A CONTINUING CARE RETIREMENT COMMUNITY Patrice M. Anderson Arch 556 Montana State University Bozeman, Montana P378 • An2445 V March 1986 A CONTINUING CARE RETIREMENT COMMUNITY Patrice M. Anderson A professional paper submitted in partial fulfi of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Architecture Arch 556 Montana State University Bozeman, Montana March 1986 Advisor Director 1 of Architecture ,AnW- STATEMENT OF PERMISSION TO COPY In presenting this paper in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Architecture degree at Montana State University, I agree that the library shall make it freely available for inspection and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of the paper for scholarly purposes may be granted by my Major Professor or in his/her absence, by the Head of the Library. It is understood that any copying of this paper for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Patrice M. Anderson for Bruce CONTENTS Page Introduct ion 1 The Aged 2 Design Goals 3 Faci l i ty Types 6 Cont inuum of Care 7 Economics and F inancing 9 Regulat ions 9 Case Studies 10 Ci t rus Heights 21 Project Si te 22 Programmatic Analysis 27 Design Guidel ines 62 Program 69 Drawings and Model 72 List of References 78 Appendix A: The Ef fects of Aging 80 Appendix B: Organizat ions for the Aged 85 Appendix C: Demographic Informat ion for Ci t rus Heights 87 A CONTINUING CARE RETIREMENT FACILITY INTRODUCTION Concern for the needs of the elderly has become an issue of great importance within the last decade. The reasons for this are many: People in general are living longer, and are living into the age where physical and other problems become signi ficant; The social structure in the western nations is changing such that households are less often made up of rnulti- generational households; The proportion of elderly people to the population as a whole is growing and will continue to grow for decades; Poverty among the elderly has become a serious problem, particularly in urban areas; The elderly and their advocates are beginning to speak out about poor conditions and the lack of facilities; More public and non-profit funding is becoming available for development of facilities for the aged; The financial position of some retired persons now enables them to afford to live separately from family and to choose their housing. The aged is a segment of the population with very specific needs, some of which are quite different from the needs of the general population. It is in the area of housing, perhaps, that these needs are most acute; many aged persons spend the majority of their time at home. The purpose of this thesis is to explore the ways in which the specific needs of the elderly can be met in a residential retirement facility. These needs include an independent and active lifestyle, a community atmosphere, a safe and comprehensible environment, privacy and individuality in living accommodations, and available social act i vi t i es. The facility under study is a continuing care retire­ ment community incorporating independent and congregate apartments, nursing care, and a senior center. Only the congregate apartment facility and senior center are addressed in detail; the others in a planning capacity only. THE AGED The terms "aged," elderly," and "old" are often used yet can differ greatly in their meaning. While many "retirement" facilities accept persons at the age of 55, few of these people would consider themselves "elderly." Aging is a universal process that affects every person from birth until death. It is a process of adapting to changes in the physical body and in the social environment. Unfortunately, our youth—oriented society too often considers persons of retirement age as obsolete, infirm, dependent and contributing little. Aging, however, affects different people in different ways, and the population of persons over 55 is a very diverse group. Many persons of retirement age are as independent and productive as younger persons; others are disabled in some ways yet not in others. Of the world's urbanized population, nearly 11 percent is over the age of 65. It is estimated that in the year 2030, Americans over 65 will account for 18.3 percent of the population. Average life expectancy at birth is approximately 70 years for males and 75 for females. At age 60 men are outnumbered 3 to 2 by women; at age 75 the figure is 2 to 1.1 There is a higher proportion of one- and two- person families among the aged as a result of children leaving home and/or the death of a spouse. Older women are, in general, more likely to be widowed and living alone, while older men are more likely to be married and living with their spouse.2 While statistics tell about certain aspects of the elderly population as a group, they are not helpful in dealing with the aged individual. *Hoglund, J. David, Housing for the Elderly: Privacy and Independence in Environments for the Aging. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1985, p. 4. ^American Institute of Architects, Design for Agings An Architect's Guide. Washington, D.C.: The AIA Press, 1985, p. 4. DESIGN GOALS The effects of the aging process are many and varied; there can be physical, psychological and social changes. While it is possible to list many of these changes (see Appendix A), no individual ages in the same manner, nor experiences the same effects. Although the needs of the elderly vary greatly with the individuals, general design goals may be proposed. Design for any specific group, the aged, the handicapped, the very young, etc., can be easily overdone, resulting in an unsuitable, inappropriate, overly self-conscious or condescending environment. It is often best to provide a minimum of specialized features, with the possibility of adding features as required. Good design for the elderly is, in general, good design for anyone. In the welfare state of Sweden, the government provides housing and medical services for elderly citizens. For this purpose, the Swedish government has established five guiding principles for the planning of services and facilities for the aged: Normalization To the greatest possible extent each individual should be given the opportunity to live and function in as normal a setting and under as normal conditions as feasi ble. Viewing a person as a whole The overall psychological, physical, and social welfare needs of a person are assessed and dealt with in a single context. Self-determination Personal integrity is respected. People should have the right to determine their own lives and make their own decisions. The right to personal security and the right to decide things for oneself must be combined in old-age care. Influence and participation Individuals should be able to influence not only their own environment but also society as a whole. Elderly people, too, want to assume responsibilities and feel they are needed. Properly managed activation Implies meaningful tasks carried out in close partnership with other people in a normalf stimulating environment.3 An American gerontological planning consultant and architect, Joe J. Jordan, has developed a set of "gerontological design goals," listed here. Increase opportunities for individual choice. Provide an environment that permits the widest possible range of personal choices to the individual consistent with the needs of the group. Minimize dependence and encourage personal independence. Reinforce the individual's level of competence. Design supports should be sufficient without excess and unobtrusive so that those who are more competent are not made to feel dependent. Compensate for sensory and perception changes. The aging process can bring about changes in the individual's sensory mechanisms, resulting in decreased perceptive ability. Such changes imply an increase in reaction time and sensitivity to other stimuli to compensate for losses. Recognize some decrease in physical mobility. Aging can bring with it a decrease of general mobility and behavior that is slower, less strong, accurate and confident than that exhibited at an earlier age. Improve comprehension and orientation. Spatial organization and circulation patterns should be simple and direct. Elements that confuse or produce conflicting information about the environment should be avoi ded. Encourage social interaction. Social contacts are particularly important, as they are often seriously reduced by retirement from work, loss of health, death of intimate friends, and the moving away of children and neighbors. 23J. David Hoglund, Housing for the Elderly; Privacy and Independence in Environments for the Aging. