REHABILITATION
OF THE
BUTTE MINERS UNION
BUTTE, MONTANA
HALL
P378
•H7795
J'ON hopwood
spRii\q , 1980
Arch
•V LIBRARY
MONTANA STATE UNIVERStSY
BOZEMAN
STATEMENT OF PERMISSION TO COPY
In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for an advanced degree at Montana State University,
I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for in
spection. I further agree that permission for extensive copying
of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by my major
professor, or, in his absence, by the Director of Libraries. It
is understood that any copying or publication of this thesis for
financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission.
Date
Signature
ADAPTIVE REUSE OF THE BUTTE MINERS UNION HALL
by
W
JON HOPWOOD
A professional paper submitted in partial fulfillment
of the requirements for the degree
of
BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE
Approved:
Advi sor y
^arnran,
Director, of Architecture
MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY
Bozeman, Montana
June 1980
nZC
Ml (0
To my Mother and Father for their continued support,
inspiration, and encouragement throughout my education.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to thank the following people for their
assistance and cooperation:
John DeHaas - Thesis Advisor
Kingston Heath - Committee Person
Henry McClernan and the staff of the Butte-Silver Bow
Public Library
The Officers and Members of the Butte Miner's Union Local
No. 1-A
The Officials of Butte Silver Bow Local Government
Minnie Paugh and the Special Collections Staff of the
Montana State University Library
My good friend, Jim Gartner, for his great p rr.ography work
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS i
INTRODUCTION 1
THESIS STATEMENT 2
HISTORY OF BUTTE 8
HISTORY OF THE SILVER BOW CLUB 10
ANALYSIS OF EXISTING CONDITIONS 25
LOCATION ANALYSIS 38
PROGRAMING 49
DESIGN PROPOSAL 81
FOOTNOTES 91
BIBLIOGRAPHY 92
APPENDIX 95
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
BUILDING USE MAP 5
UNOCCUPIED AREAS 6
ORIGINAL DRAWINGS 10-15
NEWSPAPER ARTICLE 17
ORIGINAL FLOOR PLANS 18-22
PHOTOGRAPHS OF EXTERIOR DETAILS 25,26
PHOTOGRAPHS OF INTERIOR DETAILS 26,27,28
EXISTING FLOOR PLANS 29-32
STUCTURAL ANALYSIS 33-36
LOCATION ANALYSIS MAP 38,40,42,43,44,45,46,48
PHOTOGRAPH OF THE E.G. LIND LIBRARY, BALTIMORE 49
PHOTOGRAPH OF THE CRANE MEMORIAL LIBRARY, 50
GUINCY, MASS.
DIAGRAM OF THE POOLE PLAN 50
USER FLOW DIAGRAM 55
SPACE RELATIONSHIPS 56
DESIGN PROPSAL DRAWINGS 81-90
DESIGN STANDARDS a= a«
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
This thesis involves an issue that is
relatively recent in concept within our built
environment; one that is gaining in recogni
t ion and importance. That specific issue is
what should be done with historic structures
which were so well designed and constructed
that they have outlived their original func
tions. Traditionally the answer has been to
demolish old, rundown, vacant buildings, re
gardless of what historic character they
possessed, and build new contemporary build
ings. That tradition is slowly being replac
ed by the idea of rehabilitation and adaptive
reuse of these fine old structures. This
idea is spreading beyond the profession of
architecture and is now accepted by many lay
persons as a viable solution to the problem.
Possibly the f irst form of rehabilita
tion involved a preservation attitude. A
building which was the residence of a hist
oric person, or which served a function im
portant in history, was restored to the
historic period for which i t was known and
became a museum of that period. This is, of
course, an essential operation in preserving
relics of some historical event, but i t can
be overdone. Too many museums can be built
and, as a result, lose the attribute of be
ing unique. Also a museum is not the appro
priate choice for all buildings. A building
that was once actively used can lose its
vitality and become stagnant when permanently
unchanged.
The next step in the evolution was adap-
tively reusing historic structures,- largely
for commercial endeavors. Unfortunately, too
often in this process insensitive design de
stroyed the interior character and reolaced
i t with the current trends and fads of
modern commercialism. This enhanced the
vitality of the building but the historic
character was lost.
Through sensitive design and the choice
of an appropriate function for a historic
building, both vitality and historic charac
ter can be retained. By rehabilitating a
building for a public function, the vitality
of usage by people from the community is es
tablished and the influence of commercialism
is removed. The scope of this thesis wil l
be to explore the possibil ity i l lustrated in
the preceding paragraphs, and from them the
following statement is established.
THESIS STATEMENT
THROUGH THE ADAPTION OF AIM APPROPRIATE
CIVIC FUNCTION AND SENSITIVE REDEVELOPMENT OF AN
OUTSTANDING EXAMPLE OF HISTORIC ARCHITECTURE,
THE RESULTING ARCHITECTUAL FORM WILL SERVE AS
A VIABLE CIVIC SPACE AND ALSO MAINTAIN THE
CONTINUITY OF EXPERIENCE FOR THE MEMBERS OF
THE COMMUNITY.
THESIS TOPIC
TO DEMONSTRATE THE PRECEEDING STATEMENT,
MY PROBLEM WILL BE THE ADAPTIVE REUSE OF THE
BUTTE MINER'S UNION HALL [FORMERLY THE SILVER
BOW CLUB] LOCATED IN BUTTE, MONTANA, FOR CIVIC
USE AS A PUBLIC LIBRARY.
The f i r s t pa r t o f t he s t a t emen t e s t a
b l i shes t he p remise t ha t t he chosen new
func t ion mus t be app rop r i a t e and t he r edes ign
be s ens i t i ve . These two i t ems , when hand led
co r r ec t l y , w i l l i n su re t ha t t he impac t o f t he
r edeve lopmen t w i l l have a min ima l e f f ec t on
t he i n t eg r i t y o f t he h i s to r i c cha rac t e r o f
t he bu i ld ing . The cho i ce o f a c iv i c func t ion ,
more spec i f i ca l l y a pub l i c l i b r a ry , w i l l i n
su re t ha t t he bu i ld ing w i l l be i n a c t i ve use
by member s o f t he communi ty wh i l e t he h i s to r
i c cha rac t e r can be p r e se rved wi thou t t he
neces s i t y t o r e tu rn a p ro f i t . The s econd
pa r t o f t he s t a t emen t dea l s wi th p r e se rv ing
t he con t inu i ty o f expe r i ence and i nvo lves
peop le u s ing and en joy ing a bu i ld ing wi th in
i t s con tempora ry pe r iod wh i l e i t i s ma in t a in
ed fo r t he en joymen t o f p r e sen t and fu tu re
gene ra t i ons . I t dea l s w i th t he p remise o f
t he bu i ld ing becoming a l i v ing "h i s to ry
l e s son" , r eca l l i ng a pa s t cu l t u r e and l i f e
s ty l e wh ich w i l l , hope fu l ly , i n s t i l l a s ense
o f i n t e r e s t and c iv i c p r ide in t he un ique
h i s to ry and cha rac t e r t ha t t he communi ty
pos se s se s wh i l e p rov id ing a s e rv i ce t o i t s
u se r s .
I f e e l t he cho ice o f a pub l i c l i b r a ry i s
app rop r i a t e f o r the S i l ve r Bow C lub due t o
t he s imi l a r i t i e s o f spac i a l o rgan i za t i on t ha t
t he bu i ld ing pos se s se s and t hose r equ i r ed in
con tempora ry l i b r a ry p l ann ing . The S i l ve r
Bow C lub con t a in s a number o f l a rge r open
spaces and spaces wh ich cou ld be opened up
f o r accommoda t ion o f s t a cks and r ead ing
a r ea s . I t a l so has sma l l e r , more enc losed
spaces needed t o house p r iva t e o f f i ce s and
work a r ea s . The bu i ld ing pos se s se s a f ee l i ng
o f monumen ta l i t y wh ich i s app rop r i a t e f o r a
pub l i c bu i ld ing such a s a l i b r a ry . Monumen
t a l i t y was a qua l i t y pos se s sed by t he o r i
g ina l Bu t t e Pub l i c L ib ra ry , a symbo l o f
c i v i c p r ide and wea l th f o r a sma l l wes t e rn
c i t y s t rugg l ing fo r r ecogn i t i on a s a g rowing
and p rog re s s ive c i t y . Tha t monumen ta l 1 ty
was l o s t when t he bu i ld ing was de s t royed by
f i r e in t he ea r ly n ine t een s i x t i e s and was
r ep l aced by a more con tempora ry de s ign fo r
t ha t pe iod . By r e tu rn ing t he l i b r a ry t o a
monumen ta l bu i l d ing , t he o r ig ina l symbo l i sm
e s t ab l i shed fo r t he Bu t t e Pub l i c L ib ra ry
wou ld be r e - e s t ab l i shed and t he con t inu i ty
o f expe r i ence o f symbo l i sm wi l l be ma in t a ined .
