A Military Headquarters Facility STATEMENT OF PERMISSION TO COPY By presenting this program as partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Arts in Interior Design from the School of Architecture at Montana State University, I agree that the library shall make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission to copy these pages for scholarly purposes may be granted by my advisor, or in her absense, by the Director of Libraries. It is also understood that any copying or publication of this program for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Signature Date Military Headquarters Facility The Implications of Environmental Psychology by Laura L. Luloff A program document submitted in partial fulfillment for the degree Bachelor of Arts in Interior Design School of Architecture Montana State University Bozeman, Montana June 1988 Advisor s, Coordinator Director fool of Architecture Aid— lyvb ' / j2J^ £±y 7 - — l U T t K ^ s p37A 1 1 1 A % % ^Zzz jf. y////, % % HEATING DEGREE DAYS COOLING DEGREE DAYS PERCENT SUNSHINE 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 J F M A M J J A S O N D Winter solstice Summer solstice 4 Case Studies CASE STUDIES Studying past examples of headquarters facilities makes the designer more aware of the problems that can arise by attempting to create a people-oriented environment. The following case studies are chosen for their pertinence to the proposed .project. There are three cases of military headquarters facilities, one world headquarters focused on image, and one corporate headquarters focused on humanistic approaches to design. The relationship of these cases to the proposed project is discussed in the implications section of each case studies. CASE STUDY 1 Project; Frito Location: Piano Designer; Lohan -Lay Headquarters , TX Associates Introduction; This corporate headquarters was designed for Frito-Lay Incorporated. The site for this facility is in Piano, Texas, which is twenty-four miles north of Dallas. At this location flat dry country of Texas gives way to green swells and dips of water. The reason that this facility was chosen is because every aspect of the project reveals the designer's humanistic approach to architecture. Analysis: The function of this facility is a corporate headquarters; however, the emotional qualities of view, color, and nature are just as important as the functional aspects. The designer has made sure that there is an increasing emphasis on interior design. This facility is a combination of closed executive offices and open office plan. The main goal was to encourage communication among the employees and more sense of identity in a large corporation. The horizontal circulation patterns facilitate social interaction. The circulation itself relates to the courtyard, making walking anywhere a new experience. The office areas with space planning based on an efficient five foot module are mainly open and use seventy inch high panels for visual privacy. All the ceiling heights were raised to nine feet six inches. The numerous perimeter offices have clerestories on their inner walls and let in natural light. The narrow 90* width of the wings was chosen specifically to maximize daylight and to provide unblocked sight lines. Implications: The implications that this facility has towards the proposed facility is how the design relates to the personnel that will work in this facility. The approaches of environmental psychology are visible in all aspects of this facility. The designer's concern to humanize archi­ tecture, to make the environment warmer and richer is evident. Incorporating these ideals into the proposed facility, creating an environment that is designed for the people inhabiting these spaces rather than for other designers, is to be strived for. Right: Wooded, watered site suggested unique treatment for facility. Lake was inte­ grated into design of low- lying wings. Below: Three wings intersect around central landscaped courtyard to form distinctive footprint of building. Below: Elevated pool flows under lobby (bottom) through courtyard, empties under caf­ eteria into 8.3 acre lake. Above: Open plan areas use Below: Extensive Manage- high end wood and uphol- ment Conference Center can stered system. Colors signal accommodate a variety of specific departments. meetings. Flexible rooms have demountable walls. CASE STUDY 2 Project; Merrill Lynch World Headquarters Location: New York's World Financial Center Designer; Skidmore, Owings and Merrill Introduction; The Merrill Lynch world headquarters, built on the tip of Manhattan, occupies two of the four landmark towers in the World Financial Center designed by Cesar Pelli. However, the interiors of these towers are designed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill. The reason this project was selected is because not only are people being considered but also cost, efficiency and function. These are also what the military's main goals are in design projects and should be considered for the proposed project. Analysis: With the Merrill Lynch world headquarters, SOM had to strive for new heights of elegance for a financial headquarters. SOM also had to monitor a nine figure budget very closely, put up with an exceptionally complex schedule, plus had the challenge of designing environments appropriate to an icon of finance. The image that was trying Lynch's image of leadershi derived from always striving United States stockmarket bu Tokyo, Toronto, and London. to be conveyed was Merrill p, the leadership that was to be on top in not only the t also foreign markets such as This facility.has unique demands for communications and physical comfort. For this reason level changes were created for increased eye contact and a louvered ceiling was created for a decrease in noise. Along with this are demands for elegance. Merrill Lynch also has stressed that the physical environment has to be as crucially important as the function of the