r P378 .K8683 t^ontana State University Library. Bozemar STE-TO-ENERGY FACILITY SHADY GROVE MARYLAND evo krouse thesis II STATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY A Waste-To-Energy Facility for Shady Grove, Maryland Eva Marie Krause A professional paper submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Architecture Montana State University Bozeman, Montana December 1988 Approved: Statement of Permission to Copy In presenting this paper in partial fulfillment of the requirement for a Bachelor of Architecture degree at Montana State University, I agree that the library shall make it freely available for inspection and study. I father agree that permission for extensive copying of the document for scholarly purposes may be granted by my major professor or in her absence, by the head of the Library. It is understood that any coping of this paper for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 1 How a Waste-to-Energy Facility Works 7 Analysis of Four Facilities 8 MONTGOMERY COUNTY Location and Need of Facility 15 Brief Economical Facts 18 General Information 19 Zoning 20 Building Codes 21 Site Analy si s 23 WASTE-TO-ENERGY FACILITY Site Analysis 34 Space Analysis 41 Final Statement 62 List of Operation Incinerators 64 Bibliography 66 Calvin and Hobbes by Bill Watterson OH MM GOSH, TUAT ROCK Moved.' there's something UNDER IT/ IS THE MARTIN ^ rUL> SELLOUT THERE?/ TAKE A m do m THINK. THE MARTIAN HID FROM MAX BE MARTIANS DONT UK£ E&RTHUNGS. ,Nr IT MUST BE A MARTIAN ! OH NO! OH NO! ITS PROmi SOME CREEP! TENTACLED, BUG-EXED WRE RIGHT/ THERE'S A TENTACLE NOW / ITS COMING OUT/ WHAT WIU. Wfc DOS 7 I DONT SEE WHX MOT? wm SCAftED OF HIM. XEAH, BUT MfflF JUST ORDINARY EARTHUNGS, MOT WEIRDOS FROM ANOTHER PLANET LIKE HE IS HIM. HE MUST HIDDEN ?? HAVE HIDDEN. I DOtWTMINK „ 4 HE'S SCARED ' * OF OS ? DON'T LIKE US.?/ HUM'S NOT TO LIKE ?? THERE'S NOTHING WRONG WITH HUMANS! 1 *1 ^if HEI.IOW MARTIAN! CfcMEON GOT' WE'RE NOT BAD.' WE JUST CAME HERE BECAUSE PEOPLE POLLUTED CUR. OWN PLANET 90 MUCH THAT.* OH.. WHAT I MEAN. IS„. UM... SO WHAT ARE >(0U SMlNG? TWKT OUR REPUTAT\ON PRECEDED US? WOULD VOU WEVCOME IM A DOG TUAT WASN'T HOUSE TRAINED? CH9M UOIWKMI Nil SynOtc— E O t3 zx o fiZ IE Garbage, waste, refuse, the unusable and unwanted by­ products of our everyday existence. Creating it is easy, getting rid of it isn't. At first when man was well dispersed and life wasn't as easy, man was more frugal with what he had. What little there was that couldn't be reused or recycled could be left to rot, either buried, if close to home, or just dropped and left lying. Nature could set things right. But as men began to gather and settle in more confined places, their garbage started to pile up, attracting vermin and spreading disease. A new solution was sought. "The first mass burn technology was initiated 3000 years ago in India where mounds of garbage were burned."1 This worked but the smell was rather offensive. So we continue to build our cities without giving any thought of what to do with the increasing amount of waste that comes with increasing population. When the smell, vermin and rats become a problem people start to look for other solutions. "The first municipal refuse collection system in the U.S., Philadelphia's, consisted of slaves wading out into the Delaware River to toss bales of trash into the current."2 So now we dump, burn, or toss our garbage in our lakes, oceans and rivers and hide it behind a grove of trees in someone else's backyard. We don't worry about it, we just continue to build our cities as we always have, without addressing the problem of waste. But as new technology makes life easier and new materials are invented, the amount of garbage that we produce is increasing drastically. The average American produces a ton of solid waste a year. Life is easier, we are able to produce things faster and cheaper, and we can throw things out that are soiled, worn out, unusable or just not wanted any more. Our garbage has changed, though. We spend millions to develop new materials that last longer so we can throw them away faster. We have created a disposable culture. We have disposable dippers, throw away 1 "Ashes to Ashes, Junk to Junk - A Look at Our Trashy Past" Twin Cities Reader 19 Aug. 1987, p. 6 2 Peter Seinhart, "Down in the Dumps" Audubon May 1986 p.103 cameras, handy one-serving packaging, soda in easy open cans, and burgers in stay-warm styrofoam. These things were designed to last and they do (an orange peel w-ill rot away in 3 months, a wool sock in 1 to 5 years, compared to nylon fabric that takes 30 to 40 years or a plastic bottle 50 to 80 years.)3 Still we continued to dispose of new material using the same old methods. We burn it, but now not only is the smell bad, it makes people sick and creates acid rain. So burning was banned in the 70's. Dumping it in the water by the current no longer works because the garbage is washed down to the next city polluting their water. It kills the fish which hurts the fishing industry, and it washes back up on our beaches. So we go back to dumping it in someone else's backyard. Waste disposal is a big problem that is just getting bigger. Americans are producing more garbage than ever before but we haven't found a good method of disposing of it. The average American produces over 5 lbs. of garbage a day which amounts to more than 410,000 tons of solid waste is produced in this country every day. The city of New york produces 27000 tons of solid waste a day, which is disposed of in the only two landfills that the city has left. The city has closed fourteen other landfills in the last twenty years, so now it dumps its garbage in the Brooklyn Navy Yards and the Fresh Kills landfills. The Fresh Kills landfill on Staten Island is the largest in the world. Over 4 million gallons of toxic liquids leach out of the landfill and into the Arthur Kills Waterway each day. Still New York dumps most of its garbage at Fresh Kills because there is no place else. 4 The image of the Islip garbage barge from New York, loaded with 3100 tons of garbage sailing around the ocean looking for a place to dump its load should still be fresh in many peoples minds. But the significance of it hasn't yet been realized by many Americans. Our garbage is becoming nomadic, traveling around looking for a place to rest, just to be kicked out of the few places that are not already taken. Cities export their garbage any where they can. 4 Allen Hershkowitz, "Burning Trash: How it Could Work" Technology Review July 1987 p.26 T h e c i t y o f S a n F r a n c i s c o r a n o u t o f d i s p o s a l s p a c e i n 1 9 6 8 . F o r t e n y e a r s i t t r u c k e d i t s g a r b a g e t h i r t y t w o m i l e s s o u t h t o Mo u n t a i n V i e w b u t M o u n t a i n V i e w n o l o n g e r w a n t i t . S o S a n F r a n c i s c o n o w s h i p s i t s g a r b a g e f i f t y f i v e m i l e s e a s t t o A l t o m o n t P a s s . B u t t h e c o n t r a c t w i t h A l t o m o n t w i l l e x p i r e t h i s y e a r ( 1 9 8 8 ) . I n p r e p a r a t i o n f o r a p o s s i b l e n o n - r e n e w a l o f t h e c o n t r a c t , S a n F r a n c i s c o h a s b e e n p a y i n g $ 2 . 