_ _ ••'SHAflY 
A GOLF AND COUNTRY CLUB FOR LIVINGSTON, MONTANA 
Part I 
Undergraduate Thesis in Architectural Design 
Lyle R. Mathews 
Submitted to the School of Architecture as partial fulfillment of 
the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Architecture 
at 
Montana State University 
Bozernan, Montana 
March, I969 
Mf^i 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 
Page Number 
Introduction 1 
Conditions Creating the Need 2 
Local Conditions 
Geographical 7 
History 10 
Economic 10 
Social 16 
Climate 17 
Site Conditions 
Site Location * * 19 
Natural Features 2b 
Orientation 27 
Zoning and Utilities 28 
Traffic Patterns 30 
Function 
Social Activities 33 
Golfing Activities 37 
Aesthetics «... ^1 
Economics bj 
Summary . by 
Reference List ^8 
Appendix 50 
TABLE OF ILLUSTRATIONS 
Page Number 
FIGURES: 
Figure 1. (Photographs) Present clubhouse and 
its adjacent surroundings ^ and 5 
Figure 2. (Photographs) Distant views seen 
from the site 8 
Figure 3• (Line Graph) Population - Past 
and Future 1^ 
Figure (Photographs) Site Expansion Area -
Old City Dump 21 
Figure (Photographs) Present golf course 22 and 23 
MAPS: 
Map 1, Map of Montana 9 
Map 2. Map of Present Site and Livingston 20 
Map 3. Map of Expanded Site 25 
Map Topography of Site and Sur­
rounding Area 26 
Map 5* Arterial Streets Plan for 
Livingston and Access to 
Site 31 
TABLES: 
Table 1. Employment by Industry 11 
Table 2. Future Park County Employment 12 
Table 3« Employed Males 13 
Table 4. Population by Age and Sex 1.5 and 16 
Table 5* Climatological Data 18 
INTRODUCTION 
The purpose of this thesis research report is to compile 
background information, from which a design solution for a 
hypothetical architectural problem can be reached. 
This project is based on the activities of the Livingston 
Golf and Country Club, which is located on the south edge of 
Livingston on what is known as Livingston Island, since it is 
surrounded by the Yellowstone River. The scope of this project 
includes the design of an expanded golf course from nine to 
eighteen holes and the design of a new clubhouse and adjacent 
recreational facilities. The design of the eighteen-hole 
golf course will involve utilization of the present nine-hole 
layout, especially the greens, as much as is feasible. The 
additional holes, nine or more, depending on how many of the 
original nine holes are utilized, will be designed to complete 
the total eighteen-hole layout. 
It is necessary to state that any decisions reached by 
this author do not reflect the decisions of the Livingston 
Golf and Country Club. Any information given in interviews 
has been given with the knowledge that the problem would be 
hypothetical. 
CONDITIONS CHEATING THE NEED 
'This thesis proposal for designing a new clubhouse for 
the Livingston Golf and Country Club and expanding the present 
nine-hole course to eighteen holes is not based on any actual 
replacement or expansion plans for the present facilities. 
In an interview with Mr. Jimmy Robinson, golf pro at the club, 
he said the present facilities are adequate to accommodate 
the needs of the club's 160 members. 
I agree with Mr. Robinson that the present facilities 
are adequate in quantity to accommodate the needs of the mem­
bers, except in locker room space. Presently there is a locker 
room for the men, but it is being used for storage. Cnly eight 
lockers are provided, and they are not utilized, because the 
number is inadequate and the space has a greater storage value. 
There are no women's locker room facilities. In addition to 
this deficiency, Mr. Stan Regele, country club president, 
said that the present lounge area is too small, and could be 
half again as large. The pro shop is also in a bad location, 
since it is part of the lounge area in the clubhouse. The 
pro shop should be so located that it could be opened without 
the rest of the building being opened. Having the pro shop 
in the lounge area also hampers the display and sales of golf­
ing merchandise. 
Also, I feel the quality of the facilities and its sur­
roundings creates additional reasons for the replacement of 
the present clubhouse. The building that houses the present 
clubhouse facilities is quite old. It has been on the site 
for about thirty years, and additions have been made to the 
original building. The oroginal building was part of the 
Park County Fair Grounds, and was converted into a clubhouse 
for the Livingston Golf and Country Club. The building is in 
fairly good repair, but its age and surroundings cause it to 
lose its aesthetic appeal as a clubhouse. (See Fig. 1 on pp. 
^ and 5) The surroundings include the Park County Fair Grounds 
on the north boundary and junked car bodies visible from the 
road leading to the country club. These physical features 
naturally detract from the present facilities. The clubhouse 
and its surroundings should be inviting to the golfer. The 
present building and its surroundings fail to do this. 
In addition, Mr. Robinson stated that the present location 
of the clubhouse with respect to the golf course is bad. The 
course is generally laid out in an east - west direction with 
the clubhouse located at the west end of the course. Conse­
quently, as early morning golfers come to the clubhouse, they 
play the first three holes of the course facing directly into 
the low early morning sun, causing great difficulty in follow­
ing the flight of the golf ball. The same condition exists 
in the late eveninp: as the golfers come in on the ninth hole 
to the clubhouse. With expansion of the course into eighteen 
holes, this condition could be corrected. (See Appendix, 
p. 50) The land presently occupied by the Park County Fair 
-u-
FIGUBE 1# Present clubhouse and 
its adjacent surroundings 
Looking northwest at clubhouse 
from # 1 tee 
Looking northwest at golf cart storage 
from # 1 tee 
CL OBS/OUSg. 
G&OOHDf 
Looking east at clubhouse and Park Co# Fair 
Ground buildings from county road 
FIGUiiE !• (Con't) Adjacent surroundings 
Looking north from # 1 fairway at Park 
County Fair Grounds 
Looking north across junkyard from 
comer of county road and H Street 
l?£_22 
Looking northwest up entrance road 
toward St. Mary's School 
Grounds, which is active, and the old city dump could provide 
the land for this expansion. These areas are located to the 
northeast of the present golf course site. With an expanded 
course, the new clubhouse could be placed at the northeast 
end of the present course, and in that way be located in the 
middle of the eighteen-hole course. 
Certain present facilities could be utilized even with 
this expansion. The present nine-hole layout would be incor­
porated into the eighteen-hole course with as little change 
as possible to these existing nine holes. The water sprinkling 
system, with its pump house on the Yellowstone River, also 
could be expanded and utilized. The present swimming pool, 
which is movable since it is plastic, would be moved to the 
new clubhouse site and utilized there. The maintenance and 
repair shop might also be able to be used in its present loca­
tion at the southwest corner of the present site. 