facility. Cooperation between all disciplines played a vital role in producing this people/function oriented environment. SOM realized the importance of getting those who were going to occupy and manage the space involved in the project from the start. One of the first steps to this was developing a unifying themfe that tied everything together. Cost was kept to a minimum by the use of reusable components that would probably pay for themselves in about three to four years. All the furnishings and finishes were evaluated on the relationship between cost, image and efficiency. Implications: The implications of this project toward the proposed project are the three main considerations: cost, image and efficiency. The military finds cost to be the determining factor for projects. Although human functions are some­ times considered, cost is more important. Image is also a main concern for the military. To maintain an image of professionalism and leadership through design is vital. Often, more importantly, the military strives for efficiency: to create an environment that will increase the efficiency and productivity of the workforce. This case study demonstrates how an efficient professional design can be accomplished within a strict budget, yet look elegant and be very people-oriented. • • t; • TTTTT *9 .1.1.1.1.11111'.!! i|H|i)inin Above: Symmetrical plan of 32nd floor shows executive office suites communicating with galleries connected by rotundas. Above: Typical investment banking floor with exterior private offices along the window wall. Light enters interior through glazed ver­ tical grid. T : q i0-: c :5 i = £4 fc5 fe d I Fcv-L ~~ an J^cc 1^? vi/' m ]o [>,, ;^V'VV- •>\* M ? jtfjf • •-ii^g?-v'' ; ' : if'-: *»/ CASE STUDY 3 Project: Headquarters Buildings Location; Tucson, AZ; Duluth, MN; San Antonio, TX Designer: The Army Corp of Engineers Introduction: The evaluation of these buildings are relevant due to the fact that all of these buildings are exactly identical to the building proposed for this project. All of these buildings were constructed between the years of 1958 and 1960 in accordance with 'definitive drawings* drawn up by the Army Corp of Engineers. At the time these buildings were considered to be highly functional, highly economical, and highly institutional. The U-shaped plan of these buildings was the norm for headquarters buildings of not only the United States Air Force but also for National Guard units. Analysis: The functions of these buildings are the same, being headquarters facilities. This means besides housing the group commander and his colleagues, this building must also function as the base administrations main operations. The colors of the interiors are all of gray, white, and green. The windows that once lined the walls are boarded up with painted gypsum board and insulation due to the energy crunch of the 1970's. The only windows available for any natural light or. natural ventilation are the small windows at the bottom. There is a long narrow hallway in the middle of each wing and offices that line both sides. Although these offices may allow for communication within, they lack privacy and deter from inter-department communication. There is no fenestration that allows for natural light or natural vent­ ilation to the hallway, making the hallway very poorly lit. Implications: The implications towards this project are that the building being used is identical to these three case studies in shape, design, materials and even colors. The environments that these buildings create are not the type of environ­ ments that are conducive to productivity in the work force. A complete departure from the institutionalism is desired, resulting in something that the military rarely does- create an environment that is people-oriented and enjoyable to work in. 4 Interviews INTERVIEWS In February of 1988 interviews were conducted at the Montana Air National Guard of personnel in supervisory positions as well as personnel in subordinate positions. The proposed project was explained to them and they were asked what they felt and what they would like in their offices and in the surrounding areas. Below is a list of who they are, what their positions are and their answers. Lt. Col. Gary Hindoien Deputy Commander for Support "I think that the whole building should be gutted out and a Steelcase system be installed. More conference rooms and briefing rooms." Maj. Brad Livingston Chief CBPO "I think a compromise between a open office and conventional would be nice. There needs to be some private offices for confidential matters." Maj. Dan Mortag Commander of Communications "I finally have my own office and now I have to move? Actually, some built in cabinets would be nice." CMSgt. Roger Larsen Personnel Resources Manager "More room and more privacy. Right now we have seventeen people working in an area planned for nine. We are a bit cramped." MSgt. Jack Carte Audio-Visual Superintendent "Stainless steel sinks and not being located next to the weight rooms. A better arrangement of Graphics area." MSgt. Russell Jacques Radio Superintendent "I would like only the areas that need to be secured be secured so all of us don't have to feel locked up. Built- in closets, bookshelves and cabinets would be great." MSgt. Tom Sutton Disaster Preparedness Superintendent "If everyone in Education and Training were located in at least the general vicinity of each other we could get a lot more done than having to run around to find each other. Is there a regulation somewhere that says everything has to be green? It's such a morbid color. A bigger testing room." Raylene Sutton Switchboard Operator "There are never enough outlets to accommodate all the equipment. I really hate these fluorescent lights because they make everything look dull and they really wear on the eyes." TSgt. Larry Barghultz Recru iter would really help. Also front door so we are easy "A ni cer view of the planes, th we will still need to be near th