5 m i l l i o n a y e a r f o r o v e r f o u r y e a r s t o t h e C o u n t y o f S o l a n o f o r t h e o p t i o n o f a f u t u r e d u m p i n g s i t e . 5 P h i l a d e l p h i a o n c e d u m p e d i t s t r a s h i n N e w J e r s e y . B u t n o w N e w J e r s e y r e f u s e s t o e x c e p t P h i l a d e l p h i a ' s w a s t e . S o P h i l a d e l p h i a s e n d s i t s g a r b a g e t o a n y o n e w h o w i l l t a k e i t , B a l t i m o r e , H a r r i s b u r g , S c r a t o n , e v e n t o Oh i o . 6 T h e r e j u s t i s n ' t e n o u g h l a n d f i l l s p a c e a v a i l a b l e . M o r e t h a n h a l f o f t h e c i t i e s i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s w i l l h a v e e x h a u s t e d t h e i r c u r r e n t l a n d f i l l s b y 1 9 9 0 . L e s s t h a n h a l f o f t h e l a n d f i l l s t h a t a r e o p e n h a v e v a l i d o p e r a t i n g p e r m i t s . 7 S a f e l a n d f i l l s a r e e x p e n s i v e t o b u i l d a n d f i n d i n g a c c e p t a b l e s i t e s i s a l m o s t i m p o s s i b l e . I n t h e e a r l y 7 0 ' s , A m e r i c a p l a n n e d t o s o l v e i t s g a r b a g e c r i s i s b y r e d u c i n g t h e v o l u m e o f t r a s h c r e a t e d . R e c y c l i n g m o r e a n d m a k i n g c a r e f u l c o n s u m e r c h o i c e s w o u l d a l l e v i a t e t h e e x p a n d i n g p r o b l e m . T o d a y A m e r i c a n s r e c y c l e o n l y a b o u t 1 0 % o f t h e i r w a s t e . T h e R e s o u r c e C o n s e r v a t i o n a n d R e c o v e r A c t ( R C R A ) w a s s e t u p i n 1 9 7 6 t o h e l p s t a t e s a n d l o c a l a g e n c i e s r e d u c e w a s t e , p r o m o t e r e c y c l i n g a n d p l a n f o r t h e f u t u r e . B u t a s t h e p r o b l e m b e c o m e s a c r i s i s , t h e g o v e r n m e n t a g e n c i e s d e v o t e l e s s a t t e n t i o n t o it . T h e R e a g a n A d m i n i s t r a t i o n h a s s t o p p e d f u n d i n g o f t h e R C R A p r o g r a m a n d m o s t o f t h e s t a t e s t h a t w e r e p a r t i c i p a t i n g h a v e p u l l e d o u t o f t h e i r p r o g r a m s . " C a l i f o r n i a , f o r e x a m p l e , o n c e b u d g e t e d $ 1 m i l l i o n f o r p u b l i c r e l a t i o n s a n d $ 6 m i l l i o n f o r g r a n t s t o l o c a l c o m m u n i t i e s t o h e l p r e d u c e w a s t e . I t n o l o n g e r d o e s . " 8 5 P e t e r S e i n h a r t " D o w n i n t h e D u m p s " A u d u b o n M a y 1 9 8 6 p . 1 0 3 6 i b i d . p . 1 0 5 7 "B u r n i n g T r a s h : H o w i t C o u l d W o r k " T e c h n o l o g y R e v i e w J u l y 1 9 8 7 p . 2 6 - 3 5 8 ib i d . p . 3 3 The problem has been accelerated by commercial industry as well as government. More of our advertising stresses the convenience of the single severing, the easy pour spout, the light weight plastic bottle, the extra liner to keep freshness in. One of every ten dollars is spent on packaging in the U.S. "Consumers are more willing to buy products with convenience factors." 9 Even if more of these produces where recycled by the consumers, industry is not set up to use the resulting produce and is unwilling to adapt. They site the problems of not being a dependable source and not having uniform quality as reasons for their reluctance. But there are 800 million tons of high grade steel sitting around in the form of old junk cars that could easily be reused. A more believable reason for industry's resistance would be the fact that virgin materials receive special tax benefits. There are depletion allowances of 15% for iron ore,and 22% for oil, aluminum and natural gas. The timber companies can treat the forests they harvest as capital gain.10 Since there is no sure market in the United States for recycled goods, a lot of what the public does separate is bundled and sent to landfills. Even if Americans would begin to recycle more and the market for recycled goods improved, not all garbage is recyclable. Japan, which has the most successful recycling programs in the world, can only recycle 65% of its waste at best. The rest is burned in resource recovery facilities and the ash disposed of in secure landfills. Environmental safety is a major concern with the Japanese and the Japanese spend much time and money to inform and involve the public. The Kyoto waste-to-energy has a control station that the public can walk up to and check the day's emission level. 11 9 ibid. p.30 10 Peter Seinhart. "Down in the Dumps" Audubon May 1986 p.102-110 11 Allen Hershkowitz, "Burning Trash: How it Could Work" Technology Review July 1987 p.30 T h e r e h a v e b e e n a t t e m p t s i n p a r t s o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s t o f o r c e r e c y c l i n g . S e v e r a l s t a t e s h a v e b o t t l e d e p o s i t l a w s a n d s o m e c o m m u n i t i e s h a v e s p e c i a l w a s t e d i s p o s a l l a w s . T h e N e w J e r s e y D e p a r t m e n t o f E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n h a s o r d e r e d t h a t a l l r e s i d e n t s m u s t s e p a r a t e a n d r e c y c l e t h e i r w a s t e . F o r c e d a n y t h i n g d o e s n o t g o w e l l w i t h t h e i d e a l o g i e s t h a t w e a l l l e a r n e a r l y i n l i f e a n d t h e r e a c t i o n o f t h e p u b l i c w a s n o t a p o s i t i v e o n e . T h e a d d e d e x p e n s e t o t h e p u b l i c o f h a v i n g t o b r i n g t h e i r o w n s e p a r a t e d w a s t e t o t h e r e c y c l i n g c e n t e r , u n t i l s u c h t i m e t h a t t h e c i t y c a n d e v i s e a n e w c o l l e c t i o n m e t h o d , h a s c r e a t e d m u c h r e s e n t m e n t . T h e a d v a n t a g e s o f w a s t e - t o - e n e r g y f a c i l i t i e s i s n o t i n t h e e n e r g y t h a t c a n b e c r e a t e d b y b u r n i n g o u r g a r b a g e , b u t i n t h e a b i l i t y t o r e d u c e t h e m a s s i v e a m o u n t s o f w a s t e t h a t w e c r e a t e . T h e r e i s n o n e e d t o s e p a r a t e g a r b a g e b e f o r e i t i s b u r n e d , a l t h o u g h t o d o s o w i l l h e l p c o n t r o l p o l l u t i o n a n d i m p r o v e t h e e f f i c i e n c y o f s u c h a f a c i l i t y . O n l y " a c c e p t a b l e w a s t e s " a r e b u r n e d i n t h e s e f a c i l i t i e s . A c c e p t a b l e w a s t e i s t h e m a t e r i a l s t h a t a r e n o r m a l l y f o u n d i n r e s i d e n t i a l s o l i d w a s t e a n d m o s t t y p e s o f c o m m e r i c a l a n d l i g h t i n d u s t r a i l s o l i d w a s t e . I t d o e s n o t a c c e p t n o n c o m b u s t i b l e c o n s t r u c t i o n o r d e m o l i t i o n d e b r i s , n o r w i l l i t p r o c e s s i n d u s t r i a l s l u d g e , h a z a r d o u s o r c h e m i c a l w a s t e s . T h e r e i s n o a d d e d c o s t t o t h e p u b l i c f o r s p e c i a l w a s t e c o l l e c t i o n m e t h o d s a n d s t o r a g e o f r e c y c l e d p r o d u c t s , u n t i l a m a r k e t f o r i t c a n b e f o u n d . 