The present inadequate locker room, lounge, and pro shop 
facilities, the uninviting aesthetic appeal of the present 
clubhouse and its surroundings, and the poor location of the 
clubhouse with respect to sun orientation on the golf course, 
are the conditions creating a need for replacing the present 
clubhouse and expanding the golf course into an eighteen-hole 
layout. 
LOCAL CONDITIONS 
GEOGRAPHICAL: 
Livingston, Montana, the county seat of Park County, is 
located in south - central Montana at a latitude of 45°-40f 
North and a longitude of 1100-^' vfest. Livingston is ^ 500 
feet above sea level and is partially encircled by mountains, 
with the Big' Belt Mountains to the west, the Crazy Mountains 
to the north, and the Absaroka Range to the south. (See Fig. 
2, p. 8) The latter mountain range is the most rugged and pic­
turesque, being contrasted to grassy valleys which stretch 
to the east and southeast. Approximately fifty per cent of 
the land in the county is located in valley lowlands, with 
the remaining half of the county in timbered mountain slopes. 
The city is located fifty-six miles north of Yellowstone 
National Park on Interstate 90 and U.S. Highways 10, 89, and 
191 • (See Map 1, p. 9) The Yellowstone River borders the 
city on the south, with the Shields River flowing into the 
Yellowstone a few miles east of Livingston. The Ma inline 
Northern Pacific Railway from Chicago to Seattle passes 
through this community of approximately 8,000 people. The 
total population of Park County is approximately 13»000. 
FIGUPiE 2. Distant views seen 
from the site 
<f**(>( tfr 
Looicing southeast from # 1 fairway 
toward Absaroka flange 
LooldLng south from campground 
toward Absaroka Range 
St-~ 
Looking northeast from maintenance shop 
down # 1 fairway-
Looking southwest from # 1 fairway 
toward swimming pool 

HISTORY: 
Before the coming of the white man, The Crow Indians 
roamed the area now known as Park County, and seasonally made 
hunting campsites at the present site of Livingston, known 
to the Indians as the Great Bend of the River. A portion of 
the eastbound Lewis and Clark Expedition, under Captain Clark, 
were the first white men to visit this area. They camped in 
the vicinity of Livingston on July 15* 1806. 
With the discovery of Yellowstone National Park in 1807 
by John Colter and its later organization into a National 
Park in 1872, Livingston became known as the gateway to Yellow­
stone National Park. Since then tourism and recreation have 
developed into an important part of Livingston's economy. 
But basically Livingston came into being due to the Northern 
Pacific Railway. It was named for one of the railway directors 
and incorporated in 1888. The basic industry of the whole 
county is agriculture. Agriculture, the Northern Pacific 
Railway, tourism, and recreation have been the basis for Liv­
ingston's growth to its present size. 
ECONOMIC: 
Agriculture is one of the primary industries of the county. 
Table 1 on page 11 shows that in i960 76I people were employed 
in agriculture in Park County, but only ^1 of these were in 
Livingston. Three types of industry account for almost three-
fourths of total employment in Livingston: transportation, 
Table 1 
Employment by Industry 
Source: U. S. Census 
I960 
Livingston park County 
Agriculture, forest, 
fish 41 761 
Mining 16 
Construction 171 289 
Manufacturing 319 427 
Trans., Comm., Utilities 810 953 
Wholesale, retail trade 705 9^2 
Finance, Insurance, 
Real Estate 118 130 
Services 683 985 
Government 133 241 
Industries not reported 46 69 
Totals 3,026 ^,813 
communications, and utilities; wholesale and retail trade; 
and services. Table 1 shows that this fact is true in i960. 
Table 2 on page 12 shows that a decrease is expected in agri­
culture and transportation and wholesale, retail trade by 
1985, with an increase in services by 1985- In general, by 
1985 there should be a general increase in the number employed 
in Park County. 
I-Ir. Stan Regele, president of the Livingston Golf and 
Table 2 
Future Park County Employment 
Source: Employment studies for Park County by Consulting 
Services Corporation and Theodore J. Wirth and 
Associates 
Projected Employment 
1985 
Agriculture, forest, 
fish 486 
Mining 15 
Construction 50? 
Manufacturing 281 
Trans., Comm., Utilities 930 
Wholesale, retail trade 926 
Finance, Insurance, 
Real Estate 179 
Services 1,371 
Government 3^7 
Industries not reported 50 
Total 5,132 
Country Club, said that the club!s membership is composed 
mainly of professional men, businessmen, some ranchers, and 
some railroad employees and officials. A further breakdown 
of the employed males of Livingston in I960 (See Table 3» 
p. 13) shows that professional and technical; craftsmen and 
foremen; operators; and managers, officials, and proprietors 
Table 3 
Employed Males 
Source: Employment Study for Livingston and Park County by 
Consulting Services Corporation and Theodore J. Wirth 
and Associates 
I960 
Occupational Distribution: Livingston Park County 
Professional and Technical &f> . . % 
Farmers and Farm Managers 1% 15$ 
Managers, Officials, and 
Proprietors 15$ 11I 
Clerical Ojb 
Sales 6% tyfo 
Craftsmen and Foremen 26fa 23% 
Operators 19$ 16$ 
Private Household \$ 1% 
Service 8$ 6% 
Farm Laborers 1% 7$ 
Laborers 11$ 8$ 
account for a large portion of the employed in Livingston. 
With this information and that from Table 2 on page 12, the 
future club membership should have a basis to increase on, 
since the main area of decline in employment will be agricultural. 
The past and future growth of Livingston is shown in 
Figure 3 on page 1^. Livingston is projected to continue its 
past growth with an estimated population of 8,800 in 1985• 
Figure 3 
Population - Past & Future 
Source: U. S. Census 
PROJECTED 
PARK COUNTY 
CITY OF LIVINGSTON 
1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 i960 65 70 ?5 80 1985 
Y E A R  
The age and sex of Livingston's population are also im­
portant factors affecting the country club's membership. A 
golf club's membership is composed mainly of people between 
the ages of thirty and sixty, since these people are usually 
well established financially and can afford to belong to a 
country club. It can be seen from Table 4 that in Livingston 
this age group is well represented by both the males and the 
females. 