A l though adap t ive r euse and r ehab i l i t a
t i on i s ga in ing i n popu la r i t y a s an a l t e rna
t i ve to demol i t i on o f h i s to r i c bu i ld ings and
cos t l y new cons t ruc t i on , i t i s no t un ive r
s a l l y accep ted by eve ryone . So f a r i n my
wr i t i ng I have on ly g iven ve ry sub j ec t i ve
r ea sons why t h i s pa r t i cu l a r bu i ld ing shou ld
be saved and why t he Pub l i c L ib ra ry shou ld
be housed t he re , a s an a l t e rna t i ve t o a new
f ac i l i t y . I t a l so seems neces sa ry t o j u s t i fy
a p ro j ec t o f t h i s type f rom a p ragma t i c v i ew
po in t . O the r i s sues such a s p r ac t i ca l i t y o f
c i t y p l ann ing , e conomics , ene rgy , and h i s to r
i ca l s ign i f i cance shou ld be add re s sed .
To adequa t e ly s e rve t he l i t e r a ry needs
o f Bu t t e S i l ve r Bow r e s iden t s , t he L ib ra ry
shou ld doub le i t s p re sen t s i ze , e i t he r by an
expans ion o f t he p re sen t bu i ld ing o r by mov
i ng t o a l a rge r bu i ld ing . I f t he cho i ce fo r
a new f ac i l i t y were made , t he mos t l og i ca l
p l ace fo r i t w i th in t he c i t y wou ld be i n i t s
present district, Uptown Butte. Most govern
mental functions of Butte-Silver Bow are
located together on the northwest corner of
the C.B.D. The existing Butte Public Library
is located two blocks south of the local
government buildings. The Silver Bow Club
building occupies a corner of the government
al area, east of the courthouse and south of
the jail. This suggests that it is the most
advantageous site in the Uptown Area for the
new library, as i t would locate all govern
mental activities in one area, and would re
inforce the northwest corner of the C.B.D.
as a true civic center.
Due to recent large, devastating fires
in Uptown Butte, ample land exists for new
construction in addition to 700,000 square
feet of unoccupied useable floor space. A
precedent should be established to find uses
and occupancies for the vacant spaces before
any major new construction is considered.
Local government can take a step in this
direction by setting an example of adaptive
reuse for its new library; possibly a chain
reaction would be started. This has happened
in many of other cities around the country.
Several economic advantages for adaptive
reuse, especially by local government, can
be cited. In my research I have encountered
several studies on the cost of rehabilitation
versus new construction. No iniform pattern
of construction cost saving can be establish
ed but, evaluated on an individual case
basis, savings of 25% to 33% have been
achieved. The savings can be attributed to
shorter construction periods, shorter con
struction loans at lower interest rates, and
less local neighborhood opposition to new
construction.
Other attractive econimic incentives for
a local government to undetake a rehabilita
tion project would be funding in the form of
preservation grants and loans, thus lessening
some of the burden upon the taxpayers of
Butte-Silver Bow. Finally, in a strong labor
town such as Butte, the fact that most of the
construction cost is labor intensive is very
attractive, with the prospect of benefiting
the local economy in the form of wages to the
members of local labor organizations.
In view of the changing public conscious
ness toward energy conservation, the destruc
tion, or even vacancy, of a viable old build
ing can be considered wasteful in terms of
energy: production of new materials, con
struction, demolition and maintenance. If a
historic structure can support a new use,
then the destruction of the building produces
energy waste in the form of the energy expend
ed to produce the building's materials and
its construction, the energy expended in the
destruction of the building, and finally the
energy expended to produce new materials for
new construction. Also, studies on twelve
inch thick masonry walls, such as that of
the Silver Bow Club, have shown that with
proper insulation extremely good heat gain
and loss cycles can be achieved. Those walls
would retain and store heat from the sun by
day and release it at night when i t is needed
Addressing the issue of why this parti-
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cular building should be saved, one must turn
to its significance within the historical
development of Butte. To provide a context
for this significance, a brief explanation
of the history of Butte and the development
of its character is included here.
HISTORY OF BUTTE
in tne summer of 1864, four men, namely
Budd Parker, D. All ison and Joseph and James
Ester, while crossing western Montana in
search of new gold f ields came to a spot on a
creek which they described as "a bend of a
stream which forms a perfect f igure of a
gracefully curved Indian bow, and, from the
mountain peaks which surround the valley, the
glistening waters of the si lver bow etched
in a shimmering sheen upon a dark ground of
fuzzy grassy form a striking feature of the
landscape." The small creek was dubbed
Silver Bow. The four prospectors then esta
blished a camp precisely at this spot and be
gan practicing their chosen occupation.
When news of their successful placer panning
spread, many prospectors established camps
along the creek and farther to the east where
the creek meandered across the f lat of a
narrow valley. The northwest boundary of
this valley was established by a lone, steep-
sided, hi l l with a f lat top, known as a butte.
These events marked the beginning of
mining activity in the Butte-Silver Bow dis
tr icts and the birth of a city that would
eventually become one of the most colorful
of western cit ies. In the winter of 1864 a
store was built in Butte and a new town be
gan. Placer activity continued but declined
in 1867 due to shallow diggings and remote
ness from a good water source. In 1875
Will iam Farlin discovered a si lver lead in
his Travona mine. He began to extract the
silver and, in order to treat the raw ore,
established the Dexter mil l . Soon after
other quartz si lver mines were developed and
mil ls constructed, sparking a rebirth of
mining activity in Butte and stimulating new
growth. For a short t ime Butte held the dis
tinction of being Montana's primary Silver
District. An influx of miners and a boom in
building occured, not unlike other boom towns
of Western Montana. Population rose and i t
appeared as though a permanent city es
tablished itself. Unfortunately, the nation
wide Panic of 1893 threatened to devastate
Butte in the west. Population fell sharply
and Butte almost perished. Salvation appear
ed in the form of a red metal whcih was f irst
discoverd as being present in the Butte hi l l
in 1882. As si lver production fell, emphasis
was shifted to the extraction of copper from
the mountain. As a result, Butte was saved
for the second t ime within three decades.
Originally the red metal extracted from
Butte had to be hauled to the railyards of
Salt Lake City for shipment to distant points
such as Newar , Baltimore, and even Wales and
Germany to be processed. A few very shrewd
entreprenuers such as W. A. Clark and Marcus
Daly foresaw the potential of mining produc
tion on the Butte Hil l , complete from extrac
tion of the ore to processing of i t on the
spot. They invested their money not only in
mining interests but also constructed concen
trators and smelters for refining the ore.
This aspect of complete production of copper
metal established Butte as a major mining cen
ter in the west and insured the permanency of
the city.
Butte experienced an era of rapid popula
t ion growth. I t grew from a marginal placer
town in 1864 to a town with a population of
50,000 in 1885 to a major western city of
65,000 people by 1900. Many of those who
came to work in the underground were immi
grants from Europe and Asia, thus creating a
"melting pot" of cit izens who desperately
clung to their individual cultures and cust
oms. They traditionally worked, played, and
fought with each other, and in doing so, es
tablished the unique^character for which
Butte became famous.'
Typical of a western mining town, remote
from the "civi l ization" of the east, and de
void of any organized law and order agency,
Butte was a rough city, infamous for i ts
saloons, gambling dens, and brothels. Not
only the immigrant came to Butte to earn his
fortune, but also the wealthy from the east,
attracted by the seemingly endless riches
the Butte Hil l had to offer. Just as the
immigrants fought to preserve their cultures,
the rich sought to maintain the l i festyles
they had enjoyed in the east. They brought
with them a desire for culture and the arts.
Adjacent to the saloons, dens of sin, and
meager shanties of the working class, arose
magnificent mansions, elegant theatres,
splendid lodge halls, and huge commercial
buildings. Both worlds coexisted in close
proximity to one another on the side of a
mountain from which both drew their existence
As the population reached 65,000 in 1900
Butte established itself as a major Western
City. In spite of i ts size i t sti l l possess
ed the characteristics of a small boom town.
The best word to describe i ts character at
that period is contrast. I t possessed the
best and the worst of the world, the rich and
the poor, the beautiful and the ugly. Beauti
ful cathedrals and churches existed near the
cribs where morphine-addicted women sold them
selves to support their drug habits. I t was
a place where the rich became richer or join
ed the ranks of the poor through bad invest
ments, l iquor or drug addiction. I t also was
a place where the poor became poorer by
squandering their earnings in the saloons,
gambling dens, brothels, and burlesque thea
tres. But i t was also a place for the poor
to raise themselves beyond the poverty level
by either shrewdness or through pure luck.
I t was a place of ugly mine waste dumps, slag
piles, and smoke f i l led air surrounded by
beautiful, tree covered, mountains. George
Wesley Davis, in his 1921 book Sketches of
Butte, describes his f irst impression of r
Butte as "horror by day, a joy by night."