1 2 W h i l e i n c i n e r a t i o n i s n o t i n t e n d e d t o m a k e o u r w a s t e d i s a p p e a r , i t c a n r e d u c e i t b y 9 0 % o f i t s o r i g i n a l m a s s w h i c h c a n e x t e n d t h e l i f e o f m a n y l a n d f i l l s a n d r e d u c e t h e n e e d t o c r e a t e n e w o n e s . 1 2 " B a l t i m o r e ' s R e f u s e - t o - E n e r g y F a c i l i t y : B u r n i n g G a r b a g e D o w n t o w n " A W a s t e A g e A d v e r t i s i n g S e c t i o n p . 6 The ash that is created must be disposed of in secure landfills, but this is no different than how our garbage should be handled. Incineration does not create lead and cadminium in our trash; these things are put there by uninformed or unconcerned persons. The pollutants that people worry about contaminating their water by leaching out of the ash in landfills are the same ones that are leaching from the current landfills that are not properly built and maintained. Michigan has attributed at lest 139 cases of groundwater contamination to 1andf i11s . 13 Mass-burn is not a replacement for recycling, nor is it a final solution to all our problems. It is a workable method of controlling a problem that has gone unattended for too long. 13 Allen Hershkowitz. "Burning Trash: How it Could Work" Technology Review July 198 7 p.26 XKKKI T1PPIH6 AREA rUR0l|iE EU^ TKO^ AT!^ •ffl !Kvv o' K£.pUY^ Ten HOW A WASTE-TO-ENERGY FACILITY WORKS Trucks drive into the tipping area and dump refuse into an enclosed receiving pit. Without any prior sorting or shredding, refuse is transferred by overhead cranes from the pit to the feed hopper of each furnace. The refuse is moved on reciprocating gratis through the furnace, where combustion temperatures exceed 2500° Fahrenheit, Ai c from the refuse pit area is blown in above negative waterwall the steam from the beeo n i ng conveyor and below the grates to fuel the furnace and maintain pressure over the pit, preventing the escape of dust. A boiler above the grate area produces superheated steam, drives a turbine generator,which produces energy. &sh furnace is sprayed with water to help prevent it from airborne. The ash is then moved to the grizzly area by E VU <0 2 1U e: hi ID 2 LA belts where metals are separated disposed of:. from the ash before the asn is Jhe Reading of the Will CD#AA- KULFR, y / J £0 ^tA ^ J^n^OcuitVn FIRT*J~T/) JUSNXJT UJJ UFI FAJIXXY /YRUUTJI JMJTAJJXJU+VF' &UL4TL£ARTA. UJ&. JISSNSJQF £ ^ X TA± AU> OU*4T 44-, UAU TAJL ^KA^UXA AIFAUSN ^ AAFOT&SRFL , TAJTY'/TE <*MTF+AJTC CUD /YRTCLCA QJ/F SVUJLU/IJAJL SIA/URTAJLCJI^ , A* TU-T CFFU.AJI, U/UA^UX PAJVIAC F^F{AN AJWUUSVJRH. , <&& YCRU. '/I^ JKIRI £IUU*SUZY ASNXL F)JLN&URV\ ^ya^e^ri, &-UJT XAMX CCMU> FC X^ ^RRTOU .^ >J}R\#CVCX, TASI VNJLY' * C"*1 A*A*.TASR (JEU/L FL*>JU INDOOR TANNiNG.^ E CAN tr^nscendthe CRUDiTIES OF OCEAN BKTHiNG 5AV£ THE SEA! *«0»|C J HCTWOUKJNG 1 i » ii r — - -— »iiar onc ...'amiALLOW OUR 6REAT AQUEOUS FRIEND to SERVE US Am. A NEW V/Alf h. <0 As -tHE BI6SEST GARBAGE CAN /?; ~ Am. JtHE WORLD.' \ & " t^PHe ERA OF -tHE II STAGECOACHcwudltHe COVERED W^GON is A PART OF OUR HISTORY to HONORandlCHERlSH /ft\ND SO TOO *IS "tHE ERAOF uu SEASHORERECREATjoN. CTpHE FUTURE is UPON US. xU LET US OPEN OUR EYES ** curwt OUR HEARTS, j OUR POETS CANHELPUS! r I must go down -to the seas again, to the lonely sea and the scum, Ana all I ask is a truck aM a p»er-to •Sjffyjtfr-pwi. The cartoonist is a contributor to the Village Voice. Montgomery county has the same problem with waste management, that a lot of other communities around the world have. Like most communities, Montgomery County is having a hard time finding a solution to the problem. In 1975 the Maryland- National Capital Park & Planning Commission proposed a Central Processing Facility be built in the Shady Grove sector of Montgomery County. The site selected was located near the intersection of Shady Grove Road and Frederick Avenue. This site was in a agricultural area that was predicted to become a part of the growing community. This site has been designated as an undesirable area for residential building because of the heavy traffic on these roads and noise problems that come with the cars. To prevent the proposed 1-370 Connector from becoming a business corridor, that would add to the traffic problem, the area was zoned light industrial. The planning board realized that Shady Grove was becoming a suburb of Washington D.C. and planned for a small community of blue collar home owners t o move into and change the area make­ up. But with the fast growth of high-technology in the area and the close proximity to Washington D.C., the area has fast become a white collar residential community. A major part of the residents in Shady Grove are highly educated and these people are active in community affairs. This change in the community has had a major effect on the proposed Central Processing Facility. Convincing the community of the positive effects of a waste- to-energy facility in their area and changing the preconceived image of what such a facility looks like is a major problem which the city officials are dealing with now. The county is going t o build a waste-to-energ^ facility, that has already been decided. The 130 acre Oaks landfill that was built in 1987 is expected t o be full by 1989 with the present method of compacting and burying waste. The county has no other landfill options available at the present time. It has been suggested that a processing facility be built in Dickerson, eighteen miles away. The waste would be transferred by the B & 0 railroad from the existing waste transfer station to Dickerson at a estimated cost of $20 million a year. There would also be an additional cost of transferring the ashes produced by the facility to the Oaks Landfill, because Oaks Landfill is farther from Dickerson than Shady Grove. T h e c o m m u n i t y o f D i c k e r s o n d o e s n ' t w a n t t h e f a c i l i t y i n t h e i r b a c k y a r d e i t h e r . T h e y f e e l t h a t t h e y a r e b e i n g f o r c e d i n t o b e i n g a d u m p i n g s p o t f o r S h a d y G r o v e b e c a u s e t h e y a r e a s m a l l e r a n d l e s s i n f l u e n t i a l c o m m u n i t y . T h e p r o b a b i l i t y i s v e r y l o w o f f i n d i n g n e w o p t i o n s t h a t w o