Ta ble 4 
Population by Age and Sex 
Source: U. S. Census 
I960 
Male Female 
4 and under 420 370 
5 -9 390 430 
10-14 390 390 
15 - 19 270 305 
20 - 24 190 205 
25 - 29 220 215 
30-34 250 245 
35 - 39 270 260 
40-44 260 280 
45 - 49 275 275 
50 - 54 210 175 
55 - 59 185 195 
Continued on page 16 
60 - 64 
65 - 69 175 
185 
190 
70 - 7^ 160 180 
75 and over 130 210 
SOCIAL: 
Since most of the people of Livingston are employed in 
non-agricultural jobs, they are interested in clubs and organ­
izations. Elks, Moose, Eagles, Kiwanis, Lions Club, and Masonic 
Orders are just a few of more than a hundred organizations in 
Livingston. People who are members of such clubs are usually 
interested in country clubs, and therefore could provide good 
support for a new country club in Livingston. 
Recreation is also another important social element in 
the lives of Livingston's citizens. A rodeo, trout derby, 
and snowmobile rally are a few of the major special events 
in the conmunity. With such a sports and recreation-oriented 
citizenship, additional support would probably be given to a 
new country club. 
The present country club is a financial success according 
to Mp. Stan Regele. The club breaks even each year, with most 
of the profits being reinvested in club improvements and the 
remaining profit used to help pay off the club?s debts. 
There is a good interchange of golfers between Livingston 
and Bozeman, with the two clubs in Bozeman and the Livingston 
club encouraging participation in each other's tournaments. 
Also, Bozeman residents and Montana State University students 
make good everyday use of the Livingston course. This is due 
to the fact that green fees are usually lower at the Living­
ston course. Also, Livingston has milder winters, which al­
lows Bozeman people an opportunity to play the "winter cir­
cuit" in Livingston. 
Due to probable population increases and a stabilized 
industrial picture in the future, the present interest in 
organizations and recreation should continue as a basic part 
of the citizens1 social life. 
CLIMATE: 
The climate of Livingston is a middle latitude steppe 
or semiarid one with average high and low temperatures ranging 
from yi to 53 degrees in spring, ^ 9 to 70 degrees in summer, 
33 to 60 degrees in fall, and 25 to ^ 0 degrees in winter. 
Livingston usually suffers few below zero days. Livingston 
has had no damaging floods, no serious hailstorms, and is not 
subject to tornados, but is subject to very high winds. The 
winds are one of the major climatological factors, with winds 
known to get as high as 120 mph. The prevailing winds blow 
out of the Yellowstone Valley from the southwest and average 
from 30 to 50 mph. The sun angle at 12:00 p.m. with an azi­
muth of 180° varies during the year from about 20° to 70°. 
It can be seen from Table 5 on page 18 that Livingston 
Table 5 
Clirnatological Data 
Source: F. A. A. at Livingston Airport 
Average Precipitation-inches (10-year average) 
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun 
.46 .39 .87 1.16 2.35 2.26 
Total 13.97 
Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 
1.38 1.42 1.24 1.26 .80 .37 
Average Snowfall-inches (10-year average) 
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun 
7.3 5.2 10.6 6.4 1.4 T 
Total 48.5 
Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 
0 T 0.6 2.4 8.6 6.1 
Average Temperature-degrees (10-year average) 
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun 
27.6 29.8 32.7 42.4 52.9 60.8 
Mean Average 46.2 
Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 
69.2 67.4 56.7 50.1 35.8 29.7 
Maximum temperature (record) ••••••••••••••..•• .104° 
Minimum temperature (record) *45° 
Avg. No. days below 0° 13 
Avg. No. days above 32° .162 
Avg. No. days above 90° ••••••••••••••••• ..•••••••••• *18 
Avg. No. days more than 0.10 precip. 42 
is suited to golfing from June through September. During 
these months the average temperature is mild with little pre­
cipitation to interrupt golfing. Because of the high winds, 
the golf course is often kept free from snow during the winter 
months of November through April. This allows considerable 
"winter golfing", both by people from Livingston and Bozeman, 
on days when the temperature rises into the forties and above. 
SITE CONDITIONS 
SITE LOCATION: 
The present location of the Livingston Golf and Country 
Club is section 18, township 28, range 10E. The present site 
contains fifty-five acres on the southeast corner of Living­
ston Island. (See Map 2, p. 20) The present site is bordered 
by the Park County Fair Grounds on the north, the Yellowstone 
River on the south, privately owned unoccupied land on the 
west, and a county road and old city dump on the east. (See 
Fig. p. 21) The present golf course consists of a nine-
hole layout having grass greens, with the present clubhouse 
and other buildings located as shown in Map 2, p. 20. (Also 
see Fig. 5, pp* 22 and 23 and Appendix, p. 50) 
The site for my project will be expanded to include suf­
ficient land for an eighteen-hole layout. This expansion 
will be in accordance with plans that were laid out in the 
Comprehensive Plan for the Livingston Planning Area. This 
comprehensive plan was prepared by the Consulting Services 
Corporation, Theodore J. Wirth and Associates, and the City -
County Planning Board of Livingston and Park County. It was 
published in December, 1967* This plan calls for the expansion 
of Livingston Island into a regional recreation center. This 
would include expansion of the golf course by the acquisition 
of the county fairgrounds, the land north of the county road, 
including the old city dump, and some private land on the 
MAP A. 
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DUMP 
S/CAJAWEA 
HIGH 
PARK 
SCHOOL 
PARK 
MAP OF 
LIVINGSTON MONTANA 
L E Q E N D  
MAP 2. 
Map of present site and 
Livingston, Montana 
P R £  S B MT BOUNDARY 
E f X  I  S T I N G  B U I L D I N G S  
SWIMMINS POOL 
WATER LINE 
G-AS L INE 
F A I R W A Y S  9- G-/?££TA/S 
TREES 9- SWRfBS 
C O N T O U R  L I N E  
CA-WPCROOHP 
FIGURE i;. Site expansion area 
Old City Dump 
Looking west from behind # 3 green 
toward campground 
Looking north across old city dump 
from behind # 3 green 
Looking north across old city dump 
from beside # 2 green 
Looking northeast across old city 
dump from campground 
FIGURE Present golf course 
looking northwest across Yellowstone 
River at golf course from bluff 
Looking north along Yellowstone River 
from bluff overlooking golf course 
pQZie.NT GOLjc-
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Ptf£.S£HT 6oe./=r 
Looking west across Yellowstone River 
at golf course from bluff 
FIGURE (Con't) Present golf course 
Looking south up # k fairway from 
behind # 3 green 
Looking southwest across golf course 
from behind #' 3 green 
Looking southeast from # 1 tee 
down # 1 fairway 
south side of the present site. (See Map 2, p. 20) The ex­
panded site would then occupy all the land on Livingston Island 
north and west of a boundary approximately in line with F 
Street. (See Map 3» p» 25) 
The expanded site would be bordered by the Livingston 
Slough on the north and northwest sides, the Yellowstone River 
on the east and southeast sides, and school land on the south­
west. These boundaries would expand the golf course site to 
about 148 acres. (See Map 3, p. 25) 
If the tip of land on the east side of the site were 
excluded, the expanded site would be reduced to an area of 
131 acres. (8, 19&9) This land is sometimes totally surround­
ed by water, and its usefulness as part of the expanded site 
is questionable. (See Map 2, p. 20) 
Even with all the expansion, the site would still be 
totally located within section 18, township 2S, range 10E. 
