April 26th - July 25th), of which 1.53 inches fell in June. The irrigated site at Conrad was abandoned due to a severe kochia (K. scoparia) weed infestation and deer pressures. Statewide dryland dry pea grain yields from 1999 through 2001 have averaged 1,457 pounds per acre (24.3 bu/acre), with Sidney-dryland (1,791 lbs/acre) having the highest four-year average dryland yield (Table 8). Statewide, Carrera yellow pea, with an average dry pea production of 1,919 pounds per acre, along with Eclipse and Victoria yellow peas (equal to Carrera at 5% level), has been the best dry pea grain producer under dryland environments (Table 9). Espace green pea (1,904 lbs/acre) has been the top producing green pea variety (not significant at 5% level). In two years of irrigated trials at Conrad, Swing yellow pea had the best performance, however was only significantly better than Carrera yellow, Melrose Austrian winter and Trapper small yellow peas.