To some degree Butte is sti l l l ike that
today. The same contrasts have survived
throughout the years, giving i t a sense of
uniqueness found nowhere else. The copper
king has been replaced by the wealthy company
executive, but the poor hard rock miners are
sti l l there. The large, beautiful churches
and fraternal halls sti l l stand along with
the bars, brothels, and gambling halls. Now
i t is the ugliness of a huge open pit mine
that contrasts with the same tree covered,
snow capped mountains.
HISTORY OF THE SILVER BOW CLUB
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The character of Butte seems to be t ime
less. Litt le has changed since i ts early
heyday of the 1900's including the urban
fabric. Much of the architecture erected in
the period from 1905 to 1920 st i l l stands
today, serving as Butte's most viable commer
cial building. Each of these buildings, the
famous and infamous al ike, has contributed
individually to the uniqueness of Butte and
deserves to be saved to keep that tradit ion
al i ve.
The Silver Bow Club serves as an excell
ent example. The tradit ion of the private
men's social club traveled west with the
eastern wealthy men who came to profit from
the riches in the west. The Silver Bow Club
was the f irst of i ts kind to be organized in
Butte but was preceded by the Pioneer Club
and the Rocky Mountain Club in Helena. On
October 22, 1882, Copper King W. A. Clark
and A. W. Barnard, M. J. Connell, and M. R.
Brownlee organized the institution, patterned
after the men's clubs of the east. At f irst
the club was satisf ied with modest quarters
on the fourth f loor of the Lewisohn Building,
corner of Granite and Hamilton Streets in
Butte's business distr ict. At this location
the club had the dist inction of entertaining
such notable people as J. P. Morgan and
Henry H. Rogers of Standard Oil. As member
ship and personal wealth of the members grew,
along with envy of the Montana Club's grand
new building in Helena, a desire for their
own club building arose. In 1905 the members
secured property on Granite and Alaska
Streets, just east of the Silver Bow County
Courhouse, and engaged the newly established
design f irm of J. G. Link and C. S. Haire,
both members of the club, to design the
club's new headquarters. The design was com
pleted and plans were approved in May of
1906. Construction began that same year and
was expected to be completed by February 1,
1907. Due to several str ikes among the craft
unions, the building was not ready for occu
pancy unti l January 1, 1908 at a f inal cost
of $150,000.
In announcing the completion of the
building, the "Butte Miner" ran a half-page
art icle describing i ts exterior and interior
in infinite detai l , along with the history
of the organization and picture of the new
building. The paper labeled the design as
being "an adaption of the American Renaiss
ance and art-nouveau styles." Also the
paper mentions the Columbus sandstones used
on the f irst f loor, the heavy copper cornice
which ends the building vert ical ly, and the
port ico of Ludoiwici t i le above the Alaska
Street entrance.
Originally the basement level was occu
pied by the off ices of the Butte Water Com
pany, with a private entrance fronting on
Granite Street. The remainder of that f loor
contained servants quarters, coal, boiler,
and storage rooms.
As one ascended the steps from Granite
Street and passed through the oak doors he/
she was confronted by a vestibule area. The
f loor, walls, and six steps were of white
marble with wall and ceil ing panels of paint
ed leather. After going up the six marble
THE BUTTE MINER, DECEMBER SS, 1907
PACE SS
co ld
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KITCHEN t
din ing room
PAIMTRY
Dir i ING
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ORIGINAL BUILDING
MAIN FLOOR
steps and through another set of oak doors,
the Main Hall was the first room encountered.
It served as both a circulation point to all
rooms on that floor as a lounging room. It
had a large fireplace of flazed ti le and terra
cotta with a copper hood and a painting of an
old English archery scene above it. The
floors were oak and had woven rugs covering
them.
This floor also contained the main office,
ladies reception room of ivory and gold, mens
room, reading room, and stranger's room. To
the north of the hall was the grand dining
room with its green and red grained woodwork,
seven foot wainscouting and hand painted
friezes. To the west of i t was a smaller
private dining room decorated with Japanese
motif. Both dining rooms were serviced from
a kitchen, cold storage area and serving pan
try. A stairway in the kitchen led to the
servant's quarters in the basement.
Access to the second floor was gained
by the main stairway of quarter-sawn oak. As
on the first floor, a large hall served for
circulation and lounging, and extended out to
the open balcony above the main entrance.
This hall was decorated with green wood and
Spanish leather, and also contained a large
fire place. It served as access to the
library on the southeast corner, card room,
on the west, and bill iard room on the north.
The bar room was in the northeast corner and
could be reached from both card and bill iard
rooms. The bar had nine foot wainscoating
with a hard painted border of grape vines
above it. The oak back bar featured a hand
carved inscription stating "If this be true
as I do think, there are five reasons why we
should drink. Good friends, good wine, and
being dry, or lest we shall be bye and bye,
or any other reason why." A bove the bar,
panels of leaded and stained glass were
backed by 123 incadescent l ights. This glass
matched the stained glass windows in the west
wal 1.
The third floor contained twenty two
private apartments for members' use. All
four floors were serviced by an automatic
birdcage elevator adjacent to the stairway.
George N. Smith of Butte was the contractor
for the building. The decorations, furni
ture, and furnishes were from the W. A.
French and Company of St. Paul. All of the
friezes were painted by John Weberg of St.
Paul.
The members of the Silver Bow Club en
joyed their building until 1932. The Depre
ssion destroyed many of the members finan
cially, as it did other people nationwide.
On December 1, 1932, the Silver Bow Club
was sold at sheriff 's sale to the Monida
Trust Corporation for $52,000. Under the
Monida Trust a few alterations occured as
functions changed, mainly to leased office
space. The kitchen and dining room remained
in operation retained the name of the Silver
Bow Club Dining Room. This continued until
1940 when the Butte Miners Union, Local #1
purchased the building. Later that same
year, as the independent Butte Local became
part of the International Brotherhood of
Steel Workers, the building was sold to the
J
ORIGINAL
SECOND
1 M
BUILDING
FLOOR
International for $1.00.^
The Miner's Union has occupied the build
ing since 1940, with an office on the first
floor in the former reading room. The rest
of the first and second floors have been sub
divided and are rented as office space to
other unions. The dining room and bill iard
rooms are used as meeting halls. The third
floor apartments are now rented to private in
dividua!s.
ANALYSIS OF EXISTING BUILDING CONDITIONS
ANALYSIS OF EXISTING BUILDING CONDITIONS
The exterior of the building stands
much as it did after completion in 1908.
Most of the windows on the south and west
sides of the first floor have been removed
and replaced with industrial glass block.
The stability of the heavy copper cornice is
questionable. The cornice will have to be
reinforced. Some of the glass panels on the
entrance canopy have been removed or broken.
Two neon signs have been added, one attached
to the entrance canopy bearing the name
, !Butte Miner's Union", and another cantile
vering from the southeast corner of the
bui1di ng.
The space once used by the Butte Water
Company in the basement has been divided into
smaller office space and is now occupied by a
CPA and an attorney. The remainder of the
basement remains vacant. The building is
still heated by the original coal fired,
steam boiler which has been converted to
natural gas. The boiler was cast by I.
Kruger and Company of Butte in 1907 and bears
that inscription. Although still operable,
the boiler does not work efficiently and
should be retired. The original main electri
cal control box is also still in service. It
contains the old lever type switches with
giant cartridge fuses and modern as well as
antique electrical meters. The black box
has the inscription "The Silver Bow Club,
1907" painted on it in gold lettering. The
boiler room has a concrete floor and panjoist
roof, thus isolating it from the rest of the
MARQUE SUPPORT
structure.
The entry vestibule is virtually un
changed. The marble steps and wall covering
are still in good condition as are the leath
er wall and ceiling panels, which will need
only mild restoration, such as cleaning. The
heavy oak swinging doors are showing signs of
age and will need extensive restoration. The
main hall fireplace still retains its copper
hood and the brick work appears to be in ex
cellent shape. A trophy case has been added
to the mantle, blocking from view the archery
scene painted on the plaster above the mantle.
The original entrance to the Reading Room was
ten feet wide and was defined by wood on
either side and triangular pediment above.
This passageway has been infilled by a plast
er wall up to a height of four feet. Above
this partial partition is a narrow band of
clear glass and a larger area of frosted
glass completes the infill. The clear
glass band is covered by a brass screen which
was moved from the original Silver Bow Club
o-fice. The room is now entered through a
doorway cut into the original Stranger's
Room. The Reading Room is now occupied by
the Butte Miner's Union. The original office
is presently vacant. The glass has been re
placed by modern glass panels. The original
safe remains intact in this room. What was
once a narrow corridor separating the rooms
on the west side of the first floor and the
main hall has been partitioned in several
spots. This corridor originally had two ten
foot entrances from the hall to it, but they
have been infilled and now contain smaller
three foot doors. All rooms on this side
LOBBY FIREPLACE
have been stripped of their original decor
and have been-either painted or paneled.
With the exception of a squeaky floor, the
hall remains in excellent condition, retain
ing much of its character. The original
chandeliers remain, as do the wooden ceiling
beams. Surprisingly, the woodwork in this
heavily used area is in good condition.