NATURAL FEATURES: 
The terrain of Livingston Island is basically a flat 
one. The site slopes twenty feet from the south boundary 
to the north point of the island. (See Map 4, p. 26) water 
surrounds the site on three sides, so it is safe to assume 
that the whole site is sub-irrigated. Mr. Jimmy Robinson, 
golf pro at the Livingston Golf and Country Club, said that 
the site is underlaid with river wash and gravels, and that 
tops oil had to be hauled in to build the greens and fairways 
L E Q E N D  
SCHOOL PROPERTY (PROPOSED)-
SCHOOL PROPERTY (EXISTING) 
PROPOSED SCENIC OPEN SPACE 
COMMUNITY PARK 
NEIGHBORHOOD PARK (PROPOSED) 
NEIGHBORHOOD PARK (EXISTING} 
r.v.' • iii'iY«Y»*J 
FARKS AND OPEN SPACE STUDY 
LIVINGSTON MONTANA 
v^.v.v SPECIAL RECREATION AREA PROPOSED) 
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HAP 3. (2, 1967:83) 
Map of expanded site 
L I V I N G S T O N  
S L O U G H  
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T H E O D O R E  J  W I R T H  A  A S S O C I A T E S  
C O N S U L T I N O  S E R V I C E S  C O R P O R A T I O N  
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CONTOUR INTERVAL' 
20 feet 
MAP it. (7, 19£l) 
Topography of site and 
surrounding area 
•4-700• 
of the present course. This suggests that the drainage should 
not be a problem if proper grading is done at the site of 
the new clubhouse. Soil bearing capacity of this type of 
soil should be very good and present no problems. This is 
supported by the fact that the present clubhouse has been on 
the site for thirty years and there has been no uneven set­
tling or cracking problems in its foundation. (15, 19&9) 
The vegetation on the site consists of cottonwood trees 
and shrubs, located as shown in Map 2 on p. 20. The present 
golf course has fairways planted in grass with grass greens. 
The rest of the expanded site is covered with wild grass, 
except for the junk yard and old city dump. 
ORIENTATION: 
The orientation of the clubhouse on the expanded site 
would depend on the natural features of the site, the layout 
of the expanded golf course, and accessibility to roads and 
utilities. The actual site for the clubhouse is undetermined, 
because the expanded course layout has not yet been designed. 
In orienting the clubhouse, the views both distant and 
adjacent, should be taken into consideration. The rugged 
Absaroka Mountains to the south offer the best distant view. 
(See Fig. 2, p. 8) Less majestic views are presented by the 
mountains to the x^est and the Yellowstone Valley to the east. 
The adjacent environment includes high bluffs on the far side 
of the Yellowstone River to the southeast, with the rest of 
the site surrounded by schools, parks, and residences. (See 
Fig. 1, pp. h and 5» and Fig. 2, p. 8) These areas are rich 
with trees. The Livingston Slough, which is to be dredged 
and made into a scenic open space, (2, 1967:83) will add to 
these adjacent views. 
The wind and sun must also be taken into consideration 
in orienting the clubhouse. Since the prevailing winds come 
out of the Yellowstone Valley from the southwest, windbreaks 
must be provided in the form of existing and planned trees. 
These trees can also be used for sun shade, both for the club­
house and for the golfers. 
Access to roads and utilities must also be considered 
in selecting and orienting the clubhouse. These and the basic 
traffic patterns of Livingston will be discussed later. 
ZONING AND UTILITIES: 
Livingston Island is currently outside the city limits. 
So no restrictions, either in zoning or in setbacks from prop­
erty lines are present. But, the National Building Code will 
serve as a guide line in building regulations. 
The present clubhouse has electrical power, water, and 
gas lines as shown in I-iap 2 on p. 20. The water line is a 
four-inch line and is an extension from the city line running 
down the center of Q Street. (13» 19&9) T5le £as line is 
extension of the line coming down the alley between F and 3 
Streets. It is located under the present road into the club-
' 
house. (12, I969) The electrical power line comes into the 
present clubhouse along the same road as the gas does. Elec­
trical power is also available along the county road running 
northwest through the site. Since the site is outside of the. 
city limits, no storm sewers and sewage lines are present 
on the entire site. The present clubhouse uses a septic tank 
sewage system. (15» 19&9) 
The only other point served by utilities on the expanded 
site is at the northeast end of Geyser Street in the old city 
•dump area. A present trailer house at this point is served 
by a six-inch water line, with a water well house also present 
at this point to serve a nearby campground. (13. 19&9) The 
gas line is also an extension from the one running down Geyser 
Street, with electrical power also coming in on the same gen­
eral line. (12, 19&9) 
The Montana Power Company said an extension could be 
made on any of the present gas and power lines where they 
end at the Livingston Slough. Existing water lines could 
also be extended in the same manner to serve a new clubhouse 
on the expanded site. Up to a thousand feet of electrical 
power line will be installed free. Any extended gas lines 
will be installed free as long as the cost for such install­
ation is less than three times the estimated annual income 
that the Montana Power Company will make from the extension. 
Any cost over this would be paid by the country club. 
The present golf course is irrigated by a sprinkler 
system, with buried pipelines. Water is pumped from the Yel­
lowstone River. Irrigation would also be provided for the 
next nine holes by the extension of present lines and the 
expansion of the pumping station. 
TRAFFIC PATTERNS: 
The existing clubhouse site is served by the county 
road passing through Livingston Island. But this road will 
cease to exist under street patterns set forth in the compre­
hensive plan. Existing and planned streets with their rela­
tive importance are shown in Map 5»"P» 31* From this map 
it can be seen that a new parkway road was planned along the 
Yellowstone River. It will ne included in the site plan and 
would have a right-of-way of forty feet, reducing the site 
acreage to 126 acres. This parkway road was planned to have 
a right-of-way width from eighty feet to two hundred feet. 