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1985, p. 31. D Stimulate participation. It is sometimes necessary to stimulate and encourage the participation of individuals whose self-confidence may be reduced by retirement, reduction in income, and even aging in a youth-oriented society. Provide individual privacy. Design for variation in the desire for social contact. Reduce distractions and conflicts. Provide for various degrees of separation of simultaneous and/or conflicting activities. Provide a safe environment. The need for a safe environment is of particular importance to persons with reduced levels of physical and mental competence and other insecurities. Safety features should be easy to comprehend and use. Make activities and services accessible. The location and design of the facility should make it accessible to the largest number of older people regardless of their physical condition. Improve the public image of the elderly. The design should, by its character and aesthetic quality, improve the community's attitudes and concerns for its older population. Plan for growth and change. Gerontological facilities are new building types whose form is still evolving. Trends indicate that they will take on an expanded role as providers of services.4 **Joe J. Jordan, "Recognizing and Designing for the Special Needs of the Elderly." AIA Journal. v. 66, Sep. 1977, pp. 50-55. FACILITY TYPES Residential facilities for the aged vary greatly. Among the various types are independent housing, congregate housing, residential care and nursing care- Independent housing Housing for of detached apartments, the form of are provide parking for for medical may be main themselves, are common the independent elderly may be in the form houses, townhouses, condominiums or Some very successful developments are in shared housing or cooperatives. Kitchens d in this type of facility, as well as cars. There is usually little provision or residential services. The development tained and supervised by the residents or by others. Organized social activities in this type of facility. Congregate housing Congregate facilities generally provide minimal services for the semi —independent. Individual apartments are equipped with a kitchen or kitchenette, but congregate dining is provided. Dining, at least once a day, is mandatory in some facilities. Common lounges, trash and laundry facilities, and outdoor recreation areas are included. Organized social events are standard, as is transportation to shopping and medical services. Some physical therapy, barber and beauty services, and retail shops may be provided. Residential care Facilities providing residential care for the older persons no longer able to live independently are similar to congregate apartments, with the added services of housekeeping, residential and personal grooming services provided. Provision for emergency, such as alarm pulls in the rooms, is standard. Residential care facilities do not normally provide nursing or medical care, and as such are usually licensed by the state depart merit of social services; nursing homes are generally subject to the department of health and hygiene. Nursing care Low level nursing care is provided in this type of facility. Medical services may be minimal, or they may be hospi ta l leve l . Nurs ing care uni ts are genera l ly s ingle- room, s ingle or double occupancy. D in ing is e i ther in a congregate d in ing room or in one 's uni t . Lounges, game rooms, and other common spaces are of par t icu lar importance in a nurs ing fac i l i ty , as the res idents have l i t t le pr ivate space. The fac i l i ty is staf fed day and n ight . CONTINUUM OF CARE A sense of home is important to persons of any age. Home is of ten def ined by one 's possessions, fami l iar p laces, and ne ighbors . The aged in par t icu lar have of ten l ived in the i r homes and neighborhoods for a long per iod of t ime and are at tached to fami l iar objects , p laces and people . Many e lder ly spend a large amount o f the i r t ime at home. As ch i ldren and f r iends move away, the home can become an even more important e lement . Moving can be a t raumat ic event , par t icu lar ly for the aged. Not only is i t tax ing physica l ly , but the fee l ing of be ing uprooted can be par t icu lar ly s t ressfu l . The aged most o f ten move in to a d i f ferent res idence as the resul t of a sudden, o f ten temporary , d isabi l i ty or deter iorat ion in physica l condi t ion. Unfor tunate ly , dur ing a physica l t rauma is a poor t ime to undergo a move. Consequent ly , many res ident ia l fac i l i t ies for the aged are being designed to accommodate persons as physica l and menta l c ond i t i ons c hang e over t ime. Cont inuing care re t i rement communi t ies CCCRCs) , as these are termed, o f fer a var ie ty of care leve ls , f rom condominiums and apar tments for the tota l ly independent , to apar tment complexes wi th congregate d in ing and recreat ional fac i l i t ies , to res ident ia l care fac i l i t ies of fer ing housekeeping and personal care serv ices, to nurs ing care , and somet imes of fer fu l l medica l or hospi ta l t reatment . Cont inuing care re t i rement communi t ies emphasize a smooth t ransi t ion between leve ls of care and f lex ib i l i ty in meet ing the changing needs of the res idents . By of fer ing a res ident ia l fac i l i ty that may accommodate persons f rom ret i rement on for a per iod of 20 , 30 or 40 years , the CCRC provides a home, a socia l s t ructure , and a sense of s tabi l i ty which is of v i ta l importance to the aged. Cont inuing care fac i l i t ies account for approximate ly one th i rd of a l l re t i rement communi t ies . A l though they vary great ly in s ize and number o f serv ices of fered, a genera l guidel ine is to design the CCRC to house 300 to 500 res idents . Provid ing complete serv ices for less than 300 res idents may not be f inancia l ly feasib le , and a concentration of more than 500 elderly may segregate them from the community and cause unbalanced development. Of greatest importance in a continuing care retirement community is that social support, residential care and long- term health care are available when needed and for the length of time needed. Because many of the initial residents may be in good health and require few services, the nursing care provided may be under utilized at first. Consequently, the facility must be flexible in its accommodation of residents' needs. ECONOMICS AND FINANCING As in any commercial development, financing the construction of a continuing care retirement facility may be done in several ways. In Denmark and Sweden, retirement facilities are developed and subsidized by the government and municipalities. The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) provides information, guidelines, block grants and even blueprints for the development of housing facilities for the aged. The Federal Housing Administration CFHA) provides funding for such developments. There are many state, local and private organizations that are involved in the funding, construction and operation of elderly housing. The American Association of Homes for the Aging (AAHA) reports that 75 percent of its facilities are sponsored by religious organizations, and the other 25 percent are supported by private foundations, fraternal organizations, government agencies, unions and other c omrnun i t y groups. Whether a retirement facility is owned and administered by the residents, as in cooperatives and condominiums, or by a separate body, as in most group homes and apartments, economy is of major concern. A prime responsibility of the designer is to keep construction and operating costs, and consequently the cost to the residents, to a minimum. The size of the development also has a bearing on the affordabi1ity to its residents; too few or too many units may not be economically feasible. Good, accessible design does not by nature have to be expensive; flexibility and adaptability are major factors in creating an affordable, long-lived facility. REGULATIONS The design and construction of a continuing care facility in the state of California is subject to the requirements imposed by many different codes and agencies. Among these are California's Title 24, which has, among other things, specific regulations regarding accessibility by the handicapped and the conservation of energy. CASE STUDIES The following pages contain examples of residential facilities for the aged, with an outline of the major feature® of each. Features marked with an asterisk are < particular relevance to this project- Captain Clarence Eldridge House Hyannis, Massachusetts Barry Korobkin 25,000 square foot site; suburban 8500 sq.ft. addition to existing 2000 sq.ft. house Congregate housing for 20 residents Residential character 275 sq. ft. private roots with kitchenette, shared tubs and showers Dutch doors and interior windows to corridor; entry alcoves •^Parlors, sitting rooa, dining rooi, conunal kitchen, front porch ^•Central skylighted atriui Places to observe spaces before entering $575,000 construction cost; $52.00/sq.ft. (David Morton, "Congregate Living.