Possibly the worst destruction of hist
oric character of the entire building occured
in the dining room. The kitchen and serving
room have been removed, producing one large
space. The seven foot wains - coating and
ceiling trim has been painted a solid beige
color. The structural columns have been
stripped of their ornamental wood coverings.
Some of the paintings on the south wall have
been removed and placed on the walls where the
kitchen once existed.
The large main hall on the second floor
has been decreased by partition to provide
for office space. The ten foot wide entrances
to the library and card rooms have been in
filled. Both these rooms have been paneled.
The fireplace and brickwork in the lounge
are in good condition. A linoleum tile floor
has been added to the lounge and bar. Other
than the new floor, the bar remains virtually
unchanged. The billiard room woodwork is un
touched but the plaster has been painted in
shades of purple and maroom. A stage has
been added on the east wall. The alcove
fireplace is missing its copper hood.
The third floor apartments have been con
verted into fourteen private apartments, most-
ALCOVE FIREPLACE
1y occupied by e lder ly people . Evidence of
heavy water damage f rom a leaky roof can be
seen on th is f loor .
The bui ld ing 's s ta i rway of quar ter -sawn
oak i s showing s igns of years of heavy use
but i s not beyond reasonable res tora t ion.
Next to the s ta i rs in an enclosed shaf t i s
the or ig inal open bi rd cage e levator by Ot is .
The e levator i s s t i l l operable but should be
replaced. Other exi ts include the Alaska
s t ree t door , the rear door , and pr ivate
off ice entrance off Grani te S t reet .
The s t ructure of the bui ld ing consis ts
of 12" masonry load bear ing exter ior wal ls
wi th some load bear ing in ter ior wal ls in the
basement . Al l foot ings for the bui ld ing are
concrete re inforced wi th two 12" cas t i ron
I-beams. The in ter ior sub-s t ructure i s a
gr id of 12" cas t i ron I-beams running hor i
zonta l ly in both d i rect ions suppor ted by
s tee l p ipe columns concealed in the wal ls .
The f loor and ce i l ing jo is ts are 2x16 's , 16"
on center . The roof s t ructure i s made of
wood t russes bui l t of 2x10 's , p laced 16" on
center and res t ing on 36" wooden p la te g i rd
ers . The bui l t -up roof has been replaced
wi thin the pas t year , e l iminat ing the leakage
problem on the th i rd f loor .
The s t ructure i s in very good condi t ion
and seems extermely s table . I t would only
need upgrading to meet bui ld ing codes and
energy s tandards , thus reducing to a minimum
the por t ion of the budget needed for upgrad
ing and s tabi l iza t ion of the s t ructure . The
greates t e f for t , t ime and money wi l l need to
be spent on res tora t ion and preservat ion of
the in ter ior character
DOORKNOBS STAIRWAY
VAC AI\J 7
EXISTING BUILDING
BASEMENT
MEETING ROOM
OFFICE
WC
WC
1 OFFICE
EXISTING BUILDING
MAIN FLOOR
II
14 iHi
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OFFIC
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OFFICE OFFICE
BUILDING
EXISTING BUILDING
THIRD FLOOR
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STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS l\l
BEAMS'
2. x IL J015TS
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STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS l^\l
2Lxl^ J0|5ft &
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STRUCTUAL ANALYSIS
THIRD FLOOR
BUILDING STATISTICS
BASEMENT
FIRST FLOOR
SECOND FLOOR
THIRD FLOOR
GROSS
7744
7744
7488
6888
TOTAL 29864
FT. NET USEABLE SQ. FT.
7380
7380
7120
6608
28492
LOCATION ANALYSIS
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SITE"ANALYSIS
Legal Description: Blocks 16, 17 18 original
townsite.
Gross Square Footage: 12,285 square feet.
Location: The northwest corner of Granite
and Alaska Street, Butte, Montana.
Context: The building is located east of the
Silver Bow County Courthouse and immediate
ly south of the County Jail. Across Alaska
Street stands a two story building which
currently houses an automobile dealership.
Behind the dealership is the four story
Sull ivan Building (formerly Murray Build
ing), an interesting brick structure which
has a canti levered walkway around the
fourth f loor.
Immediately across Granite Street is
a vacant lot, the site of the former Lenox
Hotel. To the west of this gap is the
Carpenters Union Hall, a three story brick
building of the same period as the Silver
Bow Club. West of the Carpenters Union
Hall building is a small wood framed duplex
and the new Courthouse Grocery. To the
east of the Lenox Hotel lot is the historic
Butte Water Company building, built at the
same t ime as the Silver Bow Club for the
Independent Telephone Company. Beyond the
Butte Water Company Building are other
historic buildings such as the Hartford
Insurance Building, and the Casey Block.
Conclusions: The Silver Box Club ex
ists in a historic district and is
surrounded by many buildings which were
built in the same time period. Nothing
should be done which would destroy that
fabric, and anything done to the exterior
should enhance the fabric surrounding the
building.
Views: The f irst floor views on all sides of
the building are l imited to traff ic, park
ing, vacant lots, backs of buildings of
adjacent blocks and alleys. The north and
west side views are undesirable, while the
south and east views can be considered
marginal.
The upper f loors rise above the
street and tops of most surrounding build
ings, providing more of a panorama of the
valley to the south, the historic Central
Business District to the east, and the
historic mining district to the north.
Conclusions: View is very important
for visual relief for the users of a
l ibrary. The more desirable the view, the
more pleasurable the experience of using
the building. This seems to indicate that
the functions where the most intense read
ing and studying would take place should
be on the upper f loors and those requiring
less concentration should be on the lower
f loors. The functions that require l i t t le
or no view could be located on the parking
and alley sides of the building.
Nuisances: The nuisances surrounding the
building can be broken down into three
different categories: visual, audible,
and olefactory.
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Audible: The main audible nuisance
is that of traff ic from surrounding
streets. Montana Street is one block away
and is a major northwest traff ic artery in
the city but presents no major problems
due to dissipation of sound over distance
and by surrounding buildings. Granite
Street is a secondary two lane east-west
street carrying traff ic from the center
of the C.B.D. to Montana Street. This
presents the most severe noise problem.
Alaska Street presents l i t t le noise pro
blem.
Conclusions: The most severe noise
problem has been pinpointed as traff ic
noise from Granite Street. This suggests
that consideration be given to attenuating
functions placed on this side of building.
Another consideration would be to place
functions on this side of the building in
which undesirable noise would have no
effect upon the user of the function.
Visual: The visual d . strations
were covered under the section on views.
Olefactory: The unuesirable olefac-
tory problem that exists in the immediate
surroundings is that from the diesel ex
haust coming from the bus station on the
next block to the south. Fortunately,
this problem exists infrequently and only
on very cold, clear days. I t can be
handled through f i l tration of the air in
troduced into the building for venti lat ion
Circulation and Traff ic Patterns: The build
ing is one block from Montana Street, a
major north-south arterial. I t fronts on
Granite Street, a secondary two-lane
street carrying traff ic from Montana
Street to the center of the C.B.D. Alaska
Street is a very infrequently used ter
t iary street which parallels the building.
Conclusions: Vehic ular access to
the building is adequate. Service to the
rear can be handled by access from Alaska
Street.
Pedestrian Movement: The building
is located along a major pedestrian path
from the governmental center to the C.B.D.
and from the governmental center to park
ing lots to the north, making i t conveni
ent for the pedestrian to uti l ize the
building.
Micro Climate:
Solar: The Granite Street side of
the building is oriented to the south,
providing good natural l ight to this side
of the building while also introducing a
heat gain problem. Special consideration
wil l have to be given to some method of
reducing the amount of sun al lowed to come
through these large windows on the south
side of the building without interrupting
the character of this facade. The mass
of the courthouse to the west adequately
shades the building from undesirable late
afternoon sun, year round.
Wind: Prevail ing storm winds in
Butte are from the north and west. The
mass of the courthouse to the west and the
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jai l to the north serve as protection from
the cold winds in these two directions,
thus al leviating much of the problem.
Other Characterist ics;
Centennial Square Concept: The
building is presently included in develop
mental plan produced by the Butte Silver
Bow Planning Commission known as the Cen-
Tennial Square Concept. This plan esta
blishes a central ization of governmental
functions focusing on the courthouse.
The plan includes the Silver Bow Club as
conversion to the public l ibrary, conver
sion of the old f ire station on Quartz
Street to an archives, conversion of the
Christ ian Science Church on Montana Street
to a performing arts center, and conver
sion of the house of the f irst mayor of
Butte as a tourist information center.
Zoning: The building is zoned C-3-
Central Commercial; imposing no restric
t ions.
Uti1it ies: The building is currently
serviced Metro-Sewer, electricity and
natural gas by the Montana Power Company,
and water by the Butte Water Company.
Isolation: The building is complete
ly independent of surrounding structures.