But in an interview with Mr. Dick Dean, an employee of the 
Office of the City Engineer, he said a road that wide would 
not- be built because of opposition by the Park Commission. 
He said the road., if built, would be more like a forty foot 
right-of-way and twenty foot paved strip. This road could 
be utilized to give access to the new clubhouse site. Also, 
this road would act as a dike along the Yellowstone River 
adding some flood protection to the course. In comparing 
Map 2, p. 9 and Map 5.» p» 31, it can be seen that partial 
relocation of the present third and fourth holes might be 
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necessary with this road present. 
It can be seen from Map 5, p. 31, that M Street is con­
sidered a primary arterial, along with Geyser Street. These 
two streets are to be connected by another planned parkway 
road, which could also provide excellent access to a clubhouse 
at this end of the site. H Street is considered a collector 
street, and also could be used as access road to the golf 
course. 
The parking lot, which should be convenient to the club­
house, should be connected to one of these access streets to 
allow good traffic movement. All traffic on the golf course 
will either be by foot or in golf carts, except for mainte­
nance of the course, which might include the use of pickups. 
FUNCTION 
The functions of a country club are basically centered 
on the factors of enjoyment and relaxation for the members. 
This enjoyment and relaxation can be either social or recre­
ational in character. The functions of a country club can 
therefore be divided into two nain activities: social and 
golfing. 
The size of the clubhouse is based upon the membership 
of the country club. The current membership of the Livingston 
Golf and Country Club is about 160. Mr. Stan Regele, current 
club president, said that in recent years the membership has 
increased at about eleven per year. Next year they expect 
to get about fifteen new members from Big Timber. With these 
current growing trends, Mr. Regele expected the club membership 
to be at least two hundred in five years. In the design of 
the new country club, I will use two hundred twenty-five mem­
bers, since it seems likely that the club would reach this 
membership eventually, even without the expansion of the course 
to eighteen holes as is being done in this problem* 
SOCIAL ACTIVITIES: 
The social activities of the country club are mainly 
used by the club members. The spaces in this part of the build­
ing need to be comfortable, relaxing, and intimate. A night­
club or somewhat elegant atmosphere could be maintained to 
-3*u 
add to the enjoyment of these spaces, especially the bar and 
lounge areas. Advantage should be made of the distant views 
offered by the mountains. A separate entrance from the golf 
area should be provided. This separation could occur in the 
entry vestibule to the building. 
Entry: This area should be inviting to the members and 
visitors, and therefore should be directly accessible from 
the parking lot. This area can be the point where the golfing 
and social traffic are separated, or there might be a neces­
sity for a separate golf entrance entirely. This area should 
provide a transition from the outside cold of winter to the 
warmth of the interior social spaces, which suggests a double 
door system. Coat facilities should be contained in this area 
or be directly accessible from the entry area. The entry 
area must also relate directly to the lounge area of the social 
facilities. 
Lounge and Bar: These areas are the center of the social 
activities in a country club. Therefore, they should be es­
pecially inviting and relaxing. These areas also form the 
financial backbone of the country club. The bar should be 
closely related to the lounge area. In fact, the lounge, or 
part of' it, could be utilized as a cocktail lounge. The lounge 
should seat about ten people comfortably and in such a manner 
as to encourage conservation and relaxation. The lounge should 
not be too inviting if it is not also utilized as a cocktail 
lounge, since this might tend to take business away from the 
bar. The lounge and cocktail lounge area should add to the 
patronage of the bar. A television in this area might help 
accomplish this better. The bar, besides being directly ac­
cessible to the lounge, should also be accessible to the dining 
and dancing area, but not so prominent as to discourage before 
meal drinking. The bar should also be directly accessible 
to the grill in the golfers' area. In this way, drinks and 
beer could be provided for the golfer as he comes in off the 
course for a snack and refreshment. This would definitely 
add to the patronage of the bar. The bar should have the 
latest bar facilities, with possibly.a portable bar for small 
group gatherings in the dining area. The furniture in the 
bar and lounge - cocktail lounge area should be movable, al­
lowing for flexibility. The bar should be able to serve fif­
teen to twenty comfortably, utilizing stools at the bar and 
some tables. Storage for bar supplies must also be provided 
directly off the bar area. These storage facilities must be 
ample enough for the storage of liquor, mix, beer, and other 
bar supplies. Restrooms must also be easily accessible from 
the bar and lounge areas. 
Dining and Dancing: The dining and dancing area should, 
be flexible so it can handle everyday small uses, such as 
ladies' card games and small dining groups, and the larger 
party uses. The area should be provided with a bandstand 
area, large enough to handle four musicians. An outdoor ter­
race directly off this area is also a possibility, with bar-
becue facilities provided on the terrace. The space should 
be able to handle approximately 100 to 110 diners comfortably, 
and also be able to accommodate about the same number of dan­
cers. Adequate table and chair storage must be readily acces­
sible to this area, along with restrooms. The bar should so 
relate to this area as to encourage its use during all uses 
of the dining - dancing area. Also, the food service area 
must be directly accessible to this area. 
Food Service: At the present country club the use of 
catering services is utilized, since the dining area is main­
ly used only for banquets and similar functions. There are 
several nice restaurants and nightclubs in Livingston, so 
the dining area x^ould not be used in that capacity. The food 
service area in this problem should be designed to handle 
only banquet-type functions, in which there would be no night­
ly turnover. This means that the food service facilities 
should be able to handle about 100 to 110 diners comfortably. 
This area would be adequately equipped, but not elaborately 
equipped. There should be good ventilation and cooling though. 
Adequate food storage and table setting storage should be 
provided in this area. 
Restrooms: The restrooms should be easily accessible 
from all social areas. They should be large, with a powder 
room provided in the women's, and have good ventilation. They 
should be easily maintainable, resulting in a sanitary, bright 
atmosphere. 
r _3?_ 
GOLFING ACTIVITIES.: 
The golfing activities have an athletic atmosphere, re­
sulting in more informal spaces. People who come to golf 
wear different attire that those who come for the social ac­
tivities, so there is a need to have the social and golfing 
areas of the clubhouse separate, but not necessarily in a 
separate building. This separation can be either horizontal 
or vertical, and as mentioned, before can be accomplished at 
the main entry vestibule or by separate entrances to the golf­
ing and social areas. The golfing activities need to be dir­
ectly accessible from the parking lot. Since visitors and 
non-club members will be using only the golfing facilities 
and not the social, this indicates that a separate entrance 
to golfing facilities might be more appropriate. There must 
be direct traffic flow from the parking lot to the fee col­
lecting area in the golfing area of the building. In this 
case the pro shop will be where the fees are collected, since 
the club is not large enough to employ a full-time fee col­
lector and starter in addition to the pro. 