* Progressive Architecture, v. 62, Aug. 1981, pp. 54-68.) • . • -i msmi _ JW~' •ctive residents and couples. house life while remaining safe in their "home " HOMEYNESS Having an •at-in krtcf>en for group coffee wiM be an integral part of residents seeing the who*e house as "home" INDfcHtNUtNcc oeing able to prepare small snacks and meals will help residents maintain a sense of independence PREVIEWING Residents win look down below from elevator landings to prepare themselves better for social encounters. PREVIEWING Residents will use the midway stair landing to decide if they want to join activity below. IDENTITY The house "front porch" will be central to residents" image of the building and will be used to describe it to others. ENVIRONMENTAL SUPPORT ^ Having a private toilet for themselves will insure that older residents feel the environment supports them. DROP-OFF WAITING An .overlook of the car drop-off from inside. w« help residents feel at esse waiting m-doors to be picked up. PROXIMITY Because the entry is visible nearly from Main Street, reskJents walking home will not tool it is a long walk. PRIVACY CONTROL The bedroom privacy the design provides will enable residents to "open" the kitchenette without feeling ill at HEALTH Residents will frequently use main stairs near entry and rt will be healthy for them. SUPPORT One hot meal a day SHARED BACKSTAGE In a common dining room will Residents wWl use the living enable residents to be mde- rooms of the oJd house pendent the rest of the time extremely informally like with minimal help. their own apartment to wait for launory to dry and to watch TV. SHARING Residents will accept trade-off of sharing bathtub in exchange for congregate amenities. SECOND FLOOR uist-lat residents will put furnit jrt and paintings on their "front porches" to express who they are SOCIAL EXCUSE Residents will wait for the elevator as an excuse to be part of the activity In the central hallway. UNOBSTRUSIVE CARE Residents will not feel they are in a facility in which others are caring for them because the office is small and out of the way. SOCIAL ESCAPE Residents will feel more comfortable using beck stairs to get to Laundry and TV room, when in a dressing gown. FIRST FLOOR 2076m / v: vL ' Captain Clarence Eldridge House Hyannis, Massachusetts Barry Korobkin Or dr up Vaenge Gentofte, Copenhagen, Deniark Ejlers and Graversen Independent apartaents 68 efficiency apartments at 450 sq.ft. ^jSCanpus organization ^•6arden court at each unit (J. David Hoglund, Housing for the Elderly: Privacy and Independence in Environients for the Aging, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Coipany, 1985, pp. 82-87.) Ohio Presbyterian Hoses Hi 1loughby, Ohio Hoffnan Partnership, Inc. Life care retireient conunity 50 one-story ranch apartaents; 132,530 sq. f t , 150 congregate apartaents; 66,000 sq. f t . 100 bed health care center Recessed balconies (Rush, Richard. "The Age of the Aging." Progressive Architecture, v. 62, Aug. 1981, p. 6.) e- ^ b jbc * lOOBED 50 RANCH APARTMENT • I UNITS W HEALTH CARETS * CENTER :•/ COMMUNITY APARTMENT UNITS PLAZA Legion Village Hanover, Massachusetts Ha»»er Keifer & Todd 12 acre si te; suburban 7^60 units in three two-story dusters of 20 3 large tvo-bedroo« units for disabled Shared entrance, patios & walkways ^Residential scale and vil lage at»osphere ^-Coasunity building: office, board rooi, kitchen, co»*unity roos, maintenance garage Financed under HUD 202 (Michael Crosbie, 'Handsoie Village of Housing for the Elderly." A1A Journal, v. 71. Dec. 1982, pp. 54-55.) r. J ' S8W* j&FI - 8S?;?8 Hi M 41 • •<> • I) f-'Fl ttJrv-— 5 vd2®S^S rxn ;w,-.i:.c<; 'xxl Mol1egarden Care Center Gladsaxe, Copenhagen, Denaark Ejlers and Graversen Nursing hoae, congregate apartaents and day center 56 private nursing roots 50 one-bedrooa apartaents with corridor on one side, courtyard on other side Day center: restaurant-style dining rooi, stage, aeeting rooms, physical and occupational therapy (J. David Hoglund, Housing for the Elderly; Privacy and Indeoendence in Environaents for the A Bagsvnrdvej 90 180 270 FT c: Van Nostrand R 1nhold Coipany, 1985, pp.98-105.) 0 25 Site plan of MollegArden Center 1. Nursing home 2. Day center 3. Courtyard 4. Plaza 5. Sheltered dwellings 6. Pedestrian street (COURTESY OF EILERS AND GRAVERSEN) 50 75 M gnu J..' T3& i iHU - TTS tuft: [ i i x r u mi Hoae for the Aged in Papegojelyckan | Lund, Sweden St en Saauelson Ground floor plan of Papegojelyckan. The residential wings are located north of the main circulation corridor. The day center activities and public areas are located to the south. 1. Typical resident room 2. Dining room for 12 residents 3. Shared living room 4. Pantry for residents' use 5. Laundry for residents 6. Resident storage room 7. Sitting room 8. Smoking room 9. Sitting area 10. Garden courtyards 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 2 1 . 22. 23. 24. 25. (J. David Hoglund, Housing for the Elderly; Privacy and Independence in Environients for the Aging, New York; Van Nostrand Reinhold Coipany,— 1985, pp. 36-41.) — Swimming pool Gym Medical suite Ceramics workroom Carpentry room Weaving room Activity room with stage Entry Reception/Concierge Billiards Library Restaurant Pub Kitchen Administrative suite Nursing/residential care facility 68 single roois of 160 sq.ft.; 2 double roois 2 stories P^Organized around courtyards ^Resident kitchen and dining at each wing ^Coaiunal restaurant, pub Sviaiing pool, gyi, various craft roots tip QQi—rrt — — "I odoo ~ — L I 11 18 QJ 20. KITCHEN LOUNGE 3 d3C RFTEENTH FLOOR OPEN TO BELOW EVEN FLOORS 4-14 Riverview Plaza Sacraaento, California Rayaond Vail and Associates Congregate apartaent facility 126 one-bedrooa units Urban site 16 stories Retail and office units on first two levels Different activity space on every floor to encourage interaction Exercise rooa and lap pool on top floor Two story living areas serving two floors i umi uimr COMMUNITY LIVIN* HTM 7TTT? J •IRNI PI ACTIVITY ROOM ODD FLOORS 3-13 ' i f* : -*• jura-* • 'W -*NS«Sa>! > ^I7r'# i &£ " .# r#$W '/•-jfc^SfesS&fc fe• -*sJs. € $md /$2^*Sfs£N^*# H • 'V r-jSBSGf*-' * V iVvl: 8sar-3 - Haple Knoll Village Springdale, Ohio (suburban Cincinnati) Gruzen & Partners 32 acre site; suburban 315 residents with plans for expansion to 700 290,000 square feet; 2-4 stories $12,500,000 construction cost Provides continuous physical care at all levels of need One- and two-bedrooi townhouses with garages 150 one-bedroo» and efficiency apartients 165 bed nursing care ^Blocks clustered around village green and interior "street" Preschool and daycare on site - residents can work there 7^6ift shop selling residents' craft ite«s ^•Craft rooas, machine shop, therapy rooi, beauty shop, snack bar, library, gift shop, chapel (Charles K. Hoyt, "Better Answers in Housing the Elderly with Care: Haple Knott Village," Architectural Record, v. 163, har. 1978, pp. 95-100.) \N n# <%, ^>\v > *'d U L- v* Maple Knoll Village Springdale, Ohio (suburban Cincinnati) Gruzen & Partners LAUNDRY MAINTENANCE RETAIL >ELEY t LOBBf SOLARIUM fcEPTlON' LOBBY SITTING | LOUNGE, SPECIAL ACTIVITIES SECOND FLOOR PLAN -V 2076m FIRST FLOOR PLAN . Woolf House San Francisco, California Robert Herman Associates Low incoae elderly housing; urban 35,250 square feet; 9 stories 182 units of 575 square feet $4,450,000 construction cost; $48.00/5quare foot Bay windows and recessed balconies Elegant decor: »uted colors, soft lighting, natural laterials ^ Coaaon garden, ga»e areas, sitting roo>s, cafe, subsidized supermarket, solariua 45 degree rotated plan: views in two directions, cross ventilation, protected balconies Financed by the California Housing Finance Agency, City of San Francisco, HUD Section 8 (Suzanne Stephens, "The New Gray Neighbor." Progressive Architecture, v. 62, Aug. 1981, pp. 72-75.) CITRUS HEIGHTS Citrus Heights is a suburb of Sacramento, the capital of the state of California. With two Air Force bases, several colleges, including a large state university, a growing heavy commercial and high tech industry, and the state governmental agencies, Sacramento is a rapidly growing city. Close to Lake Tahoe in the Sierra Nevada mountains, a number of the historical gold mining areas, and the San Francisco Bay area, Sacramento is in a central location in California's central valley. Transportation is very good in the greater Sacramento area. Two interstate freeways cross through, traffic has not yet overburdened the street