This is important to l ibrary planning in
the event of f ire in an adjacent building.
Proximity: The building is presently
located f ive blocks from the nearest f ire
and police station, seven blocks from
Butte High School, three blocks from
Central High School, and is on the fr inge
of the C.B.D. The close proximity gives
a variety of users good access to the
building and al lows a quick response t ime
by police and f ire personnel in case of
emergency.
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PROGRAMING
PROGRAMMING VARIABLES
The following is a summary of the ele
ments which must be taken into account in
the design of a l ibrary. They range from
the philosophy of planning to the require
ments the various mechanical and electrical
systems need to provide.
Planning: Historically three precedents
were established in the 1880's for the plan
ning of public l ibraries. The f irst type was
the cathedral form which had a very high
ceil ing in the reading room with balconies
of stacks along the walls. I t was visually
impressive but proved to be distracting to
readers, created more work for staff members,
was hard to keep properly l i t , and was de
structive for the volumes due to heat buildup
in the upper levels. The next type was uti l
ized by H. H. Richardson in his l ibraries.
This consisted of a centralized reading room
l ined with alcoves of book stacks, often two
t iers high and, in a few instances, three
t iers high. The alcove system shared many
of the same problems with the cathedral form,
such as high ceil ings, diff icult vertical
transportation of books, and poor l ighting.
This system, however, was more eff icient from
a departmentalization viewpoint and could
possibly be appropriate for a contemporary
solution. The third type proved to be the
most popular and was used as the basis of
l ibrary planning for years. This plan con
sisted of a series of rooms, each room hous
ing a different department and private read
ing area. Although popular, this system was
From: AMERICAN BUILDINGS
AND THEIR ARCHITECTS: vol. 3
Will iam H. Jordy, page 322.
an extravagant use of space and was extremely
costly.
Currently the trend seems to involve a
large open space with reading areas integrat
ed among the stacks. Books are departmental
ized and separated by the arrangement of the
stacks. Children have a special area but are
not separated from the adult section by per
manent partit ions but by the arrangement and
location of the area itself. This format
seems to be a simpler solution more easily
understood by a large number of people. It
also allows better surveillance of the entire
facil ity by the circulation staff. The child
ren have their own area but should feel apart
of the whole facil ity and not hidden away in
the basement.
The open plan format is the most accept
able to the Library Board and staff members.
This format should be the one followed in the
design as much as the existing structure will
allow it. Some adaptation may occue in the
favor of the preservation of some aspect of
historic character.
In looking at the planning of more spe
cific areas such the stacks, research indi
cates that adequate space should be provided
for movement of both users and book trucks.
The arrangement of the stacks should be in
some form of a l inear, consecutive sequence
that is easily understood. The existing
column grid of the structure is 22' indicat
ing that a three foot center to center shelf
spacing should be used. This will average ^
10 volumes/sq. ft. and 7.14 volumes/lin. ft.
From: AMERICAN BUILDINGS
AND THEIR ARCHITECTS; vol. 3
Jordy, page 324.
SECTION A-A
Jordy, page 325
For reading areas, a variety of environ
ments and work spaces should be provided,
ranging from private carrels to multi-person
tab les, The i l lustrations provide standards
for dimensions.
I l lumination: I l lumination is composed
of both natural and articicial l ight sources.
Natural l ighting, although possessing disad
vantages such as inflexibil i ty in planning,
heat gain, coldness, glare, and variations in
intensity, must be provided for psychological
reasons. Windows must exist because the
human eye needs distant, visual relief peri
odically to prevent strain. Artif icial l ight
must exist to reinforce natural l ight and to
allow the facil i ty to be used after dark.
The quality of artif icial l ight is also i jgre
easily controlled than is natural l ight.
In the design of artif icial l ight for
l ibraries the quality of l ight is more'impor
tant than the quantity. Quality of l ight is
defined as being without glare, reflection,
shadows on the working surface or great con
trasts. Glare can be reduced by choosing
non-reflective surfaces for furniture, walls,
and f loors. Great contrast is anything above
a 5:1 ratio of reading surface to table top.
Too much contrast is caused by direct sun
l ight with glare and reflections. Sunlight
can be controlled by shading, glare and re
flections eliminated by non-reflective sur
faces. Shadows are caused by too much space
between f ixtures and by objects that obstruct
the l ight. To prevent shadows a general rule
of luminour ceil ings i j^no more than 8-10
feet between f ixtures.
I t is generally more desirable to go
from a lower intensity to a higher intensity,
indicating that vestibule and lobby areas
should be less jgtense than stack, reading,
and work rooms. In general 30-35 fc are
required for 70-80% of al l reading tasks and
is sufficient for stack areas. For general
luminious ceil ings, 70 fc is sufficient.
Noise: Distracting noise in a l ibrary
come from sources both internal and external.
External noise, such as traff ic can be atten
uated by the walls and windows. Internal
noise can be reduced by choice of materials
for f loors and walls. Areas where a louder
audible level is required can be attenuated
by area zoning or by putting them under lower
ceil ings,
Noise produced by mechanical equipment
is acceptable as background noise for masking
undesirable sounds to a level of 30-35 db.
Environment: The minimum temperature
level acceptable for humans is the optimum
level for preserving books, indicating a
general temperature of about 69 degrees + 3
degrees. A person's feet should be warmer
than the head; this can be achieved by having
f loor ] jvel registers and higher cold air re
turns. The mechanical system used in a
l ibrary should be one that wil l heat, cool,
maintain an even level of 50% relative humid
i ty and introduce three to four air changes
per hour.
Electrical Systems: Electrical service
should be designed for f lexibil i ty. I t should
be provided for in both ceil ing for general
luminious l ighting, ancLfloor for portable
task plus-in l ighting.
Fire Protection: A f ire is more l ikely
to start in loose papers surrounded entirely
by oxygen than in a bound volume on a t ightly
packed shelf, therefore, the r isk is not as
great as i t would seem. Books are destroyed
more quickly by water than by smoke, making
sprinkler systems inadvisable. An early
warning smoke detector should be provided
instead of sprinklers so a f ire can be found??
and put out with a minimum amount of damage.
Structure: For 3' by 7' stacks, the
f loor l^d wil l be approximately 150 lbs./
sq. f t .
FACILITY PROGRAM FOR THE BUTTE SILVER BOW
PUBLIC LIBRARY
Genera l Cr i t e r i a :
The Bu t t e S i lve r Bow Pub l i c L ib ra ry wi l l
be a f ac i l i t y tha t wi l l s e rve the educa t iona l ,
i n fo rmat iona l , and l i t e ra ry needs o f t he en
t i r e Coun ty o f S i lve r Bow. The popu la t ion
o f S i lve r Bow Coun ty accord ing to the 1970
Census was 41 ,981 . Es t ima t ions o f fu tu re
popu la t ion a re fo r 46 ,500 in the 1980 census ,
and ove r 50 ,000 by 1990 . In o rde r t o sa t i s fy
fu tu re the needs o f t he peop le o f Bu t t e S i lve r
Bow, t he L ib ra ry Board has e s t ima ted a g ross
number o f vo lumes needed a s be ing 130 ,000 .
A s t a f f o f 20 p ro fess iona l and c l e r i ca l peop le
would be needed fo r the smooth ope ra t ion o f
t he l ib ra ry .
As a po in t o f o rgan iza t ion the bu i ld ing
p rogram can be b roken down i n to the fo l lowing
head ings and sub-head ings .
L ib ra ry Use r Se rv ice Func t ions
1 . Loca t ion o f source p rocess
2 . Re t r i eva l o f source p rocess
3 . Communica t ion o f in fo rmat ion p rocess
4 . Re tu rn o f source p rocess
Suppor t ive Func t ions
Non-suppor t ive func t ions
Spec ia l Cond i t ions
The above ou t l ine i s expanded a s fo l lows :
Reader Se rv ice Func t ions - Reader Se rv ice
Func t ions a re those func t ions which a re
those func t ions which a re d i r ec t ly r e
l a t ed to the p rocess whereby the l ib ra ry
use r f inds wha t he / she needs . Inc luded
in th i s ca tegory would be l i b ra r i an
a s s i s t ance , r ead ing a reas , the s t acks ,
and ca rd ca ta logues . These a reas can
be b roken in to the fo l lowing four ca t e
gor i e s .
1 . Loca t ion o f s e rv ice o f in fo rmat ion - In
a pub l i c l i b ra ry th i s i s done by t he
use r by e i the r r e sea rch ing a ca rd ca t a
logue o r by b rows ing in d i sp lays . For
ca rd ca ta logues a s t andard o f 1 sq . f t . /
1 ,000 ca rds i s r equ i red .
2 . Re t r i eva l o f t he in fo rmat ion - The r e
t r i eva l p rocess i s ca r r i ed ou t by t he
use r in a pub l i c l i b ra ry . The p rocess
invo lves f ind ing and r e t r i ev ing the
des i r ed source f rom the s to rage s t acks .