Pro Shop: The pro shop is the focal point of the golfing 
activities, in terms of club members and non-club members. 
This area must be closely related to the social activities 
for easy accessibility. The pro shop needs to be so located 
as to have visual control of the first and tenth tees and 
the ninth and eighteenth greens for regulation of the golfing 
traffic. Since the fees are to be collected in the pro shop, 
\y 
facilities for this business activity must be provided for, 
along with facilities for the sale of merchandise that will 
be displayed in the pro shop. A small business office might 
be necessitated, but office work could also be handled behind 
the sales counter. The pro shop needs to have an attractive 
atmosphere, with space enough for club swinging and attractive 
displays of golfing merchandise. The way in which this mer­
chandise is displayed has a great influence on how well it 
will sell. The merchandise should be displayed in an open 
manner so the customer can inspect the items. But this re­
quires visual control from the sales counter to prevent shop­
lifting. The men's and women1s locker rooms should be dir­
ectly accessible from the pro shop, along with club and golf 
cart storage. 
Locker Rooms: These areas should be well ventilated, 
attractive, and bright. Color and natural lighting can help 
accomplish this nicely. In the men's locker room there should 
be about 70 to 75 lockers, about four showers, with adequate 
dressing area and toilet facilities. The lockers should pro­
vide clothes hanging space, along with storage of other small 
items. -The women's locker room should have anywhere from 
30 to 35 lockers, about three showers, with dressing, space 
and adequate toilet facilities. 
Grill: This area, sometimes called the "19th hole", 
would have a small- food serving area, where the golfer could 
\y 
get a snack, and be so located that the main bar area could 
be used to provide mixed drinks and beer to the golfer in 
the "19th hole". This area would be used by visitors, non-
members, and members, at least those members who prefer not 
to shower and change before using the main bar and lounge. 
In this wayj these club members could enjoy the more informal 
atmosphere of the "19th hole1'. This facility would be an 
important factor in the financial stability of the club. 
It must be based on efficient design and operation if it is 
to make any money. Seating should be provided for about thirty 
people, either at the counter or at tables. This area should 
be easily accessible from the starting and finishing areas, 
especially the ninth and eighteenth holes. 
Golf Bag and Cart Storage: This area should provide 
storage for bags and cart storage and motorized cart storage. 
Efficiency in storage of carts and bags should be sought for, 
with ease of accessibility for the golfer, since this will 
probably be a self-service area. A club cleaning service 
could be provided. 
Swimming Pool: The present clubhouse has a swimming 
pool, about forty feet by fifteen feet. I was informed by 
Mr. Regele that this pool is a plastic one and is capable 
of being moved. So this pool will be moved and utilized at 
the site of my clubhouse. Due to the noise factors, the 
swimming pool should be located away from the country club. 
A separate locker and shower room building would be provided 
J+O-
to handle swimmers. Toilet facilities would also be provided 
in this building. These toilet facilities shall be easily 
accessible to the golf course, especially the starting and 
finishing areas, since they will be used by the golfers. 
Maintenance Shop and Storage: There should be an area 
where equipment for the maintenance of the course can be stored 
and worked on. This area does not need to be closely related 
to the country club. 
Parking; Parking space for 100 to 125 cars should be 
provided. This space must be directly accessible to both 
the social and golfing areas. Also, it should be easily ac­
cessible from the access road to the clubhouse. Aesthetically, 
it should not have the appearance of a concentration of cars 
a nd/or paveme nt. 
AESTHETICS 
J+l-
Americans have developed an architectural character for 
clubhouses that is far removed from earlier attempts to copy 
the famed Royal and Ancient Golf Club style of British origin. 
(1, 195^:25) They have done this through the use of "open 
and functional planning, broad sweeping viex^rs, light structur­
al systems, creative use of materials and colors, and control 
of interior climates". (1, 1956:25) These characteristics 
of modern architecture have allowed man to relieve his tensions 
through the activity of golfing and the relaxation of the 
clubhouse atmosphere. The golfer wants a building in which 
he can relax and enjoy himself comfortably, while retreating 
from the strains of a normal day. 
The golf clubhouse is a recreational center where people 
come to relax, but the number of people and their needs for 
relaxation are constantly changing; therefore, the clubhouse 
must be flexible to accommodate these changes. This affects 
the aesthetics of the building, since flexibility implies 
a light structure with few bearing walls. Webster defines 
aesthetics briefly as the study of beauty. So the beauty 
of a clubhouse must be achieved through the design of the 
building form, proportion, roof lines, and materials. The 
texture and color of the materials is very important to the 
beauty of the building. 
Another important factor in the aesthetic quality of 
a clubhouse is the siting and landscaping of the building 
and of the entire golf course. Good landscaping in terras of 
vegetation and advantageous use of views can help relax the 
golfer while on the course and add tremendously to the char­
acter of the building. Basically, the clubhouse must relate 
to the site in a harmonious manner through form and color. 
Interior or semi-interior spaces that have a controlled 
climate are just as important for the golfers' relaxation 
as are the exterior spaces. This includes terraces, patios, 
and other covered-open porches. These spaces add an open 
quality to the character of the building, while forming an 
easy and pleasant transition between the interior spaces and 
the golf course. They also provide a contrast of shaded open 
space to naturally lit open space. 
In general, the clubhouse should have a recreational 
character, where people can come and relax in the atmosphere 
of the indoor spaces. These spaces should have a formal char­
acter for social activities and an informal character for the 
golfing activities. 
ECONOMICS 
The financing of this project would be based on funds 
raised by the club itself, being matched by Federal funds and 
with some assistance from the city and county, since the club 
will be open to public use by citizens of Livingston and 
other visitors. The Comprehensive Plan for Livingston sug­
gests that the existing junk yard and private campground 
should be purchased by the city or county. The land occupied 
by the old city dump is already owned by the city. The City 
Park Board or County Park Board should obtain a transfer of 
deed from city agencies for all land on the north end of Liv­
ingston Island which will be included in this project's ex­
pansion. This includes the present county fair grounds. 
(2, 1967:80) The Federal funds would be obtained through 
the Capital Improvements Program for financing parks and open 
space development. 