systems, and the metropolitan bus system is extensive, efficient, and affordable. The Sacramento and American rivers pass through the county, and a riverside park and well maintained bicycle path follows the American River from Folsorn to downtown Sacramento, a distance of 30 miles. Housing in the greater Sacramento area is in a price range well below the national average. The climate is mild; summers are dry with warm days and cool nights, and winters are characterized by a short "rainy season" (December, January and February). Annual precipitation is about 17 inches. Average minimum temperature in January is 37.4 degrees; the temperature seldom drops below 25 degrees. Average maximum temperature in July is 92.3 degrees; and average of 11 summer days reach 100 degrees. High temperatures are accompanied by low humidity, generally around 25%. The prevailing wind is southwesterly with an average speed of 8 mph. In general, weather in the Sacramento area is pleasant and sunny, and people spend much time outdoors. The Sacramento area is pleasant and green. According to the Sacramento Chamber of Commerce, Sacramento is second only to Paris in the number of trees per capita. History of Citrus Heights Originally known as Sylvan, the community began as a stage stop on the road to the mining town of Auburn. In 1852 Sylvan had a population of 100, mostly farmers from the Midwest and South. Citrus Heights remained largely rural through the early 1960's, when developments of homes and a regional shopping center were built. Since that time, Citrus Heights has grown rapidly. Construction began in 1970 on Sunrise Mall, which has since expanded to incorporate 1.25 million square feet of retail shopping area. This and the surrounding diversified developments have helped establish a comrnercial base for the town, which is currently attempting to incorporate as a city. Further economic growth is anticipated with the construction of a proposed 190-acre light industrial and business park. This is expected to provide a jobs-housing link previously lacking and to help shed the town's image as a bedroom community for Sacramento. THE SITE The site chosen for the project is comprised of two parcels, a 5.1 acre parcel and a 10.7 acre parcel separated by a street. Part of an existing, recently built medium density residential development in a largely residential area, the smaller site contains an existing congregate apartment complex for the elderly, and the larger has independent elderly apartments. For the purpose of this thesis, it is presumed that these two developments, both built within the last five years, were not constructed and this project would be built in their place. Although one side of both parcels is adjacent to a four lane, busy traffic artery, the street is lined on both sides with trees, and three other sides face stands of mature oaks. Immediately adjacent is a wooded park through which runs a small creek and which has meeting facilities, a playground, and public tennis courts. Also adjacent is a large county library. Across the street and one block away is a shopping center with grocery store, hardware store, drugstore, and miscellaneous shops. The site is located 12 miles from downtown Sacramento? 10 miles from Cal Expo, the site of the annual California state fair; 2.8 miles from Sunrise Mall, a large development of retail malls and shopping centers; and 1.5 miles from a regional hospital. Two major routes of the municipal bus system stop on the site, providing direct service to both downtown Sacramento and Sunrise Mall. Zoned R-2A - Multiple family, the 5.1 acre parcel is limited to a density of 25 units per acre. The 10.7 acre parcel is zoned RD-20 - Multiple family, and has a maximum density of 20 units per acre. Permitted uses on both parcels include townhouses, rowhouses, cluster developments and apartments, and rest homes and group care facilities are permitted with a use permit. Building height in these zones is limited to one story, or 20 feet; up to three stories, or 40 feet, may be approved by the Planning Commission. Building setbacks are 25 feet from all streets, with some exceptions. Site coverage, including building and paving, may not exceed 757. of the site. .^ASMF^NIIA ' Indian Creek Coantr) dab BluelOafcs Map ox CITRUS HEIGHTS And Vicinity \ Diamond Oaks / Municipal | ' Golf Course p/ LAKEVIEW FOLSOM LAKE STATE , RECREATION AREA Lav:?! STa!'rnar- Road r__ . Sierrariew Country Club M.nrr. wCofc^jf'V Fairgrounds | v (30 •^AIN |lSTREET St/!\v r, BASE LINE ROAD ROAD RIEGO ROSEVILLE »• VDOUGLAS BOULEVARD GRANITE B •VIST AH S U T T E R C O U N T Y Maidd Regional JJ; Park = P L A C E R C O U N T Y CIRBY FOLSOM Road SABRE CITY P.F.E promotort ovnt-*> S A C R A M E N T O C O U N T Y % * LAKE OLD A Elverta Road SACRAMENTO METROPOLITAN AIRPORT t ELVERTA S A C R A M E N T G«f link* NTELOP > C O U N T Y OAK AVENl r-AVI :NUE 0| ANGI VALE L \ BOULEVARD ELKHORN Central ELKHORN ELDORADO O \ HILLS -P » ROAD ELKHORN Don Ji Gt EENBA Meister Way 1 FOLSOWI | Pcr*fsTATE/f EOERAL ^feVcAWTOL Northrop AVENUE fclTY_LIMITS BOUNDARIES •WMJ™ IR OAKS BLVD IWESTH SACRAME MATHER AIR FORCE BASE Stone Bl*d OLSOW BROADWAY Mather gj IEFER BOULEVARD ROAD ItTRIPGEl SACRAM nirnivt AIRPORT £ DEPOT. cpA*fNTQ v.^2 sacra; ento ROADJ 47th\AV« CREEK FLORIN OUGtlWUSfc-' •» FLORIN ROAD FLORIN FLORIN ROAD iSiSSSI GCl RD-3Q IM1 •^ SlLIElS MR-i1 RD-20 SPA (F) RD-20 r-«g£NB*CI RO-'JO COMPREHENSIVE ZONING F SACRAMENTO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA RD-30 c# -*\T& C&CI^ NNSR &.PWQY -^ K "9-l OM. Ts2£E*> FAMII-R •*)HFRUB. FA/AJUF PROGRAMMATIC ANALYSIS The following section consists of programmatic analyses of the major spaces of a congregate apartment facility for the aged. The program is based on the assumption of a single, self-contained structure? the spaces, however, could as easily be organized into several building clusters, or split into a congregate apartment facility and a separate senior center nearby. For preliminary analysis, the program assumes a tentative size of 120-150 congregate apartment units. Also within the project, but not analyzed programatically, are 50-75 apartments for the independent elderly, and a nursing care facility for 60 residents. The program is split into five "zones" by privacy 1evels Pr i vate Those areas within the resident's own unit Semi-private Spaces generally for the use of the residents only and their invited guests Semi-publi c Gathering spaces and other areas that may be used by visitors and large numbers of people Publi c Spaces accessible for use by the casual visitor and the general public Support Adrninistrative, maintenance and other support servi c es Within each of the privacy zones, the spaces are analyzed by activity group. ZONE ACTIVITY SET Private Living root PRIMARY ACTIVITIES Reading, looking out of window, visiting, quiet activities, TV watching, working on hobbies, entertaining SUPPORTIVE ACTIVITIES Cleaning USERS Residents, guests, health aide SCHEDULE Interiittent dayti»e ADJACENCY Near entry, balcony, toward view FURNISHING & EQUIPMENT Sofa, bookcases, coffeetable, end table, coat closet FINISHES VISUAL Soft, wart finishes and colors: carpet, fabric Daylighting, good view, adjustable task and anbient lighting HVAC Adjustable heating and cooling, good ventilation ACOUSTICAL Acoustical privacy froa adjacent units SAFETY DIMENSIONS REMARKS One of the »ost used spaces; . flexibility in furniture arrangetent is important; keep windows away froa corners to allow corner furniture arrangement, especially TV location. There »ay be a lot of furniture, luch of which is large. Windows should be large and low enough to see out froi a seated position. ZONE ACTIVITY SET PRIMARY ACTIVITIES SUPPORTIVE ACTIVITIES USERS SCHEDULE ADJACENCY FURNISHING i EQUIPMENT FINISHES VISUAL HVAC ACOUSTICAL SAFETY DIMENSIONS REMARKS Private Dining Eating, reading, cleaning, visiting, doing projects Residents, visitors, health aide Healtiaes, interiittent during day Adjacent to kitchen Table, chairs, dish storage Cleanable: linoleua, tile, enaael paint, wood, plastic latinate Viev fairly iiportant, adjustable lighting Adjustable heating, cooling 6ood acoustics, privacy froi adjacent units Non slip surfaces In saall units dining root say be a part of kitchen or living root. ZONE ACTIVITY SET Privat# Kitchenette PRIMARY ACTIVITIES SUPPORTIVE ACTIVITIES USERS SCHEDULE ADJACENCY FURNISHIN6 It EQUIPMENT FINISHES VISUAL HVAC ACOUSTICAL SAFETY DIMENSIONS REMARKS Fixing coffee/tea, Biking snacks, cooking teals, storing food and kitchen vare, washing dishes Cleaning Residents, guests, health aide Intermittent Near food storage, adjacent to dining Stove, range, refrigerator, sink, dishwasher (?), cabinets, shelves, countertops Easy to clean: linoleua, tile, latex enaiel, plastic laninate Window desirable but not imperative, good lighting. Separate visually froi living area. Adjustable heating and cooling, good ventilation, exhaaust fan Handicapped accessible, non slip surfaces, electric appliances, saoke alart ZONE ACTIVITY SET PRIMARY ACTIVITIES SUPPORTIVE ACTIVITIES USERS SCHEDULE ADJACENCY FURNISHING 6 EQUIPMENT FINISHES VISUAL HVAC ACOUSTICAL SAFETY DIMENSIONS REMARKS Private Bedrooi Sleeping, reading, relaxing, hobbies, dressing, watching television Cleaning, aiding another Residents, health aides Constant 8 p» - 7 a», intermittent during day Near bathroon Bed(s), dresser(s), nightstand, closet, television stand, chair, storage Uara, soft taterials finishes: carpet, fabric, visually interesting ceiling saterial Large, operable window with a view, abundant natural light, adjustable lighting, incandescent fixtures. Visual privacy fro« living area. Adjustable heating and cooling, good ventilation, operable window Acoustical privacy froi adjacent units Eiergency bell near bed. Rounded corners on beds and furniture Space for two single beds Flexible furniture arrangeient important. Windows to be low enough to provide views froi bed. a m- 4-^ \ZA -rV MlM fe* TV/# W£U A* ZONE ACTIVITY SET Private Bathrooa activities PRIMARY ACTIVITIES Bathing, dressing, toilet activities SUPPORTIVE ACTIVITIES Cleaning, assisting USERS SCHEDULE ADJACENCY FURNISHING I EQUIPMENT FINISHES VISUAL HVAC ACOUSTICAL SAFETY DIMENSIONS REMARKS Aged residents, guests, health aide Intermittent Adjacent to bedrooas Toilet (15* high), lavatory, shover with adjustable head and/or tub, storage, grab bars, shover seat, towel bars, Mirror, storage Cleanable, moisture resistent Materials: tile, linoleua, latex enaiel ; non slip f looring Good lighting, preferably incandes­ cent, vindov if possible. No viev into bathrooa fro» living space of unit Adjustable heating and cooling, good ventilation Acoustical privacy frot adjacent spaces Grab bars in shower/tub and toilet, future grab bars at lavatory, non slip surfaces, emergency bell at shover and toilet,outsvinging door, shover controls accessible froa inside or outside the shover The bathrooa is a coaaon place for people to need assistance; accoiodation for eaergency help as veil as routine assistance is iaportant. Adaptability is also iaportant; provide for future installation of grab bars, lover lavatory surfaces, etc. If only shover is provided, consider providing coaaon bathtub at each floor/wing. S'-o" MM. ^ "MW. J3 UltJ p "^3 ZONE ACTIVITY SET Private Adult Day Care/ Medical PRIMARY ACTIVITIES SUPPORTIVE ACTIVITIES USERS SCHEDULE ADJACENCY FURNISHING it EQUIPMENT FINISHES VISUAL HVAC ACOUSTICAL SAFETY DIMENSIONS REMARKS First aid, Radical examination, consultation, resting, waiting Cleaning, adiinistrative activities Residents, adult day care users froa the couunity, nurse, visiting doctor, administration, cleaning staff Intermittent to constant daytime use, evening emergencies Near administration, public lounge, rest room Examination room, bed and equipment, beds, nurses station, lounge furniture Soft, warm materials in rooms, lounge, cleanable materials in exam room View from rooms to exterior, visual privacy from public lounge Adjustable heating and cooling, good ventilation Acoustical privacy from adjacent spaces Non slip surfaces, emergency calls This area can serve both the community residents by providing first aid and intermittent doctor visits, as well as the nonresidents who require personal or medical aid during the day. ZONE ACTIVITY SET Seai Private Outdoor space PRIMARY ACTIVITIES SUPPORTIVE ACTIVITIES USERS SCHEDULE ADJACENCY FURNISHING k EQUIPMENT FINISHES VISUAL HVAC ACOUSTICAL SAFETY DIMENSIONS REMARKS Hatching people, sitting, gardening 6roundskeeping Residents, guests, health aide Intermittent daytiae Adjacent to living area and/or bedrooi, possibly near coiplex activity area Planters or stall gardening space, outdoor furniture, storage Cieanable, outdoor surfaces: tile, concrete, grass Visual privacy yet view of site activity; night lighting Acoustical privacy yet contact with site activity Non slip surfaces, 42" railings on upper floor balconies 50 square feet ainiiui; enough to accoiodate two chairs and a table; 5'-0" liniiua diaension Soie privacy should be obtained. Feeling of safety iaportant; while railings should be fairly transparent, they should also look strong. ^-o"M IN • O" fts&P. ^AA/ ZONE ACTIVITY SET Seai Private Dining Root PRIMARY ACTIVITIES Dining, visiting, relaxing, serving, returning dishes SUPPORTIVE ACTIVITIES Cleaning USERS SCHEDULE Residents, staff, kitchen personnel, visitors Three teals a day primarily, otherwise intermittent ADJACENCY Adjacent to kitchen, dish return; near to janitor facility, resident lounge or waiting area, restroois; centralized location for all units FURNISHIN6 I EQUIPMENT Dining tables, chairs, serving window and dish return (if cafeteria style), condiaent and silverware tables FINISHES VISUAL HVAC ACOUSTICAL SAFETY DIMENSIONS REMARKS Easy to clean surfaces: linoleua, tile, wood, plastic laainate, •etal, glass Daylighting to greatest extent possible, adjustable lighting, good light level, pleasant colors, good view desirable Adjustable heating and cooling, good ventilation Acoustical treataent important! Non slip flooring, handicapped accessible, fire safety, exits 6eneral guideline: 20 square feet per seat Dining is one of the tost important activities in a person's day. Residents nay spend quite a bit of their tiae in this space; should be a pleasant ataosphere where one would not feel rushed. A goal should be to help thea feel as auch at hoae as possible. ZONE ACTIVITY SET S«»i Private 6roup Kitchen PRIMARY ACTIVITIES SUPPORTIVE ACTIVITIES USERS SCHEDULE ADJACENCY FURNISHIN6 t EQUIPMENT FINISHES VISUAL HVAC ACOUSTICAL SAFETY DIMENSIONS REMARKS Cooking, serving Cleaning, storage Residents, staff, visitors Intermittent daytiie and evening Near large lounge or teeting area, near dining root Residential kitchen appliances: range, oven, sink, dishwasher, storage, countertops, refrigerator Cleanable aaterials: tile, linoleui, aetal, wood, plastic laainate, enaael paint 6ood lighting important; task lighting Adjustable heating and cooling, good ventilation Acoustical treatnent Non slip flooring, fire extinguishers, emergency bell (?) Residents' kitchen could serve as coffeshop run by residents. ZONE ACTIVITY SET Semi Private Library PRIMARY ACTIVITIES SUPPORTIVE ACTIVITIES USERS SCHEDULE ADJACENCY FURNISHINS t EQUIPMENT FINISHES VISUAL HVAC ACOUSTICAL SAFETY DIMENSIONS Reading, browsing for books, quiet visiting Cleaning Residents, staff Intermittent daytime, evening Central location Chairs, lounge chairs, tables, bookshelves, aagazine racks, coffeetables Soft, vara materials: carpet, wood, plastic laminate, fabric Daylighting and good task lighting important; higher level of illumination. View desirable but not imperative Adjustable heating and cooling Acoustical treatment important; privacy from adjacent spaces 6ood lighting, non slip surfaces REMARKS Should be a flexible space. ZONE ACTIVITY SET Seai Private Chapel PRIMARY ACTIVITIES SUPPORTIVE ACTIVITIES USERS SCHEDULE ADJACENCY FURNISHING I EQUIPMENT FINISHES VISUAL HVAC ACOUSTICAL SAFETY DIMENSIONS REMARKS Religious services and activities, individual religious activities, Mditation Cleaning Residents, staff, religious practitioners, visitors Scheduled regularly, intermittent daytime and evening Central location Adjustable seating, lectern, tables, religious iteas Soft, vara aaterials: carpet, fabric, acoustical treatment, wood Adjustable lighting, task and spot lighting Adjustable heating and cooling Acoustics very important; acoustical privacy froa adjacent areas Handicapped accessibility, exits Hay be »ost practical to design for use by individuals and groups of 4- 6 rather than for organized worship ZONE ACTIVITY SET Seii Private Laundry PRIMARY ACTIVITIES Using washer and dryer, washing by hand, visiting, obtaining change and soap, folding, ironing, reading SUPPORTIVE ACTIVITIES Cleaning, repairing »achines USERS SCHEDULE ADJACENCY FURNISHING & EQUIPMENT FINISHES VISUAL HVAC ACOUSTICAL SAFETY DIMENSIONS REMARKS Residents, staff, cleaning staff, health aides Intermittent doming to early evening Accessible to all units, adjacent to lounge or alcove for waiting Coaiercial washers, dryers, tables, baskets, chairs, sagazine tables, front loading washers and dryers for wheelchair use Cleanable Mater ia l s : l ino leua , tile, enaiel paint, plastic la»inate Bright, cheery aaterials and colors, good aibient and task lighting. Visual contact froi lounge into laundry. Adjustable heating and cooling; cooling and ventilation of particular importance Acoustical