Adequa te space fo r c i r cu la t ion o f u se r s
and book ca r t s shou ld be p rov ided . The
s t acks shou ld be a r ranged in an o rde r ly
and eas i ly under s t andab le , sequenc ia l
manner .
3 . Communica t ion o f t he in fo rmat ion - User s
o f t he l i b ra ry who a re do ing ex tended
r e sea rch wi l l check the books ou t fo r
s tudy .a t home . However , a subs tan t i a l
po r t ion o f t he communica t ion wi l l t ake
p lace on t he p remises o f t he l ib ra ry
necess i t a t ing the inc lus ion o f r ead ing
a reas . These a reas can be e i the r de
s igna ted l a rge r a reas o r sma l l e r a reas
in t e rming led wi th the s t acks , us ing the
s t acks fo r v i sua l s epa ra t ion . The ex -
elusion of noise and provision of ade
quate quality l ighting in this area are
primary considerations,
4. Return of the information - This func
t ion includes both return of books and
other materials to the return desk and
the return of the materials to their
proper spot in the storage stacks. In
a public l ibrary, the user returns the
books to the control where, in turn, a
staff member returns the book to storage
The Control Area - This area should be in
cluded as part of reader service but
serves a variety of functions, making i t
impossible to categorize. I t serves a
point for checkout of materials, return
of materials, information, and security.
I t needs good visibi l i ty to al l parts
of the l ibrary and should be readily
identif iable by users. Due to i ts
nature i t is a noisy area and should be
sound attenuated as much as possible.
Supportive Functions - Supportive functions
are those areas that are indirectly re
lated to location, retr ieval, communica
t ion, and return processes. They in
clude such things as comfort of users
and staff, administrative off ices, staff
work rooms, and storage spaces.
Non-Supportive Functions - Non-supportive
functions are those that exist within
the faci l i ty but do not relate directly
or indirectly with the location, re
tr ieval, communication, or return pro
cesses. These would include community
meeting rooms and di
Other Areas - Mechanical ,
service and vert ical
play areas.
custodial, delivery,
ci rculation.
USER FLOW DIAGRAM
n a
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kOMMUNI^Af ION
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7.
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3. R£F£R£N^£
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5- T£^H. PR0^£53(Nk AR£A
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6 MOM-fiction 3TA6K5
a noMtAHA Ro^n
10' Af^HJV£i>
l|. i>TAFP U0WN6£
\Z. £HIUPWr£ AR£A
13. n^PiA
IH. R£APIM6 ROOM
IS; ubYIMUlMltY ROOM
i£>. Reaping ROOM
f7- H PftARlAhfc Offl6£
ia 6^^takv
1^' APMINtffRATlori
2.0>OV£KFUDH J>T0ftA6£
2.1- ^w5TOl7lAri
-22- M^HANI^AU
23. ^KY!^ JSMTRAN^
5,
<1
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R.
2.a,
!•••••
^ 23,
•
AREA: CIRCULATION DESK
philosophy* The Circulation Desk is the main control point of the entire facil ity.
Its functions include charging out of books and materials, return of books
and materials, and as the informational center for the facil ity. It should
be adjacent to the main entrance of the l ibrary but enough space should be
allowed between the two for comfort of users. Visability of a large area
is desired as this is also the main security ^oint of the building. Proximity
to the Library Director's Office is desirable for interaction between the two.
REQUIREMENTS: Work stations for 2 staff members.
Storage for cards of charged out materials, money, general supplies, book
trucks.
Shelving for 700 volumes - 200 reserve books, 500 sorting and reshelving.
llluMiNATION: General i l lumination and feature l ighting for displays.
ACOUSTICS: High noise area. Attenuation is required such as a lowered ceil ing.
FLOOR TREATMENT: Carpet
VENTilATiON: -
SDACE REQUIREMENTS: Two work stations 0 150 ft.2/station = 300 ft.2
• Y 700 volumes shelved 0 10 vol./ft. = 70 ft.^
370 f t/
AREA: CARD CATALOG
The card catalog serves as the main informational source for the
ent i re faci l i ty and must have a central locat ion. I t should be
adjacent to the reference area and common work area. I t should
include work space for users copying withdrawn t rays .
REQUIREMENTS: Cards for 150,000 volumes @ 2 cards/volume or 260,000 cards .
Space for four card users .
llluMiNATION: General i l luminat ion
ACOUSTICS: Simple t reatment
flooR TREATMENT : Carpet
VENTI'IATION:
SDACE REQUIREMENTS: Assuming 17" deep t ravs @ 1000/cards/ t ray = 260 t rays ,
r ^ 7-5 ' uni ts 0 12 f t . /uni t ? = 80 f t .«
Space for 4 people @ 30 f t . /person = 120 f t . 0
200 f t .
philosophy:
AREA: READING ROOM
philosophy: In this area current newspapers, periodicals, and paperback fiction are housed.
A variety of seating areas ranging from casual to more serious study should be
provided for. This area has been traditionally in the history of the Butte
library, one of the more well used areas, particularly by the senior members of
the community who congregate there to read the newspapers and to socialize. Due
to its more informal nature it should be in a separate area. This area can also
be used for display. It should be adjacent to the main entrance.
REQUIREMENTS: Newspaper and magazine racks.
Paperback carousels.
Space for 20 people.
Desk for one staff member.
llluMiNATION: General illumination with feature lighting for displays.
ACOUSTICS: More informal area necessitating sepearate area and simple acoustical treatment.
flooR TREATMENT: Carpet
VENTilATiON*. Ventilate for cigarette smoking.
SDACE REQUIREMENTS! Newspapers, magazine, paperbacks = 200 ft.?
• Seating for 20 @ 20 ft. /person = 400 ft.?
1 staff desk @ 60 ft. = 60 ft.0
660 ft.
AREA: NON FICTION STACKS
philosophy: This area will be the single largest collection in the facility. Integrated
with the stacks will be seating for 40 people on both tables and chairs, and
carrel!s. Approximately 50% of the entire collection will be housed in this
area. The area should be flexible for easy arrangement.
REQUIREMENTS: 47,700 volumes
Seating for 40 people
llluMiNATlON: General i l lumination overall with capability of task lighting over seating areas
ACOUSTICS: Simple treatment.
flooR TREATMENT: Carpet
VENTllATiON: -
SDACE REQUIREMENTS: 47>700 v°lum« @ 10 voWft.2 = 4,770 ft.^
• Seatinq for 40 @ 30 ft. /person = 1,200 ft.0
5,970 ft.
AREA: FICTION STACKS
philosophy: The Fiction stacks have the same requirements as the non-fiction.
REQUIREMENTS: 47,700 volumes
Seating for 40 people
llluiVliNATION: General illumination overall with capacity for task lighting over seating areas
ACOUSTICS: Simple treatment
FLOOR TREATMENT: Carpet
VENTilATiON*.
SDACE REQUIREMENTS: 47,700 volumes @ 10 vol?/ft.2 = 4,770 ft2
Seating for 40 @ 30 ft. /person = 1,200 ft.o
5,970 ft.
AREA: LARGE TYPE SECTION
philosophy: This is a relatively new addition to the collection and will house a very
small portion of the collection. It should be designed for those people who
are visually impaired. Shelves must not be above or below eye level. It
should be adjacent or in close proximity to the audio media center.
REQUIREMENTS: 2000 volumes
No seating.
Materials housed in separate area but not necessarily in separate toom.
Proximity to media center.
llluMiNATION: General i l lumination.
ACOUSTICS: Simple treatment.
flooR TREATMENT: Carpet
VENTilATiON*. -
SpACE REQUIREMENTS: 2000 volumes @ 10 vol./ft.2 = 200 ft.2
AREA: MONTANA AREA
philosophy* This area is concerned primarily with artifacts, documents, and references
to local and state history. It does not need to be a different room but
should occupy a unique area. Also displays of art could be shown in this
room. Due to the storage of valuable materials in this room, i t is a high
security area, making visibility essential. This area needs to be adjacent
to the reference area.
REQUIREMENTS• 3000 volumes
Seating for 12 people
llluMiNATION: General i l lumination with feature display lighting
ACOUSTICS: Simple treatment
flooR TREATMENT: Carpet
VENTl'lATiON: -
SDACE REQUIREMENTS: 3000 volumes @ 10 vol./ft.2 = 300 ft.
Seating for 12 @ 30 ft. /person = 360 ft.
660 ft.
AREA: RARE BOOKS/SPECIAL COLLECTIONS/ARCHIVES
This area is somewhat of a restricted access area. It is mainly concerned
with the security of rare and valuable books, maps, photographs, drawings,
documents, etc. It should be an enclosed, high security area. Seating area
can overlap with seating in other areas.
philosopHy:
REQUIREMENTS: 2500 volumes @ 10 ft./volume
llluMiNATlON: General illumination
ACOUSTICS: Simple treatment
flooR TREATMENT: Carpet
VENTilATiON: -
SPACE REQUIREMENTS: 2500 volumes @ 10 ft./volume = 250 ft.