u l d h a v e s i g n i f i c a n t l y g r e a t e r c o m m u n i t y a c c e p t a n c e , c o u p l e d w i t h r e a s o n a b l e c o s t a n d r e l i a b i l i t y . T h e m a i n c a u s e o f o p p o s i t i o n t o a p r o c e s s i n g f a c i l i t y i s t h e f e a r o f h e a l t h h a z a r d s t h a t m a y b e c r e a t e d . T h e t h r e a t o f c o n t a m i n a t i n g t h e g r o u n d w a t e r a n d t h e p o s s i b i l i t i e s o f d i o x i n a n d h e a v y m e t a l s i n t h e e m i s s i o n s f r o m t h e s t a c k h a s m a n y p e o p l e c o n c e r n e d . W i t h p r o p e r m a n a g e m e n t a n d c o n s t a n t m o n i t o r i n g o f e n v i r o n m e n t a l c o n t r o l s y s t e m s , t h e s e f a c i l i t i e s h a v e b e e n p a s s i n g E P A t e s t s w i t h f a r l o w e r r a t i n g s t h a n a r e r e q u i r e d b y l a w . ( T h e e m i s s i o n f r o m c a r s i n t h e a r e a i s t h e m a j o r c a u s e o f d i o x i n i n t h e a i r . ) T h e p o s s i b i l i t y o f g r o u n d w a t e r c o n t a m i n a t i o n i s m i n i m a l b e c a u s e w a t e r u s e d i n t h e p r o c e s s t o c o o l t h e f u r n a c e s a n d t o c r e a t e s t e a m i s r e c i r c u l a t e d i n a c l o s e d s y s t e m , a n d n o t p u t b a c k i n t o t h e p u b l i c s e w a g e s y s t e m . T h e a s h i s s p r a y e d w i t h w a t e r t o pr e v e n t i t f r o m b e c o m i n g a i r b o r n e . F l y a s h i s s e p a r a t e d o u t b y a s p r a y d r y e r b e f o r e t h e e x h a u s t e v e n r e a c h e s t h e e l e c t r o s t a t i c p r e c i p i t a t o r s w h i c h r e m o v e t h e h e a v y m e t a l s a n d d i o x i n . B a l t i m o r e ' s f a c i l i t y w h i c h i s d o w n t o w n o p e r a t e s w i t h o u t a n y c o m p l a i n t s . A l s o a W a s t e - t o - E n e r g y p l a n t d o e s n o t p r o d u c e m o r e h a z a r d o u s w a s t e , i t o n l y c o n d e n s e s t h e w a s t e t h a t i s co . l l e c t e d t o 1 0 % o f i t s o r i g i n a l m a s s , t h e r e b y e x t e n d i n g t h e l i f e o f l a n d f i l l s b y 1 0 t i m e s t h e i r o r i g i n a l e x p e c t a n c y . I f t h e f a c i l i t y i s k e p t a t S h a d y G r o v e , t h e c o s t o f t r a n s f e r r i n g w a s t e w o u l d b e s i g n i f i c a n t l y r e d u c e d a n d , t h e m o n e y s a v e d c o u l d b e u s e d w i t h i n t h e c o m m u n i t y . J u s t o n e y e a r s w o r t h o f t r a n s p o r t a t i o n c o s t s c o u l d c r e a t e a p l e a s i n g f a c i l i t y . T h e r e a l s o w o u l d b e t h e a d d e d s a v i n g s f r o m t h e p r o d u c t i o n o f e n e r g y t h a t c o u l d b e u s e d b y p u b l i c l y s u p p o r t e d f a c i l i t i e s l i k e t h e M e t r o t o c u t d o w n o n t a x e s , o r s o l d t o t h e e l e c t r i c c o m p a n i e s w h i c h c a n p a s s t h e s a v i n g s o n t o t h e c o n s u m e r . The reasons behind picking the Shady Grove site are many, and the issues have ^ b e e n addressed by the city officials. The decision was not a easy one t o be made, and these are not issues that assure reelection, but they have t o be decided. Time is running out along with space. It is time t o take responsibility for our actions. MONTGOMERY COUNTY BRIEF ECONOMIC FACTS Montgomery county is Maryland's fourth most populous jurisdiction, and its most affluent. It b orders on Washington D.C., and is thirty four miles southwest of Baltimore. Major business concentrations are located along the 1-270 corridor in the west and the Route 29 corridor in eastern Montgomery county. High-technology, especially telecommunications and biotechnology, is the principal economic activity. Major federal research and development installations include the National Institutes of H ealth, Department of Energy, National Bureau of Standards, Naval Surface Weapons Center, Naval Ship Research and Development Center, and the Naval Medical Center. Some 17,650 companies employ 282,022 workers in Montgomery County; 443 of them have 100 or more workers. The County's major private employers include Comsat, IBM, Martin Marietta, Marriott, Fairchild Industries, Vitro Laboratories, Singer-Link, M/A-COM Telecommunications, Life Technologies, and Microbiological Associates. The population of Montgomery county was 579,053 in 1980 and is expected t o rise t o 760,000 by 1995. The county is predicting a 14.8% increase in employment or 4 2,074 jobs in 3 years, which is 1.9% more than the state's expected growth. The effective buying income of the average household in Dec. 1986 is $53,404 in Montgomery County compared t o the state of Maryland at $38,044, or t he U.S. at $33,252. f MONTGOMERY COUNTY GENERAL INFORMATION CLIMATE Yearly Precipitation Yearly Snowfall Summer Temperature Winter Temperature Duration of Freeze-free LAND AREA ELEVATION 40.91 inches 26.4 inches 73.8 F 35.0 F 172 days 495 square miles 52 to 850 feet above sea level -> Period Z O N I N G Z o n e 1 - 1 , L i g h t I n d u s t r i a l L o t A r e a 6 3 . 9 A c r e s L o t W i d t h 1 1 3 0 ' b y 2 2 3 0 ' L o t C o v e r a g e M i n . 1 0 % G r e e n A r e a Y a r d s F r o n t 1 0 f e e t R e a r N o n e R e q u i r e d , 1 0 f e e t i f p r o v i d e d S i d e S a m e a s R e a r B u i l d i n g H e i g h t U p t o 1 2 0 f e e t , w i t h S i t e A p p r o v a l T h e a r e a b o u n d e d b y S h a d y G r o v e R o a d , t h e B & 0 Rail r o a d , F i e l d s R o a d a n d M d . 3 5 5 , i s t h e l o c a t i o n o f a n u m b e r o f i n d u s t r i a l a n d c o m m e r c i a l u s e s . A p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 4 6 a c e s w i l l b e r e q u i r e d f o r t h e c o u n t y s o l i d w a s t e c e n t r a l p r o c e s s i n g f a c i l i t y a n d t h e M e t r o r a i l s t a t i o n w i t h i t s s t o r a g e a n d i n s p e c t i o n y a r d s . T h e p r o p o s e d z o n i n g i s 1 - 1 , l i g h t i n d u s t r i a l u s e , t o p r e e m p t t h e p o s s i b i l i t y o f t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f s t r i p c o m m e r c i a l d e v e l o p m e n t a l o n g M d . 3 5 5 . 1 - 1 i s p r e f e r r e d s i n c e i t i s f e l t l i g h t i n d u s t r i a l u s e w o u l d b e m o r e c o m p a t i b l e w i t h t h e C e n t r a l P r o c e s s i n g F a c i l i t y a n d M e t r o s t o r a g e y a r d s p r o p o s e d f o r t h i s a r e a . I t i s a s s u m e d t h a t n o i s e e m a n a t i n g f r o m t r u c k t r a f f i c a n d o u t d o o r o p e r a t i o n s a t c e n t r a l p r o c e s s i n g f a c i l i t y w i l l c o n t r i b u t e t o t h e e x c e s s i v e n o i s e l e v e l s . B u f f e r i n g o f t h e s i t e , i n c l u d i n g a l l a c c e s s r o a d s , a r e r e c o m m e n d e d . 