treatment important; separate laundry acoustically fro» adjacent spaces Non slip floors of particular importance Encourage laundry to serve as a social activity. General guideline: one wasner/dryer per 20 units W •• w Vl£W - A v/azt-T/&2. a V/£W * ZONE ACTIVITY SET Seni Private Recreation PRIMARY ACTIVITIES SUPPORTIVE ACTIVITIES USERS SCHEDULE ADJACENCY FURNISHING I EQUIPMENT FINISHES VISUAL HVAC ACOUSTICAL SAFETY DIMENSIONS REMARKS Visiting, cards, gates, bingo, reading Cleaning, Meting, setting up activities Residents, staff, visitors Intermittent daytine, evening Near restrooas, central location Tables, chairs, bulletin board, storage Mart, soft Mterials: carpet, fabric, acoustical treat»ent, wood bright, cheery colors Daylighting, good aabient and task lighting, adjustable. Viev desirable Adjustable heating and cooling Acoustical treatient iaportant; acoustical privacy froa adjacent spaces Non slip flooring, handicapped accessible Hay be used by aged in neighborhood. ZONE ACTIVITY SET Se«i Private Crafts PRIMARY ACTIVITIES SUPPORTIVE ACTIVITIES USERS SCHEDULE ADJACENCY FURNISHING I EQUIPMENT FINISHES VISUAL HVAC ACOUSTICAL SAFETY DIMENSIONS REMARKS Saving, leather work, painting, ceraiics, tiscellaneous craft activities, cleaning Displaying and storing crafts Residents, staff, visitors Interiittent in daytiae Near restroon, seii public area Craft tables, chairs, benches, storage dravers and cabinets, storage lockers, cubicles, kiln (?) Cleanable surfaces, bright colors: plastic laninate, linoleun, carpet, vood, aetal, enaael paint Daylighting iaportant, high general light level, possible view froa public space into crafts Adjustable heating and cooling, good ventilation Acoustical treataent iaportant Non slip floors, good lighting Variation in activity, furniture layout iiportatant; consider using Moveable storage systei as space divider. ZONE ACTIVITY SET PRIMARY ACTIVITIES SUPPORTIVE ACTIVITIES USERS SCHEDULE ADJACENCY FURNISHING I EQUIPMENT FINISHES VISUAL HVAC ACOUSTICAL SAFETY DIMENSIONS REMARKS Seai Private Shop Woodworking, a«tal working, repair Cleaning Residents, staff Intermittent daytiae Accessible froa exterior Workbenches, soae wood and a«talworking equipaent, storage, seating Mood, resilient flooring 6ood aabient and task lighting, daylighting Adjustable heating and cooling, good ventilation, operable windows Acoustical treataent Non slip flooring, eaergency bell, first aid kit ZONE ACTIVITY SET Seai Private Physical Therapy PRIMARY ACTIVITIES SUPPORTIVE ACTIVITIES USERS SCHEDULE ADJACENCY FURNISHING I EQUIPMENT FINISHES VISUAL HVAC ACOUSTICAL SAFETY DIMENSIONS REMARKS Massage, exercises, swisting, stretching Dressing, showering, cleaning Residents, health aides, staff, physical therapist Intermittent daytite, early evening Central location in high use area, outside access Massage table, exercise bicycles, exercise equipment, Jacuzzi, switting pool, showers, dressing root, clothing storage, exercise •ats, nusic systet Cleanable taterials: tile, netal, enanel paint; soft naterials in exercise root: carpet, fabric, acoustical treatment, bright colors 6ood lighting, adjustable light levels Adjustable heating and cooling, good ventilation Acoustical treatment important; acoustical privacy fron adjacent spaces Non slip flooring itportant! Handicapped accessibility, grab bars at showers, jacuzzi, emergency bell at pool, jacuzzi, shovers Allow for viewing of root before entering. Group exercise equipment conversationally ZONE ACTIVITY SET PRIMARY ACTIVITIES SUPPORTIVE ACTIVITIES USERS SCHEDULE ADJACENCY FURNISHING I EQUIPMENT FINISHES VISUAL HVAC ACOUSTICAL SAFETY DIMENSIONS REMARKS Seti Private Outdoor Recreation Sitting, visiting, sunbathing, walking, barbequeing, gardening, gates 6roundskeeping Residents, health aides, staff, visitors Intermittent daytine, evening Accessible fron all najor parts of coaplex, near restrooas Moveable and fixed seats, lights, planters, reflective ponds, barbeques, shading devices, gate equipment (espKially horseshoes) and storage, picnic tables, garden plots, greenhouse Concrete, plant aaterials, brick, tile, wood Visual access froa units, yet visual privacy where desired. View of activity areas. 6ood lighting at night. Sun and wind protection Non slip surfaces, good lighting, handicapped accessibility. If brick or tile is used, Mist be very even with flush joints. 6reat variety in privacy, activity, and size of spaces; create a sense of neighborhood. Clearly differentiate coaaunal outdoor space fron residents' private outdoor space. Locate seating with view of circulation paths. Provide a place for pets. ZONE ACTIVITY SET Seai Public lounge PRIMARY ACTIVITIES Relaxing, visiting, talking, witching people, greeting visitors, reading, watching television, playing gaaes, parties SUPPORTIVE ACTIVITIES Cleaning USERS SCHEDULE ADJACENCY Residents, health aides, visitors, staff Constant daytiae, evening Near restroots, circulation paths, adainistrative area, activity areas FURNISHIN6 I EQUIPMENT Chairs, couches, coffeetables, laaps. Cluster furniture. FINISHES VISUAL HVAC ACOUSTICAL SAFETY DIMENSIONS REMARKS Soft, warn aaterials: carpet, fabric, wood, acoustical treataent, tile Adjustable task and aabient lighting, daylighting iaportant, good view of exterior and activity areas Adjustable heating and cooling Acoustical treataent iaportant Non slip flooring, handicapped accessible General guideline: 35 square feet per unit for total coaaunity areas This is likely to be a center of social activity and one of the aost used spaces; should be inviting, with variation in space type and privacy level. Residents should be able to survey root before deciding whether to enter. Acoustically and physically isolate television viewing space froa lounge if possible. Consider outdoor patio with seating. ZONE S«ai Public ACTIVITY SET Meeting PRIMARY ACTIVITIES SUPPORTIVE ACTIVITIES USERS SCHEDULE ADJACENCY FURNISHING * EQUIPMENT FINISHES VISUAL HVAC ACOUSTICAL SAFETY DIMENSIONS REMARKS Hitting, talking, attending stall shows, visiting vith guests Cltaning, serving food, setting up furniture Residents, guests, speakers, relatives, staff, cleaning staff Intertittent daytite and evening Near public entrance, central location, near public restroots Conference table and chairs, chalkboard, lectern Soft, vara aaterials: carpet, fabric, wood, acoustic treatment Flexible lighting, good light level; view not itperative Flexible heating and cooling, good ventilation Acoustical treattent important Non slip flooring, handicapped accessibility, exit signage Flexibility itportant in furnishings, lighting, use. Consider several teeting spaces. Can share space vith another activity such as church services. ZONE ACTIVITY SET Seni public Multipurpose Root PRIMARY ACTIVITIES SUPPORTIVE ACTIVITIES USERS SCHEDULE ADJACENCY FURNISHIN6 I EQUIPMENT FINISHES VISUAL HVAC ACOUSTICAL SAFETY DIMENSIONS REMARKS Fills, theatrical or ausical productions, lectures, large Meetings, dances, parties Storing and setting up furniture and equipment, cleaning Residents, staff, visitors, public Scheduled events, intermittent otherwise Near public restroois, furniture and equiptent storage, dressing root, lobby Moveable chairs, lighting public address/tusic systen, lectern, tables, toveable partitions, fill screen, fill projector, storage Soft, warn laterials: carpet, fabric, vood, acoustical treatment Adjustable lighting, spotlighting Adjustable heating and cooling, good ventilation Acoustical quality important! Isolate acoustically froi adjacent spaces May be required to coaply vith codes for asseably areas. Handicapped accessibility, exit signage Flexibility is probably the tost important quality; allow for variation in space size, furniture arrangetent, lighting, sound. Multipurpose root nay share activities, such as dining. ZONE ACTIVITY SET Seai Public Resident Mailboxes PRIMARY ACTIVITIES SUPPORTIVE ACTIVITIES USERS SCHEDULE ADJACENCY FURNISHIN6 St EQUIPMENT FINISHES VISUAL HVAC ACOUSTICAL SAFETY DIMENSIONS REMARKS Receiving and sending tail, purchasing staaps, talking, putting up notices Cleaning Residents, staff, postal personnel Intermittent daytiae Central location, near coaaunity space Mailboxes (preferably rear accessed), shelves, parcel storage, table and chairs, bulletin board Mara, deanable aaterials: carpet, plastic laainate, wood, tile, bright colors Good overall lighting, daylighting if possible, visual privacy froa public areas Adjustable heating and cooling, ventilation Acoustical treatment Non slip floors, handicapped accessible Mailbox locks should open with apartient key if feasible ZONE ACTIVITY SET Seai Public Bar ( Coffteshop PRIMARY ACTIVITIES SUPPORTIVE ACTIVITIES USERS SCHEDULE ADJACENCY FURNISHIN6 & EQUIPMENT FINISHES VISUAL HVAC ACOUSTICAL SAFETY