Club membership fees are currently i 100 per year for a 
family membership, i'/hen joining, an extra $100 is assessed, 
but this is refundable if membership is discontinued. ^o as 
a basis to start from, $22,500 would be available from a year's 
fees with a membership of 225. Additional yearly income would 
be available from the green fees paid by non-members of the 
club. No estimate can be made on this portion of the income, 
since no records of annual green fees has been kept at the 
present Livingston Golf and Country Club. 
The cost of this proposal can be divided into two areas: 
expansion and improvement of the golf course and building 
cost of the new country club. 
Ciolf Course Cost: The cost of expansion of the present 
nine-hole course to eighteen holes depends on the factors of 
land cost, natural assets and liabilities of the chosen land, 
and labor and equipment costs. The land costs on Livingston 
Island, according to Mr. Regele, are about $1500 per acre. 
Land aquisition would amout to about 93 acres, since the 
present site is about 55 acres and the expanded site is to 
be about 148 acres. This would amount to a cost of about 
$139*500. But the city alreadjr owns the old city dump area, 
and the county owns the fair grounds facilities, so if it is 
assumed that these acres will be donated in the transfer of 
deed operation, as part of their obligation, then the land 
cost would only be about $20,000. From "Planning and Buildin, 
the Golf Course", (6:11) the cost of building a nine-hole 
course, which is what the expansion of present facilities 
to eighteen holes would amount to, on ideal land, not includ­
ing land costs, would be from $25,000 to $60,000. This in­
cludes materials, such as fertilizer, water pipe, pump, sprin 
klers, seed, etc. On land that is partially wooded or with 
drainage problems, the cost of building a nine-hole course 
would be $35,000 to $90,000. The land with which we are deal 
ing is partially wooded in spots, but not extensively, and 
there are no drainage problems, so a cost for building the 
golf course, including labor, would be about $50,000. The 
total cost, including land, would be $70,000. 
Building Cost Analysis: The square foot method of cal­
culating an approximate building cost will be used. Figures 
have been taken from the Marshall Valuation Service, 1967, 
Section II, page 12. 
Type and Quality: Good Country Club 
Kxterior Walls: Stone or face brick, metal or concrete panels, 
Interior Finish: Plaster, carpeting, terrazzo, vinyl-asbestos 
Lighting, Plumbing, Mechanical: Good lighting, bar, dining 
and glass 
room, kitchen, good plumbin,: 
Heat: Hot water 
Square Foot 
Unit Cost 
Base square foot unit cost $ 18.00 
The following multipliers and additives are 
applied to the base square foot unit cost 
to give a refined square foot unit cost 
Central Refrigeration with ducts and 
zone' control $ 1.10 $ 19.10 
Local multiplier $ 1.03 $ 19.67 
Current Cost multiplier $ 1.03 $ 20.26 
Refined square foot unit dost $ 20.26 
Approximate square feet in new country 
club facilities 5000 
Estimated Building Cost 5000 x $20.26 = $ 101,300 
Plumbing Costs 2000 gallon septic tank $ 725 
Drain Field Tile $ 2.70 / lin ft 
150 feet $ 405 
Swimming Pool Costs: Mr. Regele said that it cost 
about $3000 to move and install the swimming 
pool to the site where it is now. So this 
figure will be used again. $ 3,000 
Summary: 
Land Aquisition $ 20,000 
Golf Course 50,000 
Building Cost 101,300 
Plumbing 7^5 
Drain Field Tile 405 
Sxvrimming Pool 3*000 
Total Project Cost $ 175*^30 
SUMMARY 
My research and design for the Livingston Golf and Country 
Club have been in aaccordance with plans set down in The Compre­
hensive Plan for Livingston made in December, 19&7. The Compre­
hensive Plan designates Livingston Island, on which my site is 
located, as a recreational center for Livingston. The Comprehen­
sive Plan provides area for expansion of the present nine-hole 
course into an eighteen-hole layout. Access to the expanded site 
would be provided by Geyser Street, a community arterial, and by 
the proposed parkway drive, which follows the Yellowstone River. 
I have connected these two streets with a Golf Course Drive, on 
which my building site for the country club would be located. I 
have tried to keep this road semi-private by lining it with 
trees and making it a narrow right-of-way width of forty feet. 
It is curved to discourage general traffic use, but this also 
allows various views of the clubhouse as one approaches it. 
In my design of expanding the course from nine to eighteen 
holes, I have eliminated sun problems on the present course by 
having the sun at the golfer1s back as he starts early in the 
day on the first tee and the sun at his back as he finishes late 
in the evening on the eighteenth hole. I have used eight out 01 
nine of the existing greens, with the # 3 green being eliminated 
by the parkway road. I have also tried to use as many existing 
trees on the expansion area as possible in the eighteen-hole lay­
out. Parking has been kept close to the clubhouse and golfing 
areas, but kept from becoming an eye sore by recessing it and by 
-47a-
surrounding it by hedge and trees. 
The activities of the clubhouse can be divided into social, 
golfing, and other recreational activities. I have separated 
these functions in a horizontal rambling design, since the site 
is flat and I have plenty of area. The social functions of the 
clubhouse are oriented for relaxation and flexibility, especially 
in the banquet room, since relaxation can take the form of a 
party, a banquet, dining, women's club gatherings, or general 
conversation. Flexibility is obtained by using movable parti­
tions and folding doors. 
Large glass areas have been used to bring the views into 
the interior spaces as part of the members' relaxation. Ter­
races have also been used for exterior relaxation, with ease of 
access to the terraces from the banquet room, bar and cocktail 
lounge, and 19th hole. The terrace is elevated for separation 
from the golfing activities, with hedge providing additional 
visual separation, but not hampering the view of the course or 
of the distant mountains. The terrace is oriented on the south 
side of the building to get the greatest sun exposure and the 
best views. The terrace is divided into a more formal dining 
area, located off the banquet room, having a good view of the 
course, swimming pool, and flower garden. This formal terrace 
is separated somewhat from the informal dining terrace, located 
off the bar and cocktail lounge, and the 19th hole. The bar-
beque facilities are located, on this informal terrace, and the 
golfer has easy access to this informal terrace. 
-47 b-
The general appearance of the building is non-commerical, 
with kind of a home-like but simple character. The sloped roof 
lines contrast with the general levelness of the site and the 
bluffs on the south side of the Yellowstone River, but harmonize 
with the rugged peaks of the mountains to the southeast. The 
roof lines also reflect the interior volume requirements. The 
highest roof is over the banquet room, with the directional 
pitch giving a. focal point to the interior space at the south 
end of the room. The lower level pitched roof covers the kit­
chen, bar and cocktail, and the 19th hole, which need less vol­
ume than the banquet room, but more than those functions covered 
by the lower flat roof, like the entry vestibule, the office, 
the coat rooms, and the restrooms. 