1 1 Ma r y l a n d - N a t i o n a l C a p i t a l P a r k s a n d P l a n n i n g C o m m i s s i o n . M o n t g o m e r y C o u n t y P l a n n i n g B o a r d . S e c t o r Pl a n f o r t h e S h a d y G r o v e T r a n s i t S t a t i o n A r e a . M o n t g o m e r y C o u n t y P l a n n i n g B o a r d , S i l v e r S p r i n g s M a r y l a n d 1 9 7 7 C O D E A N A L Y S I S R e q u i r e d C o d e s B u i l d i n g B O C A N a t i o n a l 1 9 8 7 F i r e B O C A N a t i o n a l 1 9 8 7 M e c h a n i c a l B O C A N a t i o n a l 1 9 8 7 E l e c t r i c a l B O C A N a t i o n a l 1 9 8 7 O c c u p a n c y G r o u p B - 4 F i r e R e s i s t a n c e o f E x t e r i o r W a l l s 1 Ho u r l e s s t h a n 5 ' O p e n i n g s i n E x t e r i o r W a l l s N o t P e r m i t t e d l e s s t h a n 5 ' O c c u p a n c y S e p a r a t i o n N o C o n s t r u c t i o n T y p e F R I I A l l o w a b l e F l o o r A r e a 5 9 , 9 0 0 s q . f e e t A r e a s S e p a r a t i o n W a l l R e q u i r e d E v e r y r o o m c o n t a i n i n g a b o i l e r s h a l l b e s e p a r a t e d f r o m t h e r e s t o f t h e b u i l d i n g b y n o t l e s s t h a n 1 ho u r f i r e r e s i s t a n c e o c c u p a n c y s e p a r a t i o n . M a x i m u m B u i l d i n g H e i g h t S t o r i e s 1 2 F e e t 1 6 0 f e e t Fire Resistive Requirements (in hours) Exterior Walls Interior Walls Partitions Structural Frames Shafts Floor s Except i ons Roof Construction and Covering Parapet Required Roof shall be of non-combustible construction. Roof covering shall be fire-retardant roof ing. Same as roof FR£PfcRICK /\( fl 4» COUMTY / / \ L -,_.x x'" yv 1 V*J-, MOUA.RO \\ j \ counr-r ^^>r-.Q.P(64<£RSON V^X/ V f >Tv \ 1 '"J S %;•• ^05 WRMArlT0Un I V ( '• ^ ROCKV1 \ / y/ // \ N. \ ./ / LOUDOH COUtYTT ''.NJ * Fairfax couH-rr JP / ^V/vTTj^RiMce 4£pR&e f \Y 1 / courfTY y/Nv IO ^\ /#/ %»' / HOKTH N P" ^\V' \ ACRE d { 0 R A . L K O A P U A & M I M 6 T O M 0 - 6 . —— MAJOP. ROAP '' ^ /^\ — £ourrr*f ume / \ '///////////////z POTOMAC KlVER J Nv A^.LlMCiTPn Jf ' ' COUMTr HOPPIM6r £EHTBK e»gHTINKU priH $ PAMA6 ^L-P&. H^uurrr- PAMAL COFKIPOK #L-P6. rE^Hreu) CC15AM 5£IEM6^ fe?LD6t -ar 1-37O .rtOKTH- 10 OAKM OT1T AVE. NiT. ^1^890 'e y\# V: %\ 180 0V 490*S » # 7 / ^ ^=WAC? . y «0AD 1250/>/Z)20 / id ACKE5 «3 t7V <^»ROVE JNI / IS^<^0340 • B*0 RAIL-KDAf? 1345" I675^W • IJ%-/ / n 900 fl' 190 p. g PL AMP i7 kcw? jy j£° ./ D-£ODaaDOQo NeEDUOoB>aan 360 w "boUT Pi PRKPF.I6K AVE- riP KTC. 35y ^ CEt-05 ROAD \O00 ^ o0, 250 ,<*> / ^k\l24fr. % 19 lO^k \ • \ E < ao i r* m. h 5 NORTH 2785.35o«= 63.94 o I-*70 OPKEM EL^VATEP VIEU TO A GREAT MA ^ OP COMMUTERS MOFTTH f \ ^PE£P UNIT 55 RIPH , PUT RU5H HOUR $LOU<* "TRAFFIC T RAFF16 AL0M6 ^MAITY DTROVE RP- AMP FKEPEFCIC AVE- UILL EVPTOEP MARIY PEOPLE TO A EYE LEVEL VIEU OP PLAMT \ THE I^Z-E. AMP HEIGHT OF &UIU?IRI6 UILU &E VER.V VISIBLE. THE ETFA^K UILL BE 2EEH FROM A DIKEAT PFTTAHCE COMFORT INN AM OFFICE* MAVE ELEVATEP VIEU«5 o ^UOPPE&S PROM MALU UILL *>E.E- PLANT FKOFF PARKING LOT A FEU OLPEFC A HOME IN AK£AN/ 2£R AW /V \ % A)Xy TKAFriL I* PIVID60 £ / \ sj/V erTuetn i-v?o A £ NVW C7 AMD SMAPV 6«Vfc KR/ \ 5 ' ,.»• x, Railkoap £AN «*e . , USgP TO W?IM6 TRASH \% FROM OrWRR PAKT5 OP THE C0UHTY A>/^ A? «A I < >^ ^ / \\ \. / \ Xj/ TKUCK fcNTKAN^ ./ V\ V> /w LOCATE OH PdAP UIT^ \ ^ LEAST TRAFFIC \^ *.\ major inters priori \v KEier grtreRAN^gs AS FAK FROM H^RC AS \\ POSSIBLE- o £2 <3 fcni ritPPCRl^K ROAD ^ HAMPLB5 TRAFFIC TO \\ \\ M nt' cD I KArr it-' I \ v mamam AJTD FROM UASHiri6T0n p.^ /\ \\ 1 V A 5 r£ •% \/ - / FUJ3U£ ETTTKAMCE. / (y/ sen?RAT£ FRon reu^ **•» a*» far Frm-i ihtbRS&^tion TT* ^>c-r cp-#m t- rr>wii i ngt-p* M5AVY AS FAR *OM IHTEsRSdCT IOM J AS POSSIBLE y-aooaa ngpiuM r- / miMlilMtlllttlMIR LI6MT / •v nOKTH XL V7 lN5Pg6TiOM YARP v ^LBVATKP INTE.*.«>TATfc CKBAJV* 50UMP CARWeK NOISE I* V\KtCTKP TOUAKt? 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PR^IP? IM 2V MOUR^> ul 5 JAM KT£p. MAR. ATK. HAf JUh. JUU AU6. Ott. HON/. PC<£-. 32- Garbage in, energy out. It's not as easy as it looks. SITE The Facility shall be oriented on the site that takes the best advantage of the topography and allows for all the requirements of the process. The primary concern is that the refuse pit, when possible shall be located in the low spot of the site of in an area that has an absence of subgrade obstructions and areas of difficult excavation e.g. rock. Additionally, the tipping floor is best located in the higher portion of the site. The relative elevations of the building areas will be analyzed to determine an elevation that minimizes the required cut and fill. The site traffic patterns shall be developed to minimize the crossing of traffic and a minimum of interface between refuse truck drivers and visitors/employees The truck entrance to the site will pass by the scalehouse and/or guardhouse. Queuing for trucks shall be provided before the inbound scales allowing for a minimum of eight trucks for each scale required. The tipping area general arrangement shall ideally be designed to allow for the trucks to back to the pit while looking over the left shoulder. The tipping floor shall be designed with the truck entrance and exit on opposite ends of the tipping floor. The scalehouse shall be the controlling point for the site access. Only on occasions, where the scalehouse is required to be remote from the entrance onto the site, will a guardhouse be placed at the front entrance for site access control. SCALES AND SCALEHOUSE The vehicle weighing area will be located at a control point for the site traffic. The number of scales will be determined from the projected number of vehicles to utilize the Facility. A central scalehouse will be provided enclosing operations equipment and a restroom for the scale operator. The scalehouse dad restroom shall be accessible to the physically handicapped. The scalehouse shall be a pre-engineered metal frame or masonry structure designed to compliment the aesthetics of the main plant building. The floor elevation of the scalehouse shall be 18"-24" above the elevation of the scale deck and shall include sliding windows designed to allow for the direct handling of tickets between scale operator and vehicle operator. If multiple in-bound scales are required, the scales shall be oriented to allow eye-contact between the vehicle driver and the scale operator in the scalehouse. The scalehouse shall be fully heated and air-conditioned based on human comfort and equipment requirements. Traffic signals shall be provided at each end of each scale. The signals shall be capable of manual operation or to be controlled by the scale system automatically. Signals shall bear red and green lenses. PARKING Parking shall be provided for a minimum of 50 cars for employees and visitors as well as three buses. The parking areas will be designed as