AREA: MEDIA CENTER
This area contains storage and audio equipment for all nonprint materials.
These include films, types, and records. Equipment should include 8 carrells;
2 with turntables. Three prong outlets would be needed for equipment. The use
of headphones will avoid the sound isolation problem. Proximity to children's
area and Reading Room is desirable. Also control of microfilm and storage of
microfilm.
REQUIREMENTS: 8 carrells, 6 table/chairs
1 staff without permanent work station
llluMiNATlON: Task l ighting
ACOUSTICS: Simple treatment with'use of head phones
flooR TREATMENT: Carpet
VENTilATiON: -
SDACE REQUIREMENTS: 8 carrells ? 45 ft.J/c|rrell = 360 ft J
• 6 table/chair @ 35 ft. /unit = 210 ft.2
Equipment storage = 420 ft.
990 sq. ft.
philosophy:
AREA: CHILDREN'S AREA
philosophy: This area will house all of the books specifically written for children and other
materials up to the juvenile level. A story tell ing space is necessary and adult
supervision is necessary with work space for the supervisor. Consideration should
be given to the scale of children in heights of counters and shelves, as well as
furni ture.
REQUIREMENTS' 1 staff with work station
10,000 volumes
Seating for 24 children
llluiVliNATlON: General i l lumination
ACOUSTICS: Lowered ceil ing for scale and acoustical control
flooR TREATMENT: Carpet
VENTIIATION: -
SDACE REQUIREMENTS: I Staff work stat ion,!? 150 sq. f t . /s tat ion = 150 f t .?
" ^ 10,000 @ 10 vo l . / f t . ? = 1000 f t . ,
Seatinq for 24 @ 25 Ft. /child = 600 ft.0
1750 ft.
AREA: REFERENCE
philosophy • This area is concerned with the research and informational service of the library,
The area should be conclusive to concentration and study. The area should be ad
jacent to the non-fiction area.
REQUIREMENTS: 5000 volumes
Seating for 12
2 staff work stations
illuiwiNATiON: General lighting
ACOUSTICS: High noise room, sound attenuation needed.
flooR TREATMENT: Carpet
VENTilATiON: -
SDACE REQUIREMENTS: 5000 volumes @ 10 vol./ft.2 500 ft.?
2 work stations @ 150 ft. /station 300 ft.?
Seating for 12 @ 30 ft, /person 360 ft.P
1160 ft/
AREA: TECHNICAL PROCESSING AREA
This area is generally for the ordering, receiving, and repair of books
and materials. Due to the receiving function it should be located near a
service entrance. This is a non-public area. It is a designated smoking
area.
philosophy'-
<4
REQUIREMENTS: Staff work stations for 4 people
Shelving for 800 volumes
Storage space
llluMiNATION: Task l ighting
ACOUSTICS: Simple treatment
flooR TREATMENT: Carpet
VENTilATiON: Ventilate for smoking
SDACE REQUIREMENTS: work stations ® 1|0 ft.^/station = 600 ft.f
• ^ 800 volumes @ 10 vol./ft. 80 ft.«
Storage 50 ft.0
730 ft.2
AREA: COMMON WORK AREA
This area is used by staff members from reference, childrens, circulation,
secretary departments. The function of the work room would be for typing,
display work, copying, layout work and general supply storage. It is an area
not accessible to the public. It is also a designated smoking area.
philosophy:
REQUIREMENTS: Work stations for 4 staff members.
Shelving for 300 volumes.
Storage of equipment.
llluMiNATION: Task lighting
ACOUSTICS: Simple treatment
flooR TREATMENT: Carpet
VENTil.ATiONt Ventilate for smoking.
SDACE REQUIREMENTS: 4 work stations @ 150 ft.^/station 2 600 ft.?
Shelving for 300 volumes @ 10 vol./ft. = 30 ft.?
S t o r a g e 2 0 0 f t . ?
830 ft.
AREA: ADMINISTRATION AREA
philosophy: This area includes an office for the library director and work space for a
secretary/bookkeeper. The secretary should be accessible by both staff and
public. Board meetings would beheld in either the staff lounge or public
meeting room. It is a designated smoking area.
REQUIREMENTS: Office for Director
Office for secretary/bookkeeper
llluMiNATION: Task lighting
ACOUSTICS: Simple treatment
flooR TREATMENT: Carpet
VENTilATiON*. Ventilate for smoking.
SDACE REQUIREMENTS: Office of Director 150 f t . I
Office of Secretary = 120 ft,0
270 ft.
AREA: LIBRARIAN'S OFFICE
philosophy- An office for the head librarian should be provided as a place where he/she
can conduct the business of running the library. It should be adjacent to
the Common Work Room and circulation desk.
REQUIREMENTS: Space for 1 staff member
llluMiNATlON: Task lighting
ACOUSTICS: Simple treatment
flooR TREATMENT: Carpet
VENTilATiON: Ventilate for smoking.
SpACE REQUIREMENTS: 1 office = 150 ft. 2
AREA: STAFF LOUNGE
philosophy: This area is a private area for the staff where they can prepare and eat
food, relax, and have a locker. It should be accessible to a restroom.
It is a designated smoking area. It should be remote from the public.
REQUIREMENTS: 20 staff members
Small kitchen
20 small lockers
Restroom
llluMiNATION: Task lighting
ACOUSTICS*, simpi e treatment
flooR TREATMENT: Carpet
VEINTL'lATiON: Ventilating for smoking,
SpACE REQUIREMENTS: 20 small lockers @ 1 ft.^/locker
Small kitchen ?
Seating for 8 @ 30 ft. ^person
Lounging for 4 @ 35 £t. /person
^Optional 2 restrooms @ 50 ft. each
20 ft.?
80 ft.p
240 ft.p
140 ft.p
100 ft.o
500 ft.2
AREA: PUBLIC RESTROOMS
PHilOSOpHy: At least two public restrooms should be provided. They should meet handicap
• • / requirements. They should be located near the entrance lobby.
REQUIREMENTS: Men's and women's restrooms
llluMiNATION: General illumination.
ACOUSTICS: Sound attenuated.
flooR TREATMENT: Hard surface
VENTl'lATiON: Ventilate for offensive smells.
SpACE REQUIREMENTS: 2 restrooms @ 200 ft.2 each = 400 ft.2
AREA: COMMUNITY ROOM
philosophy: The community room will provide a public meeting space for the community. This
area needs an exterior access or have the capability of being accessible while
the library is closed. It should have a kitchen for serving of refreshments and
audio-visual capabilities. It needs to be near public restrooms. Two exits are
required.
REQUIREMENTS: Seating for 60 Podium space
Restrooms
Ki tchen
Storage
llluMiNATION: General lighting with feature lighting in podium area.
ACOUSTICS: Should be acoustically isolated from the rest of the building. Acoustics of the
space itself should be condusive to speech clarity.
flooR TREATMENT: Carpet
VENTilATiON: Ventilate for smoking
SDACE REQUIREMENTS: Seating for 60 I? 15 sq. ft./person = 900 ft.?
• Podium space = 100 ft.2
Restrooms = 150 ft.?
Kitchen 80 ft.?
Storage = 100 ft.0
1330 ft.
AREA: OVERFLOW STORAGE
pHllOSOphy: Storage for little used or non-essential materials, seasonal materials and
1 displays, and office materials.
REQUIREMENTS: 10,000 volumes
General storage
llluMiNATION: General lighting
ACOUSTICS: None necessary
FLOOR TREATMENT: Hard surface
VENTllATiON: -
SDACE REQUIREMENTS: 10,000 volumes @ 15 vol./ft.^
• Storage
= 667 ft.?
= 200 ft.o
867 ft/
AREA: AFTER HOURS BOOK DROP
pHllOSOphy* This is a secondary drop for after hours return of books. It can be incorporated
7 into the entry vestibule.
REQUIREMENTS:
llluMiNATION: "
ACOUSTICS: -
flooR TREATMENT: -
VENTilATiON: -
SpACE REQUIREMENTS: -
AREA: VERTICAL CIRCULATION
ilosopHy: The Vertical Circulation will include a stair for fire exit, elevator for
handicap and elderly people, and a book l ift for material circulation.
REQUIREMENTS: -
llluMiNATION: General i l lumination.
ACOUSTICS: -
fk)OR TREATMENT: -
VENTilATiON: -
SPACE REQUIREMENTS: -- as required.
AREA: MECHANICAL AREA
philosophy: Space for HVAC and electrical equipment. Special fire proof considerations.
REQUIREMENTS: Adequate space for equipment.
Fire proof isolation from rest of building.
llllJMiNATION: Tosk lighting
ACOUSTICS: -
flooR TREATMENT: -
VENTI'IAPON: -
SpACE REQUIREMENTS: 1200 ft.2
AREA: DISPLAY/MUSEUM FUNCTION
philosophy: This is a desired feature in a library, but a special exhibition space should
not be designated. Exhibits can be intermingled in areas of the library such
as the Entrance, Reading Room, and Montana Room. Feature lighting in these
areas will be adequate for the exhibits.