The golfing activities are centered around the pro shop. 
The pro shop is the focal point as one enters from the parking 
lot. It is located by itself between two breezways for easy 
access, and this also allows the golf pro to have visual control 
of the first and tenth tees, the ninth and eighteenth greens, 
the driving range, and the golf course in general. 
The golfing functions are located in a production line 
fashion, with circulation being from parking lot, to locker 
rooms, to golf bag storage, to pro shop, to practice green, and 
then to the # 1 tee. 
The breezway offers protection from inclimate weather so 
one can go from the locker rooms, to the pro shop, to the club­
house (19th hole) and be protected. The breezway between the 
-47 Ci­
pro shop and. the clubhouse (19th hole) functions as the main 
circulation pathway through the clubhouse complex for golfers 
who have finished playing hole # 9 and who are going to the 
# 10 tee, and. for those golfers who have finished. # 18 and are 
coming into the locker rooms. The 19th hole and pro shop are 
located on this main breezway to encourage patronage of these 
areas by the golfers, helping to give financial stability to 
the country club. The other breezway functions as a pathway 
for golfers on their x-ray to the $ 1 tee from the locker rooms 
or the golf bag storage area. 
The other recreational facilities are located for ease of 
access from the parking lot and the golf locker rooms, with no 
interference with social traffic circulation. The bath house 
facilities for the boys and girls are separate from the monTs 
and women's golf locker rooms because of the difference in their 
functions. The bath house is exclusively for the use of boys 
and girls going swimming, while the golf locker rooms are mainly 
for men and women golfers, but could be used by men and women 
who want to go swimming. The swimming pool is separated by 
l&wn from the golfing and social areas but clearly visible from 
these areas, especially from the terrace. The tennis courts 
are located for easy access from the golf locker rooms and the 
parking lot. The sloped roofs allow a greater volume in the 
locker rooms and bath house, and also allow natural light in 
these areas. 

BOOKS: 
lf Cliffer, Harold J., PLANNING THE GOLF CLUBHOUSE, National 
Golf Foundation, Chicago, 1956, PP» 25-66 and 83-92. 
2. Consulting Services Corporation, Theodore J. Wirth and 
Associates, and the City - County Planning Board; 
Livingston and Park County, THE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN -
Livingston Planning Area, December, 1967, pp. 31-46 
and 67-90* 
3. Marshall and Stevens, MARSHALL VALUATION SERVICE, Los 
Angles, Marshall Stevens Company. 
PAMPHLETS: 
4. Cliffer, Harold J., "Golf Clubhouse Planning and Evalu­
ating Checklist", National Golf Foundation, Chicago, 
pp. 1-9. 
5. Livingston Chamber of Commerce, "Come for Outdoor Funl 
Living s t on, Monta na ". 
6. National Golf Foundation, Inc., "Planning and Building 
the Golf Course", National Golf Foundation, Chicago, 
pp. 1-11, 
7. Geological Survey Map - Livingston Quadrangle, U.S. De­
partment of Interior, Published by Geological Survey, 
1951. 
INTERVIEWS: 
8. Bolland, Kenneth, Work Unit Conservationist, S.C.S., Park 
County, Personal Interview at Livingston, Montana on 
January 30, 1969-
9. Dean, Dick, Employee of the Office of City Engineer of 
Livingston, Personal Interview at Livingston, Montana 
on February 10, I969 • 
10. Federal Aviation Administration, U.S. V/eather Bureau, 
Personal Interview at Livingston Airport on 
January 23, 1969* 
-i<9-
11. Grant, Lachlan, Montana State Employment Service, Personal 
Interview at Livingston, Montana on January 23, 19&9• 
12. Montana Power Company, Personal Interview at Livingston, 
Montana on January 23 and 30» 1969* 
13» Reed, Verne, City Engineer of Livingston, Personal Interview 
at Livingston, Montana on January 23, 19^9• 
14-. Regele, Stan, President of the Livingston Golf, and Country 
Club, Personal Interview at Livingston, Montana on 
February 13, 19^9• 
15 Robinson, Jimmy, Golf Pro at the Livingston Golf and 
Country Club, Personal Interview at Livingston, 
Montana on January 23 and 30, ^ 9^9• 
• 
APPENDIX 
- so 
Ou 7* 
PLANNED -HOLE LAYOUT 
iVii V"-0' 
D R  i y i  N &  R/\N<2£ 
f a r p  
P L A N N E D  
B U I L P  I N  C .  
S T .  T O R Y ' S  
ADP !T\OKI 
y A ft P_§ 
P U B L I C  
P A R K  
VARP^  
£  K .  V M  V  D)?| V£ 
LEGEND 
EXIST ING TREES.  
PLANNED TREES €£5 
WATER (DREDGED) .  
UT IL IZED EXIST ING GREENS 
SAND TRAPS 
PUMPHOUSE FOR COURSE 
BRIDGE 
CULVERT.  
PUBL IC  
PARK 
°W £rom £  
R i v e r  
COURSE CARD 
HOLE YARDS PAR 
1 410  4  
? 345  4  
3  545  5  
4  500  5  
5  140  3  
6  280  4  
7  145  3  
8  395  4  
9  350  4  
OUT 3110  36  
10  390  4  
1 1  475  _ 5  
12  210  3  
1 3  395  4  
14  490  5  
1 5  370  4  
1 6  165  3  
1 7  4  i n  4  
18  425  4  
IN  3330  36  
TOTAL 6440  72  
C L A R K  S T R E E T  
O L D  
C / T Y  
D U M  P S  
SCALE ;  I "  =  400  
S T .  M A R Y ' S  
A DDJTI OKI J *  U N  K  Y A R D  
C O U N T Y  
F A I R  & R O U W D 5  
C L U B  H O U S E  
V E L L O W S T O M E  R I V E R  
PRESENT 
9-HOLE 
LAYOUT 
COURSE CARD 
HOLE YARDS PA R  1 42  3  4  
2  379  4  
3  _ 1 98  3  
4  376  a .  
5  306  4  
6  546  5  
7  506  5  
8  1 29  3  
9  329  4  
TOTAL 3192  3  6  
MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES 
stks 720.6.M76M424 CA 
A golf and country club for Livingston, 
3 1762 00158166 7 
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