part of the total aesthetic scheme of facility. Two parking spaces for the physically handicapped will be provided. Parking areas will be arranged in consideration of visitor accessibility and visitor drop-off from cars and buses. ROADWAYS Roadways shall have the following widths as minimums: * Single lane = 15 feet wide * Each lane of multi-lane road = 12 feet wide (minimum 2 way road = 24 feet wide) All roads shall have minimum 4 feet wide gravel shoulders. FENCING The entire operations on the site will be enclosed with an 8"-0" high fence omitting barbed wire. Decorative block or other fencing will be used as an integral part of the Facility aesthetics. The main entrance shall be secured by a motorized gate with local key access and an intercom to the control room. Push button operation of the gate may be made from the control room or the scalehouse/guardhouse. The gate will close automatically. A d d i t i o n a l g a t e s f o r e m e r g e n c y v e h i c l e a c c e s s , e t c . s h a l l b e m a n u a l o p e r a t e d g a t e s w i t h p a d l o c k s . L A N D S C A P I N G L a n d s c a p i n g i s a n i n t e g r a l a n d i m p o r t a n t p a r t o f t h e F a c i l i t y a e s t h e t i c s . T h e l a n d s c a p e d e s i g n s h a l l c a r e f u l l y c o n s i d e r a n d s h a l l c o m p l i m e n t t h e b u i l d i n g s a e s t h e t i c t h e m e . T h e p u r p o s e o f t h e l a n d s c a p i n g i s f o r a e s t h e t i c d e f i n i t i o n , v i s u a l s c r e e n i n g f r o m a d j a c e n t p r o p e r t i e s , c o n t r o l o f p l a n t e q u i p m e n t n o i s e , e r o s i o n c o n t r o l , a n d t h e l i k e . T h e l o c a t i o n o f t r e e s a n d s h r u b s s h a l l c o n s i d e r s a f e t y a n s i g h t l i n e s , e s p e c i a l l y a t r o a d w a y i n t e r s e c t i o n s . G e n u s a n d s p e c i e s o f p l a n t i n g m a t e r i a l s s h a l l b e n a t i v e t o t h e l o c a l c l i m a t e a n d h a r d y f o r t h e a d v e r s e c o n d i t i o n s t h a t t h e y m a y e n c o u n t e r a t t h e s i t e . S e l e c t i o n o f p l a n t t y p e s s h a l l c o n s i d e r m i n i m u m m a i n t e n a n c e . M a n i c u r e d l a w n s w i l l b e m i n i m i z e d t o e n t r a n c e a r e a s a n d a d m i n i s t r a t i o n a r e a s . O t h e r g r a s s e d a r e a s s h a l l b e n a t i v e a n d / o r m e a d o w g r a s s e s t h a t r e q u i r e m i n i m a l m a i n t e n a n c e . ACCESSORY AREA DEVELOPMENT The cooling tower shall be located downwind (prevailing winds) from the electrical switchyard and as near as possible to the turbine/generator building. The switchyard shall be located as required as near as possible to the electrical generation source. The location shall be coordinated with the location of the cooling tower and the aesthetics of the plant. The residue from the combustion process shall be transferred by conveyor to the Grizzly building and subsequently to the ash residue building in open conveyors. These conveyors shall be covered and designed to compliment the architectural features of the building. Motor truck scales shall be provided at the entrance to the facility. The number of scales shall be determined by the number of vehicles to utilize the facility. The minimum number of scales shall be one for inbound and one for outbound. A r e a • C o o l i n g T o w e r / A i r C o o l e d C o n d e n s e r S c a l e h o u s e • G u a r d h o u s e ( i f r e q d ) C o n c e p t u a l S i z e V a r i e s 2 0 0 S F ( T y p 1 0 ' x 2 0 ' ) 32 S F ( T y p 4 ' x 8 ' ) L o c a t i o n D o w n w i n d f r o m S w i t c h y a r d - n e a r T / G A r e a - c o n s i d e r E l e c t . T i e - i n L o c a t i o n A t E n t r y S c a l e s A t E n t r a n c e G a t e I n c l u d e • R e s t r o o m • O p e r a t i o n s A r e a I t w i l l b e n e c e s s a r y f o r t h e F a c i l i t y t o a c c e p t r e f u s e f r o m p r i v a t e v e h i c l e s . T h i s w i l l r e s u l t i n a s e p a r a t e a r e a o f t h e s i t e f o r t h e h a n d u n l o a d o f t h e s e v e h i c l e s w h i c h c a n b e v i e w e d f r o m t h e s c a l e h o u s e . T h e t r a f f i c p a t t e r n s s h o u l d b e d e s i g n e d t o m i n i m i z e t h e i n f r a c t i o n b e t w e e n t h e p u b l i c a n d t h e r e f u s e h a u l e r s . BUILDING The building shall be oriented such that the primary view of the plant from off-site areas accents the administration and turbine areas and the building shields the adverse views of the APC equipment and stack. The building shall be located with the tipping area, refuse storage area, boiler enclosure, and APC equipment in line and with the turbine and administration building on one side and the grizzly building and residue building on the other side. Potential for future additions to the facility should always be considered in the layout of a Facility. ENCLOSURES The facility buildings will be enclosed in the following areas: * Tipping Floor * Refuse Storage Pit * Boilers * Turbine/Generator Area * Administration Area * Ash Residue Storage and Loading * Grizzly * Other Equipment as required SPACES WITHIN THE FACILITY REFUSE RECEIVING AND HANDELING AREA The refuse receiving and handling area consists of a reception area and a refuse storage pit. The enclosure will also permit control of odors emitted by the refuse. The refuse storage pit building will house the reinforced concrete storage pit and crane lay-down areas. The pit will be 93 feet high. The crane lay-down area will extend approximately 30 feet by 93 feet on either side of the refuse pit. Below the charging floor elevation, the lay-down area on the west side will include the control room, rack room, office areas, toilets, a first aid room, laboratory, battery room, UPS room, and water treatment facilities. Below the charging floor elevation, the lay-down area on the east side will include the lunch room, offices, E & I shop, lockers, and toilet rooms. The maintenance shop and warehouse will be located on the ground level. Enclosed stairways will be located in the refuse receiving and handling area each side of the pit. Area C o n c e p t u a l S i z e L o c a t i o n I n c l u d e • C o n t r o l R o o m 1 2 0 0 S F ( T y p 3 0 ' x 4 0 ' ) • T i p p i n g A r e a V a r i e s ( 1 0 0 ' p i t t o w a l l m i n . ) Ov e r l o o k T / G • R e s t r o o m & Fi r i n g A i s l e • F i l e R o o m A d j a c e n t t o R e f u s e S t o r a g e P i t • G r a p p l e L a y d o w n A r e a • R e f u s e S t o r a g e A r e a V a r i e s ( P i t l e n g t h & 25 ' b a y a t e a c h e n d ) B e t w e e n t i p • G r a p p l e L a y d o w n B u i l d i n g A r e a B o i l e r E n c l o s u r e O f f o f C o n t r o l R o o m A r e a S h i f t S u p e r v i s o r ' s C o n c e p