REQUIREMENTS: -
llluMiNATION: Feature lighting
ACOUSTICS: -
HOOR TREATMENT: -
VENTilATiON: -
SpAC E REQUIREMENTS: -
PROGRAM TOTALS
NuivibER of SQUARE FE£T: 26,017 sQ.fi.
NuivibER of VOIUMES: 150000
SEAiiNq CApAchry: 240
NuivibER of SiAff• 20
REHABILITATION
OF THE
BUTTE MINERS UNION HALL
BUTTE, MONTANA
/ — —
PROPOSAL FOR THE BUTTE - SILVER BOW PUBLIC
^
LIBRARY
)
/
GROUND FLOOR
v :
FIRST FLOOR
j
SKETCHES: CHILDRENS AREA
\
CIRCULATION DESK
y
SECOND FLOOR
•\
J
/" N
SKETCH: ALCOVE FIREPLACE
J
EZH
THIRD FLOOR
Vs.
SKETCH: LIGHTCOURT
J
SECTION A
f \
SECTION B
V )
FOOTNOTES
1 AIA Journal, June 1976, pages 26-28.
2 AIA Journal, June 1976, pages 26-28
3 Harry C. Freeman, Butte Above and Below Ground (Chicago; Henry
0. Shepard Company, 1900), pages
4 George Wesley Davis, Sketches of Butte, (Cornhill Co., Boston,
1921) paqes 8-17.
5 Ibid
6 Butte Miner, Sunday, December 22, 1907, page 22
7 Ibid
8 Information of sale of building is a matter of public record in
the Silver Bow County Clerk and Recorder's Office.
9 Will iam H. Jordy, American Buildings and Their Architects, "Pro
gressive and Academic Ideals at the Turn of the Century", vol. 4
(Garden City, NY; Doubleday and Company, Inc.,1972) pages 321-325.
10 The program for the building was adapted from the Facility Program
for the Lewis and Clark Library, by Taylor and Holtz, Architects,
Helena, Montana, 1976.
11 Michael Brawe, Libraries: Architecture and Equipment, page 141.
12 Program for the Lewis and Clark Library
13 Godfrey Thompson, Planning and Design of Library Buildings, (New
York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1974) page 55.
14 Brawe, Libraries: Architecture and Equipment, page 170
15 Keyes D. Metcalf, Lighting for Libraries, (Washington, D.C., The
Association of Research Libraries, 1970) pages 5-8.
16 Ibid, page 8.
17 Ibid, page 89.
18 Brawe, Libraries: Architecture and Equipment, page 164.
19 Thompson, Planning and Design of Library Buildings, page 55.
20 Brawe, Libraries: Architecture and Equipment, page 164.
21 Ibid, page 166.
22 Ibid, page 168.
23 Ibid, page 168.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
* Brawe, Michael. Libraries: Architecture and Equipment. New
York: Praeger Publishers, 1970.
Brimsmead, F. "The Light of Architecture". Bachelor of Architecture
Thesis, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, 1978.
Bullock, Orin M., Jr., FAIA The Restoration Manual. Norwalk, Ct:
Silvermine Publishers, Inc., 1975.
Butte Miner, Sunday, May 20, 1906, page 19.
Butte Miner, Thursday, May 24, 1906, page 1.
Butte Miner, Sunday, December 16, 1906, page 22.
Butte Miner, Sunday, June 9, 1907, page 8.
Butte Miner, Sunday, December 22, 1907, page 22.
Butte Miner, Wednesday, January 1, 1908, page 6.
Davis, George Wesley. Sketches of Butte. Boston: Cornhill Company,
1921.
Dean, Andrea 0., "Adaptive Use: Economics and Other Advantages". AIA
Journal , June, 1976.
DeHaas, John N., Jr. Historic Uptown Butte. Bozeman, Montana, John
N. DeHaas, Jr., 1977.
** Fitzgibbons, Ruth Miller, "HVAC for Restorations". Interiors, July,
1975.
Freeck, Randy A. "Rehabilitation of the Metals Bank Building, Butte,
Montana." Bachelor of Architecture Thesis, Montana State
University, Bozeman, Montana, 1978.
Freeman, Harry C. Butte Above and Below Ground. Chicago: Henry 0.
Shepard Company, 1900.
Glasscock, C. B. War of the Copper Kings. New York: Bobbs-Merril l
Company, 1935.
Hadley, Chalmers. Library Buildings. Chicago: American Library
Association, 1924.
** Hardy, Hugh; Holzman, Malcolm; Pfeiffer, Norman. "Recycling
Architectural Masterpieces and Other Buildings Not So Great".
Architectural Record, August, 1977.
** Hoyt, Charles. "Sitting Ducks: Examples of Endangered Species Which
Should and Could be Saved". Architectural Record, December, 1974.
Jordy, Will iam H., American Buildings and Their Architects". Pro
gressive and Academic Ideals at the Turn of the Twentieth Century"
vol. 4, Garden City, NY; Doubleday and Company, Inc., 1972.
Library Buildings and Equipment Institute. Guidelines for Library
Planners. Chicago: American Library Association, 1960.
McKeague, Jeanne. "On Adaptive Reuse". Bachelor of Architecture
Thesis. Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, 1978.
* Metcalf, Keyes D. Lighting for Libraries. Washington, D. C.: The
Association of Research Libraries, 1970.
Meyers, Rex C. "The Montana Club: Symbol of Elegance". Montana,
The Magazine of Western History. Autumn, 1976.
Poole, Frazier G., ed. The Library Environment. Chicago: The
Library Association, 1965.
Proceedings of the North American International Regional Conference.
Preservation and Conservation Principles and Practices. Washington,
D.C.: The Preservation Press, 1976.
Stanforth, Deidre. Restored America. New York: Praeger Publishers,
1975.
Taylor and Holtz. "Facil i ty Program for the Lev/is and Clark Library",
Helena, Montana, 1974.
Thompson, Elisabeth Kendell, FAIA. Recycling Buildings. New York:
McGraw-Hil l Book Company, 1977.
Thompson, Godfrey. Planning and Design of Library Buildings. New
York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1974.
Urban Land Institute, Adaptive Use: Development Economics, Process,
and Profi les. Washington, D. C.: 1978.
APPENDIX
STANDARDS FDR DESIGN
h-
7. Plan showing recommended minimum dimensions for
reading alcoves in open access bookshelf areas.
7. Empfohlene Mindestabmessungen fur Lesenischen in
frei zuganglichen Regalbereichen.
(Diagrams 6-13 based on The Architects' Journal, Vol. 147,
No. 12, 20 March 1968.)
(Diagramme 6-13 nach The Architects' Journal, Band 147,
Nr. 12, 20. Maiz 1963.)
4 '
8. Plan of one person reading table giving minimum di
mensions for furniture and surrounding space.
8. Lesetischfureine Person mitdcnMin.k^tabnu- surger.
fur Moblierung und umgebenden Raum.
f^rf
-I-
9. Minimum dimensions for single-sided table for four
readers.
9. Mindestabmessungen eines emse.tig bc-nut/baren Le*
setisches fur vier Leser.
10. Minimum dimensions for six poison reading taoles.
10. Mindestabmessungen von Lesetischon fur sechs Per-
sonen.
f r
h—
11. Plan of open carrels at ends of stacks.
11. Offene carrels als AbschluO der Regaleinheiten.
12. Recommended vertical dimensions for taoles in (A)
adult libraries (B) school libraries.
12. Empfohlene Hohen fur Tische in (A) Buchereien fur
Erwachsene, (B) Schulbuchereien.
13. Recommended vertical dimensions for tables with
shelving.
13. Empfohlene Hohen fur Tische mit Regalfachern.
r i
-i-
-4
o. Recommended dimensions for a one person enclosed
carrel.
6. Empfohlene Aomessungen eines umschlossenen
carrel fur tine Person.
BRAWE, page 148
From: LIBRARIES: ARCHITECTURE AND EQUIPMENT, Michael Brawe, page 149
4. Recommended shelf heights for ainerent uses (A)
bcokstacks, (B) public lending libraries and (C) children's
libraries.
(Diagrams 2 and 4 based on The Architects' Journal, Vol.
147. number 12, March 1968.)
4. Empfohlene Regalhohen bei Verwendung (A) im Ma-
gazin, (B) in offer.tlichen Le'hbuchereien und (C) in Kin-
derbuchereien.
(Diagramme 2 und 4 nach The Architects' Journal, Band
147, Nr. 12, Marz 1968.)
t:
r
BRAWE, page 132
2. Plans of shelving layouts in open access areas.
A. Shelves around walls and free standing.
B. Shelves forming alcoves.
2. Regalgrundrisse in frei zuganglichen Bereichen.
A. An den Wanden angeordnete, frei stehende Regale.
B. Regale, die Lesenischen bilden.
BRAWE
BRAWE, page 129
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MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES
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Adaptive reuse of the Butte Miners Union
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