DIMENSIONS Drinking coffee and drinks, visiting, happy hour activities, snacks Serving coffee and drinks, collecting aoney, cleaning Residents, visitors, staff Inter»ittent daytiie, evening Adjacent to lounge, resident kitchen, near to restrooas, centrally located Bar, tables, seating, cash register (?), refrigerator, sink, food and beverage storage, coffeeaaker, toaster oven or licrovave, countertop Soft, vara but cleanable aaterials: carpet, fabric, wood, tile, aetal, plastic laainate Adjustable task and aabient lighting Adjustable heating and cooling, good ventilation Acoustic treataent iaportant Non slip flooring, obvious exits REMARKS Design for use and operation by residents ZONE ACTIVITY SET PRIMARY ACTIVITIES SUPPORTIVE ACTIVITIES USERS SCHEDULE ADJACENCY FURNISHING & EQUIPMENT FINISHES VISUAL THERMAL ACOUSTICAL SAFETY DIMENSIONS REMARKS Seai Public Barber/Beauty Shop Cutting and styling hair, shaving, tanicuring, socializing, waiting Cleaning, stocking supplies Residents, health aides, staff, barber/beauty technician By appointment, daytiae Public areas Barber chair, counters, storage, chairs, coffeetables Cleanable naterials: tile, linoleua, plastic laainate, aetal, wood, carpet Task and aabient lighting, daylighting if possible Adjustable heating and cooling, good ventilation Acoustic treatment Non slip flooring ZONE ACTIVITY SET Se»i Public Corridors PRIMARY ACTIVITIES Access and egress, visiting SUPPORTIVE ACTIVITIES Cleaning Residents, staff, visitors Frequent, aostly daytiae, evening l\//. have toeen designed in a planning sense only. CONGREGATE APARTMENTS Typical Dining Building 17, 800 SF One Bedroom Apartments 9 576 SF 5, 184 SF Two Bedroom Apartments 4 <§ 864 SF 3, 456 SF Lounges 3 480 SF U 440 SF Dini ng If 344 SF Kitchen 480 SF Break fast 384 SF Laundry 192 SF Admi ni str at i on 768 SF Rest Rooms 2 126 SF 252 SF Typical Apartment Building 11, 520 SF One Bedroom Apartments 6 576 SF 3, 456 SF Two Bedroom Apartments 3 864 SF 2, 592 SF Lounge 864 SF Ki tchen 260 SF Break fast 384 SF Laundry 192 SF Rest Rooms 2 126 SF 252 SF Total Building Area 101, 800 SF SENIOR CENTER Dining Building 5,760 SF Dining Room 2,880 SF Kitchen 935 gp Coffeeshop 360 SF Lounge 1,152 SF Rest Rooms 2 @ 144 SF 288 SF Recreation Building 17,280 SF Mul tipurpose/Meeting Room 3,456 SF Lounge 2,304 SF Adrni ni strat i on 1,010 SF Adult Day Care/Medical 864 SF Barber/Beauty Shop 144 SF Craft/Occupational Therapy 1,730 SF Recreation 1,440 SF Rest Rooms 2 @ 168 SF 336 SF Athletic Building Exerc i se Lockers/Dressi ng Jacuzzi Sauna Physical Therapy 2 @ 720 SF 5,820 SF 3,360 SF 1,440 SF 168 SF 72 SF 440 SF Total Building Area 28,860 SF ooo LIST OF REFERENCES American Institute of Architects. Desi an for Aainas An Archi tect9s Guide- Washington, D.C.: The AIA Press, 1985. American Society of Landscape Architects Foundation. Barr i er Free Si te Desi an - Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, 1975. Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board. Uni form Federal Accessibi1i tv Standards. Washington, D.C.s General Services Administration, 1984. Bednar, Michael J., ed. Communitv Development Series/ 33s Barr i er-Free Environments. Stroudsburg, Pennsy 1vanias Dowden, Hut chi nson & Ross, Inc., 1977. "Building Types Study 501: Housing the Aging." Archi tectural Record. v. 161, May 1977, pp. 122-38. Carstens, Diane Y. Site PIannina and Desi an for the Elder1v; Issues. Guidelines and Alternatives. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1985. Crosbie, Michael. "Handsome Village of Housing for Elderly." AIA Journal. v. 71, Dec. 1982, pp. 54-55. Dixon, John Morris. "Competition for Longevity." Proaressive Archi tecture. v. 62, Aug. 1981, pp. 69-71. Green, Isaac, et al. Housina for the Elder1vs The Development and Desi an Process. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1975. Harkness, Sarah P., and Groom, James N. , Jr. Bui 1 ding Wi thout Barr i er s for the Handicapped. New York: Whitney Library of Design, 1976. Harrigan, John E. , and Janet R. Human Factors Proaram for Ar c h i t ec t s. Inter ior Designers and CIi ents. San Luis Obispo, California: Blake Printing and Publishing, 197&. Hoglund, J. David. Housi ng for the Elder1v: Pr i vac v and Independence in Environments for the Aaina. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1985. Howell, Sandra C. Desi anina for Aai na: Patterns of Use. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 1980. Hoyt, Charles K. "Better Answers in Housing the Elderly with Care: Maple Knott Village." Archi tectural Record. v. 163, Mar. 1978, pp. 95—100. Jordan, Joe J. Senior Center Design: An Architect's Discussion of Faci1itv Planning. Washington, D.C.: National Council on the Aging, Inc., 1978. Jordan, Joe J. Senior Center Faci1itiess An Architectrs Evaluation of Buildinq Design. Eguipment and Furnishings. Washington, D.C.s National Council on the Aging, Inc., 1975. Jordan, Joe J. "Recognizing and Designing for the Special Needs of the Elderly." AIA Journal. v. 66, Sep 1977, pp. 50-55. Michigan State Housing Development Authority. Housino for the Elderly Development Process. Lansing, Michigan: The Michigan State Housing Development Authority, 1974 Morton, David. "Congregate Living." Proqressive Archi tecture. v. 62, Aug. 1981, pp. 64-68. "P/A Award for Housing for the Elderly Development Process: Beckett Jackson Raeder, Inc. and O'Dell, Hewlett & Luckenbach, Inc." Progressive Architecture. v. 56, Jan. 1975, pp. 76-77. Robinette, Gary 0., ed. Barrier-free Exterior Design: Anyone Can Go Anvwhere. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1985. Rose, Edgar A. Housing for the Aged. Teakfield Limited, Westmead, England: Saxon house, 1978. Rush, Richard. "The Age of the Aging." Progressive Archi tecture. v. 62, Aug. 1981, pp. 59-63. Sommer, Robert. Personal Space: The Behavioral Basis of Desi on. Eng1ewood Cliffs, New Jer sey: Pr enb i e e -Hal1, Inc., 1969. Stephens, Suzanne. "Hidden Barriers: Perceptual Factors." Progressive Architecture. v. 59, Apr. 1978, pp. 94-97 Stephens, Suzanne. "The New Gray Neighbor." Proaressive Archi tecture. v. 62, Aug. 1981, pp. 72-75. Weiss, Joseph Douglas. Better Bui 1di ngs for the Aged. New York: Hopkinson and Blake, 1969. APPENDIX A - THE EFFECTS OF AGING Aging affects people in many ways; in addition to physical changes, there are psychological and social changes. Many of these effects are not immediately apparent, yet they may be as limiting as obvious physical disability. Design for the aged or the "handicapped" is often limited to providing accessibility to persons in wheelchairs. This may be in part because such standards are easily set down and enforced. They do not, however, necessarily make the environment accessible to those who do not have complete upper body flexibility or strength, or to those who have limitations of other types. The following is a list of some of the effects of aging, with accompanying design recommendations. 1»2 This is intended as a general guideline or checklist, but is not necessarily complete. It would be a mistake to assume that all persons age in the same manner or at the same rate, or that any one person would be affected by all of these changes. However, in designing a facility for the aged one must take into consideration the extremes of condition in limiting physical, psychological and social barriers. MECHANICAL SYSTEMS Muscular System Reduction of muscle strength and bulk Tendons and .joints less flexible Weakened muscles may require canes, walkers, wheelchairs Diminished muscle control, motor ability, coordination Tremor© possible, making precise activities difficult Balance affected Speed of motion reduced Lifestyle is often more sedentary, with less exercise lHoglund, J. David. Housino for the Elder 1 vs F'rivacv and Independence i n Envi r onrnents for the Aqi nq. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1985, pp. 4-14. ^American Institute of Architects. Desi qn for Aqi nq s A£L Archi tect' s Gui de. Washington, D.C.: The AIA Press, 1385, pp. Skeletal System Bones become more brittle; healing takes longer Change in height and posture; may be difficult to stand erect Reduced flexibility and range of movement Arthritis a common affliction, affecting grasp and movement Bending, rising, twisting may become difficult Design Recommendations Walking surface is very important; avoid slippery surfaces, loose rugs and raised projections Take into consideration the fact that most data on wheelchairs make the assumption that the user has full arm and torso strength and flexibility; this is not true of many elderly in wheelchairs Low and high items, such as shelves and outlets, may be difficult to reach All chairs should be provided with arms Limit devices that require grasping, twisting or precise action, such as doorknobs, faucets, and button- activated devices Provide ample space for personal care and bathroom ac t .1 v i. t; i es Provide and encourage physical activity and exercise DETECTION SENSES Sight The structure of the eye changes with age, affecting visual acuity, depth perception, and color intensity Focusing between near and far objects takes longer Adjusting to changes in light level takes longer; glare is particular problem Higher levels of illumination are required Lens of eye yellows and thickens with age, causing change i color perception and difficulty in distinguishing hues blues, greens and purples are particularly difficult Depth perception may be affected Edges of stairs and change in floor level may not be percei ved Tunnel vision, or blurring around the periphery of vision, may be a problem Hearing and Equilibrium Loss of hearing is common with age Difficulty of distinguishing speech from background noise Hearing loss may occur at specific frequencies; this may make speech difficult to understand. Increased volume does not help with this disorder Ear and hearing disorders may disrupt balance Taste, Smell and Touch Smell and taste senses decline with age; food may not be enjoyable Sense of pain and pressure on the skin declines with age Sensitivity to temperature may be reduced, increasing chance of burning or scalding injuries Subtle changes in textures may not be discernible The aged often operate in a narrower thermal comfort zone and have an increased susceptibility to hypothermia and frostbite. They are particularly uncomfortable in a draft Design Recommendations Architectural design focuses on the sense of sight Sight and hearing are important for interpreting the environment and warning of danger; other senses add to information about the environment Use redundant cuing to compensate for loss in one or more of the senses; for example, use audible and visual alarms Make sure sensory clues are clear and obvious Distant objects may not be perceived clearly; try not to rely on distant details as clues Reduce glare; use indirect lighting where possible, do not put windows at the end of corridors, limit use of reflective or polished surfaces Signage should be large enough to read with blurred vision Provide gradual change in lighting levels Audible information should be clear Limit background and mechanical noise Tactile clues may be helpful on walking surfaces, handrails and wall surfaces Pay particular attention to thermal control and drafts CONTROL SYSTEMS Digestive System Digestive disorders and constipation may be a problem Poor bladder control and incontinence require frequent trips to the bathroom Improper diet is a common problem, particularly among elderly men. Reasons may include financial problems, lack of companionship, change in the senses of smell and taste, lack of cooking facilities, and low energy levels Respiratory System Breathing efficiency diminishes with age Respiratory diseases may occur Elderly may become winded with activity Cardiovascular System Efficiency of circulatory system declines with age Reduced blood supply to the brain may cause dizziness, blackouts or blurred vision Design Recommendations Respiratory and cardiovascular disorders are often overlooked in design and handicapped standards Provide elevators in addition to stairs Provide easily accessible bathrooms at frequent locations The sound of cascading water, as in fountains, may cause accidents in persons with bladder control problems Dining should be an opportunity for socialization; dining rooms and eat-in kitchens should be pleasant and light, and not institutional COMMUNICATING SYSTEMS Endocrine Systems Endocrine system produces hormones controlling a variety of functions Reduced adrenal activity limits body's ability to cope with stress, to react quickly, and to sustain physical activity Reproductive system hormones change with age, although this does not necessarily restrict sexual activity Nervous System Uhanges in the nervous system affect movement, reflexes and r eact i on t i me Stereotypical changes of the nervous system include senility, loss of memory, and the inability to develop new skills Disease and change with age may affect motor abilities by reducing coordination Rate of memory retrieval declines with age; long-term memory is especially affected Poor feedback about position of body limbs may be* a problem Design Recommendations Quick reactions, strength and agility are taken for granted in the built environment. Many mechanical devices, such as elevator doors, are time-operated. Allow for greater reaction time and slower speeds Provide places for those who require frequent rests Avoid confusing circulation routes and poor graphics Symmetrical or repetitive buildings can cause disorientation Provide landmarks, simple coding or color systems Reduced efficiency in memory requires repetitive cuing Avoid self-locking doors Provide lights or other cues on stoves, etc. PSYCHOLOGICAL CHANGES speed with which we process, store, summon and express information may decline physical changes can have depressing and debilitating psychological effect generalized sense of insecurity and loss of control limited activity can result in reduced stimulation difficulty in creating cognitive maps of unfamiliar settings and understanding new envi r onrnents SOCIAL CHANGES loss of spouse family roles altered retirement - no longer earning money - man hanging around the house — man finding himself in womens world limitations in mobility in larger world separation from family and friends Child-rearing energies put elsewhere peer group no longer workers; di fferent conversation social attitudes segregation to elderly facilities APPENDIX B ORGANIZATIONS FOR THE AGED Administration on Aging Department of Health, Education and Welfare Washington DC 20201 American Association of Homes for the Aging 1050 17th Street, NW Suite 770 Washington, DC 20036 (202) 296-5960 American Association for International Aging 1511 K Street NW Suite 1028 Washington DC 20005 ( 202 !> 638-6815 American Association of Retired Persons 1909 K Street NW Washington, DC 20049 (202) 872-4700 American Geriatrics Society, Inc. 10 Columbus Circle New York, New York 10019 American Institute of Architects AIA Database on Designing for Aging 1735 New York Avenue NW Washington DC 20006 (202) 626-7300 American Society on Aging 833 Market Street, Room 516 San Francisco, California 94103 (415) 543-2617 Concerned Seniors for Better Government 1300 Connecticut Avenue NW Washington DC 20036 (202) 857-5200 Department of Housing and Urban Development Information Center 451 Seventh Street SW Washington DC 20410 (202) 755-6420 Gerontological Society of America 1411 K Street NW Suite 300 Wash i ngt on DC 20005 (202) 393-1411 Gray Panthers 311 South Juniper Street Suite 601 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107 <202) 438—0276 National Association of Area Agencies on Aging 600 Maryland Avenue SW Suite 208 Washington DC 20024 <202) 484-7520 National Association of Mature People 2000 N Street NW Apt. 8 Washington DC 20036 <202) 293-6418 National Caucus/Center on Black Aged, Inc. 1424 K Street NW Suite 50C Washington DC 20005 <202) 637-8400 National Center for a Barrier Free Environment 1015 15th Street NW Suite 700 Washington DC 20005 <202) 466-6896 National Council on the Aging 600 Maryland Avenue SW Washington DC 20024 <202) 479-1200 National Council of Senior Citizens 925 15th Street NW Washington DC 20005 <202) 347-8800 01 der Women' s League c/o New York Center for Policy on Aging New York Community Trust 415 Madison Avenue New York, New York 10017 <212) 758-0100 APPENDIX C DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION FOR CITRUS HEIGHTS The following is a selection of demographic statistics on Citrus Heights taken from the 1980 census. Population Median Age Age by Groups 0-4 years 5-17 18-64 65+ 85,911 28.4 years 8.7% 21.6-/. 63.27. 6.67. Median Income Race-Ethnic i ty: Wh i t e Black Asi an Spani sh Other $20,306 90.07. 1. 67. 2.47. 5.77. .47. Mean Household Size Household Composit i on: One Person Two+ Persons: Married Couple Mai e, No Wi fe Female, No Husband Non Family Total Housing Units Houses Mob i1e Homes Condomi ni urns Group Quarters Median Housing Unit Value Med i an Cont r act Rent Median Gross Rent Householders Living in their Unit 10 years or more Persons 65 Years and Older: In Farni 1 y Household In Nonfamily Household In Group Quarters 2.77 persons 17.67. 63.87. 2.97. 9.97. 5.97. 35,575 Units 88.27. 4.57. 6.07. 1 .37. $69,000 % 271/month (Contract Rent + Utilities) $ 307/month 13.27. 68. 17. 27.07. 4.97. Persons 65 Years and Older Below Poverty Threshold 6.47. MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES 762 0079343 7 : ' "