t u a l S i z e 1 5 0 S F I n c l u d e • Door a n d W i n d o w o f f c o n t r o l r o o m L a b o r a t o r y 1 2 0 S F • Allo w v i e w f r o m c o n t r o l r o o m R e s t r o o m f o r C o n t r o l R o o m O p e r a t o r s 1 at 3 5 S F • Sing l e s t a l l F i l e r o o m f o r C o n t r o l R o o m 1 0 0 S F I n A r e a B e t w e e n A d m i n , a n d T / G A r e a s : E l e c t , a n d T e l e p h o n e R o o m s f o r O f f i c e A r e a B a t t e r y R o o m E l e c t r i c a l E q u i p m e n t A s r e q u i r e d A s r e q u i r e d A s r e q u i r e d • May n o t b e se p ­ a r a t e r o o m s • Unde r C o n t r o l Mechanical HVAC area A s required * May be roof mounted Men's Locker Room Women's Locker Room Lunch Room First Aid Room Passenger Elevator Stairs Allow for 50 male employees Allow for 15 female employees Seat 50 at tables 100 SF 2500# capacity As required to meet egress requ i r e ments * Adjacent t o kit­ chenette * Near locker rooms * Include cabinets for supplies * Near admin, area * Incl. machine room. * As required BOILER AREA The boiler area will house two refuse-fired boilers, complete with refuse feed chutes, grate hydraulic systems, superheaters, economizers, forced draft fans, steam systems, ash pit, and motor control centers. The boiler housing will be approximately 6 5 feet by 133 feet by 1 50 feet high. Interior walls and partitions will be masonry construction or drywall with view windows where required. These spaces will be i n s u l a t e d w h e r e h e a t i n g a n d a i r c o n d i t i o n i n g i s r e q u i r e d . T w o e n c l o s e d s t a i r w a y s w i l l b e l o c a t e d i n t h e b o i l e r a r e a t o e n s u r e p r o p e r e g r e s s ; t h e s e s t a i r w a y s w i l l m e e t a l l a p p l i c a b l e c o d e s . A p a s s e n g e r / f r e i g h t e l e v a t o r a l s o l o c a t e d i n t h e b o i l e r b u i l d i n g w i l l s e r v e a l l f l o o r s , i n c l u d i n g t h e c h a r g i n g f l o o r . A r e a • B o i l e r A r e a * P l a n t M a i n ­ t e n a n c e A r e a • S p a r e P a r t s S t o r a g e C o n c e p t u a l S i z e L o c a t i o n I n c l u d e V a r i e s 1 0 0 0 S F 5 0 0 S F A d j a c e n t t o R e f u s e S t o r a g e P i t N e a r B o i l e r A r e a N e a r M a i n t . • M a i n t . O f f i c e • V e h i c l e M a i n t • S m a l l P a r t s S t o r a g e T U R B I N E G E N E R A T O R A R E A T h e t u r b i n e g e n e r a t o r a r e a w i l l b e a d j a c e n t t o t h e b o i l e r a r e a a n d w i l l b e a p p r o x i m a t e l y 6 5 f e e t b y 8 5 f e e t 6 3 f e e t h i g h . S w i t c h g e a r w i l l b e 3 0 f e e t b y 6 0 f e e t b y 2 1 f e e t h i g h . T h e building houses the » turbine generator and auxiliaries. The building will be enclosed . Area Conceptual Size Location Include •Turbine/ Varies Generator Near Control Room & Boiler Area *Laydown Maint­ enance Area at Operating Level WATER TREATMENT AREA The water treatment area will be located in the main building. The fire pump house will be approximately 42 feet by 24 feet by 11 feet high. The valve house will be 14 feet by 6 feet by 8 feet high. The chlorine storage building will be 26 feet by 12 feet by 13 feet high. Area Conceptual Size Location Include *Water Treat- Varies In Boiler Area ment Area ASH HANDLING AREA The ash handling area will be approximately 65 feet by 90 feet by 47 feet high and will house the conveyors, truck loadout station, MCC room and truck lanes for ash removal. The building will be enclosed and will have roofing with insulation. Area Conceptual Size Location Include •Grizzly Area V a r i e s ( c a n o p y o n l y ) Near boiler area (Allow for future boilers) *Ash Residue Varies Bu ildi ng W i t h i n c o n v e y - * A s h R e s i d u e o r r e a c h o f S t o r a g e G r i z z l y A r e a * F e r r o u s R e c o v e r y Operations *Front-end Loader A I R P O L L U T I O N C O N T R O L A R E A T h e a i r p o l l u t i o n c o n t r o l a r e a w i l l b e a p p r o x i m a t e l y 8 4 f e e t b y 1 5 3 f e e t b y 1 0 0 f e e t h i g h a n d w i l l i n c l u d e a l l f a c i l i t i e s , s y s t e m s , a n d s e r v i c e s d e s i g n e d t o l i m i t t h e e m i s s i o n o f a i r p o l l u t a n t s a n d o d o r s . T h e a r e a s b e l o w t h e S D A ' s a n d p r e c i p ­ i t a t o r s w i l l b e e n c l o s e d t o h o u s e m a t e r i a l s h a n d l i n g e q u i p m e n t . T h e t w o e l e c t r o s t a t i c p r e c i p i t a t o r s w i l l b e l o c a t e d 3 3 f e e t a b o v e g r a d e a n d w i l l b e l e f t e x p o s e d . T h e p r e c i p i t a t o r s a n d d u c t w o r k i n s u l a t i o n w i l l b e o f a p r o f i l e a n d c o l o r t h a t w i l l c o o r d i n a t e w i t h t h e m a i n b u i l d i n g ' s a r c h i t e c t u r a l d e s i g n . A D M I N I S T R A T I O N B U I L D I N G T h e a d m i n i s t r a t i o n b u i l d i n g w i l l c o n s i s t o f a r e c e p t i o n a r e a , a d m i n i s t r a t i v e o f f i c e s , c o n f e r e n c e r o o m , a n d r e s t r o o m s . A l l a r e a s w i l l b e a i r - c o n d i t i o n e d a n d h e a t e d . T h e b u i l d i n g ' s a r c h i t e c t u r a l t r e a t m e n t s h a l l b e c o m p a t i b l e w i t h t h a t o f t h e m a i n p l a n t b u i l d i n g s . A D M I N I S T R A T I O N A R E A R E Q U I R E M E N T S A r e a N a m e A r e a S i z e L o c a t i o n R e q u i r e m e n t s R e c e p t i o n A r e a S i z e f o r r e c e p ­ t i o n i s t a n d d e s k a n d e n t r y v e s t i b u l e B u i l d i n g E n t r a n c e - a l l o w r e c e p t i o n i s t t o d o u b l e a s s e c r e t a r y w h e n p o s s i b l e W a i t i n g A r e a P l a n t M a n a g e r ' s O f f i c e C h i e f E n g i n e e r 1 s Off i c e M a i n t e n a n c e S u p e r v i s o r ' s O f f i c e S i z e f o r 6 - 8 p e o p l e s i t t i n g c o m f o r t a b l y 2 0 0 S F N e a r r e c e p t i o n , o f f i c e a r e a , a n d a c c e s s t o p l a n t 1 2 0 S F 1 2 0 S F P l a n a n d S c h e d u l e 1 2 0 S F C o o r d i n a t o r ' s O f f i c e F a c i l i t y A d m i n ­ i s t r a t o r ' s Off i c e 1 2 0 S F Visitor's Office 120 SF Client's Use Office 150 SF + 100 SF Reqd Clerical Area T e c h n i c a l L i b r a r y a n d F i l e r o o m R e s t r o o m s f o r P e r s o n n e 1 C o n f e r e n c e R o o m 150 SF 80 SF each, Men and Women 800 SF (20 x 40) (Seat 50 comfort ably) consider room dividers S e p a r a t e b u t n e a r W h e n o t h e r o f f i c e a r e a . A l l o w f o r s e p a r a t e e n t r a n c e . I n o f f i c e a r e a - a c c e s s f r o m w a i t i n g a r e a * A V P r e s e n t a t i o n s * A c c e s s w i t h o u t p a s s t h r o u g h o f f i c e a r e a * E g r e s s t o pl a n t n o t t h r o u g h o f f i c e a r e a * Ac c e s s i b l e t o t h e H a n d i c a p p e d * C o n s i d e r a t i o n f o r w a l l g r a p h i c s , m o d e l s , e t c . s h a l l b e g i v e n * In c l u d e t a b l e ( s ) , l e c t u r e s , c h a i r s , s h e l v i n g / c a b i n e t s , s c r e e n , d r a p e s o r b l i n d s , e t c . * C o a t c l o s e t * V a r i a b l e l i g h t i n g * W o o d t r i m , c a r p e t * S t o r a g e f o r t a b l e s a n d c h a i r s J a n i t o r ' s C l o s e t 25 SF e a c h * Ea c h f l o o r o f A d m i n ­ i s t r a t i o n A r e a Ki tchenette 100 SF Storage (office) Computer Area File Space Secretarial Area 64 SF (8 x 8) 120 SF 72 SF Area for 2 work stations (min.) Include area for vending machines Access to conf.room and employee lunch­ room Include Refriger­ ator, microwave and sink with countertop and cabinets For office products CV, CCKr. *- vs>f °/i/~ . -/A* 5 ...u 5%S%S#-•• l , p i . f t*l* f*« f c TO SEPARATE REFUSE TRUCK ^tSID VISITOR /EMPLOYEE TRAFFIC Visitors and employees will use the same entrance. Refuse tracks will have i separate entrance and a weight station will act as a control point. The traffic patterns should not cross or converge. oooopo TO SEPARATE THE PlJSLt^ 'a RE 43 PR04 (ME AOM i M £ 3TR AT C \/S .AREA J. i'aa public is w^lciooe to observe and nonitoc the facility } / M:'J A MKT INTO SEPARATS FUNCTIONS To facilitate the mechanics of this facility the building must be large. The heights demand in this facility does not relate to any thing in close proximity. The process does not allow the parts to be separated by great distances, but by breaking the facility into separate functions the pacts can relate to each other. fOKj-IS Olr PlKFfcfcEMr OftZrlTAVOH AMC? SHAPED Ai£i£ mro ^ o^AH'zati^H TO &<^>Mtfc>p/CTE. pi^ra^rrr REH^nr-5 -re? ihr>ktAvJ~t6Ei To ^ LO^AU 6?Hj?rnV-3 ^ V V ^».v •!> -cl A ^ Jf**m * "3 •rs* "t-iiii & \ .y'V> / .r«* C7.K.. , J^r-f «y VAhH hl^rtCAHC? ££lNMtfTP ^0rtPMTT\ Iti^. IV?? V TA Lies IN WK»T: ntf^r Ariz/iO Prat^' ti-v "Modern science, which knows no national boundaries has thrust into man's fallible hands unprecedented power: power in building power in destroying." JEATt FeKfclS LEI6H, AE^BlTE6TL|R\l Visions t THE- PKAUUi^S OF HU4H , ^ wHrrn&y Lier^Yof design S HbO} ; wv •V . 19.U) Wrl IIOOVEK DAM. AKIZONA NEVADA LINK Man has learned to create power by destroying natural resources. The energy created is rarely equal to the destruction created. Dams are a visible example of mans power to create and destroy. The solid massive thick walls speak of the power to hold back nature, flooding canyons and denying water to river banks below. The cascading forms seem to control the flow of the water as it uses its power to create energy for man. f X JBIP. CIIKHOKI'.K DAM.TKNNKSSKK. 1912 Architects and Engineers of the Tennessee / alley .1 uthoritv I have seen no more massive evidence of this nation's power in buildings than in the work of the United Slates Bureau of Reclamation and the Tennessee \ alley Authority. My ac­ quaintance with the latter began one October dav in 1941 when Roland W ank, (-hief Ar­ chitect at that time, explained . . . how the plans, from inception, passed regularly hack and forth between the Authority's architectural and its engineering stafl.. . . The integration is obv ious in the visible results; vast usefulness combined w ith deeply impressive lorms. ^ Cooling-towers Cooling-towers are intended to make cooling-water, which has been warmed during its work-process, re-usable. Power-stations, blast-furnaces, mines and refineries are examples of the types of industry employing this water- saving, re-cooling method. After the water has fulfilled its cooling function and, as a result, has become some degrees warmer, it is piped into the lower part of the cooling tower and, by means of a system of channels, is distributed over the whole section. A sprinkler system under these channels disperses the water into fine drops which then run down a construc­ tion of laths several levels deep. By retarding the falling water in this way, its maximum surface is exposed to the surrounding air for as long as possible. There are 3 successive processes: 1. The water exudes part of its temperature into the air. 2. The warmed air binds the water and causes evaporation-coldness. 3. The warm, rising mixture of air and water draws up fresh cold air from below. The cooled water collects in a cement basin below the tower and is drawn off again for its cooling function, i ^ v " X i-liTH A SiMFLE ^ , THE 13£ 5IHPL£ AMP aEAUTlFUL. o l-tCT KuLpruKE:n t (rt£.u YOKK ; APSKXLII^E , husband, Mausoleum of Dickson ht (d. 1891) and her Ellis (d. 1924), by u/uu ^uilivan, in Bellefontaine Cemetery, St Louis (Mervyn K. Miller) How the bulk of a man should sink into so few pounds of bones and ashes, may seem strange unto any who considers not its constitution, and how slender a masse will remain upon an open and urging fire of the carnall composition. S I R T H O M A S B R O W N E : Hydriotaphia JAMES STEVEHS CUKL, A. £g-L&BKXnori Or PEATH , the Getty mausoleum of i{ in Graceland Cemetery, Chicago, by Louis Su Note the similarity to 1 the Boullec designs (Mervyn K. MiUer) . ..2m" 'A garden cemetery, and monumental decoration afford the most convincing token of a nation's progress in civilization and the arts, which are its result.' JOHN STRANG: Necropolis Glasguensis: with Osbervations (sic) on Ancient and Modern Tombs and Sepulture Glasgow, 1831 ' nOUrtr T^KY T?UEURI MOMUMELMT AUX MOR.T5 "PEFLE LA6HMSE- 'Churchyards and cemeteries are scenes not only calculated to improve the morals and the taste, and by their botanical riches to cultivate the intellect, but they serve as historical records.'' JOHN CLAUDIUS LOUDON: 'Principles of Landscape-Gardening applied to Public Cemeteries' The Gardener's Magazine 1843 3 \3\0 Calvin and Hobbes by Bill Watterson AFTER ALL, THER.ES ONLY ONE EARTH, AND IT S GOT TO LAST USA WILE. r GUESS WE SHOULD GO HOME TO EARTH YEAH, HE MAY NOT BE WELCOME HERE WE OUGHT TO FIX UP OUR. OWN PLANET BEFORE. WE GO METING AROUND NITW OTHER PEOPLE'S PLANETS. ^ L, 4t vJ THERE'S EARTH1 MMOST HOWE CONTINENTS I HI, DAD/ GUESS WUAT HOBBES AND I DID / VIE WENT TO MARS! WELL, XEP. WE WERE GOING TO LIVE. WERE BECAUSE: EARTH IS SO POLLUTED, BUT WE DISCOVERED THAT MARS \S INHABITED, 50 WE CAME BACK HOME. YOU DIDNT UK£ THE MARTIANS? HO, THEY DIDN'T UKE 0S. I WINK THEY WERE AFRAID WE'D JUNK UP MARS THE WAY WE'VE WW©) UP EARTH. WE ALSO SHOULD GO UOME BECAUSE HERE CLEAN OUT OF TUNA I HOPE MOW AND DAD DLDNT RENT OUT MY ROOM MMM... IF I \ AND OUR HOUSE REMEMBER. M1 ATLAS, WE LIVE IN A QKI OTIOCX R IS BY THE GIANT LETTER "E" IM THE WORD "STATES IFFISK DOING OUT, AND WWY DOES IT SMELL UKE TUNA FISH3' WHAT'S MY GQOO/AND CAN YOU BR\EFCASE / 8EUEYE IT, DAD? WE GO CLEAR. MARS, AND DUMB OL' HOBBES FORGETS THE CAMERA: UJ E m i