to find for potential recruits If • TSgt. Joe Zigan Reproduction Specialist "A bigger area, but we still need to do the distribution so probably in the same room." SSgt. Traci Keller Customer Service "Nicer desks and a bigger area. We are way to cramped." SSgt. Melodee McCluskey Administration Specialist "Some built-in cabinets is a must so we can get rid of these ugly wall lockers." SrA. Debbie Gallagher Distribution Specialist "A better way of keeping organized in the distribution area. We need a room for storing office supplies." Although all of the interviews did not relate to the proposed project in terms of design, there were some valid suggestions that are quoted above. The main suggestions received from these interviews are that most of the personnel would like more room with built-in storage and be in a closer proximity to the departments that they work with. None of them mentioned that they felt that the military had accommodated the need of their particular offices this far. Interior Space Analysis THE OPEN OFFICE PLAN The open office plan, otherwise known as the landscaped office, was designed by a management consulting group - the Quickborner Team. The Quickborner Team felt that the office layout should reflect the work process.® The landscaped office can be very efficient and can improve inter-office communication if planned correctly. Therefore, most corporations today are using the open plan system. Before using this plan, however, an office should determine how much visible and acoustical privacy is needed and how the spaces will affect the workers. To be a productive worker, each employee must have a work area large enough to accommodate the paperwork, equipment and other paraphernalia needed to do the job. The work station should adjust to individual work styles and varying dimensions.* The color and design should support the work effort. As with any system there are advantages and disadvantages. Some of the main advantages are that the open plan allows for more natural light and natural ventilation. The open plan is also highly flexible and inexpensive to add on to when expansion occurs. Some of the main disadvantages are that privacy is reduced and it is more difficult to direct visitors or other personnel than it is with a conventional plan. 8. Judy Graf Klein, The Office Book (New York: Facts on File, Inc., 1982), p. 7. 9. Karen Gustafson and Roger Yee, Corporate Design (New York: Interior Design Books, 1983), p. 130. Although the open plan is izations and not suitable for very appropriate in this situa like to integrate this system, best solution but it is one of available to aid in office des not suitable for all organ- all buildings, it seems to be tion, and the Air Force would It may not always be the the many space solving tools ign. SPATIAL REQUIREMENTS In the following section the spatial requirements of each section is identified. The name of the space, the amount of square footage, number of occupants and the hard and soft requirements of each space are recognized so that the design of each space will correlate with the needs of each space. In the proposed facility there are twenty-four spaces that have specific needs and all need to be accommodated. I. RECEPTION / SECURITY SQUARE FEET: 300 # OF OCCUPANTS: 5-10 SOFT REQUIREMENTS: -Open -Elegant -Welcoming -Unique HARD REQUIREMENTS: -Accommodations for a receptionist / security guard -Connecting with the trophy area -Unique design ideas implemented and visual access to these ideas. -Sofas -Chai rs -Tables -A view outside -A way of disguising a security guard if there is one present 2. TROPHY AND AWARDS AREA SQUARE FEET: 200 # OF OCCUPANTS: 5-10 SOFT REQUIREMENTS: -Feeling of Admiration -Welcoming -Prestigious -Awe HARD REQUIREMENTS: -Trophy case -Wall for hanging plaques -Display areas -Gallery appearance -A view to outside -A way to protect awards from sunlight ADJACENCIES: -Connecting with the reception/entry area 3. CONSOLIDATED BASE PERSONNEL OFFICE (C.B.P.O.) SQUARE FEET: 800 # OF OCCUPANTS: 10-20 SOFT REQUIREMENTS: -Productive -Inviting -Open -Organized -Contemporary HARD REQUIREMENTS: -Chief of C.B.P.O. private office -Supervisor of C.B.P.O office -Includes 300 S.F for Customer Service -Mini reception area -Open office systems including: desk chairs files partitions -Design promoting office communication -Computer setups -Lateral file system -Typewriters -An outdoors view 4. QUALITY FORCE SQUARE FEET: 600 # OF OCCUPANTS: 10 SOFT REQUIREMENTS: -Organized -Productive -Open -Contemporary -Welcoming HARD REQUIREMENTS: -Mini reception area -Open office systems including: desks chairs files par titions -Computer Setups -Design to promote inter-office communication -Lateral file systems ADJACENCIES: -In general area of C.B.P.O 5. EDUCATING AND TRAINING SQUARE FEET: 800 # OF OCCUPANTS: 10-20 SOFT REQUIREMENTS: -Organized -Open -Exciting -Contemporary -Conducive to learning HARD REQUIREMENTS: -Mini reception area -Open office systems including: desks chai rs files partitions -Computer Setups -Design to promote inter-office communication -Lateral file systems ADJACENCIES: -Near testing room 6. CLASSROOM SQUARE FEET: 600 # OF OCCUPANTS: 25 SOFT REQUIREMENTS: -Bright -Open -Conducive to learning -Contemporary HARD REQUIREMENTS: -Desks -Chairs -Chalk boards -Storage ADJACENCIES: -Near Education and Training office 7. BASE CAREER ADVISOR SQUARE FEET: 250 # OF OCCUPANTS: 3 SOFT REQUIREMENTS: -Bright -Open -Welcoming -Contempor ary -Organized HARD REQUIREMENTS: -Desk -Chai rs -Bookshelves -Lateral files -Computer setups ADJACENCIES: -Near Education and Training office 8. RECRUITERS SQUARE FEET: 600 # OF OCCUPANTS: 6-8 SOFT REQUIREMENTS: -Welcoming -Warm -Open -Contemporary -Bright HARD REQUIREMENTS: -Mini reception area -Open office systems including: desks chair s files partitions -Computer Setups -Design to promote inter-office communication -Lateral file systems -View of flight line ADJACENCIES: -Near the entry * 9. DISTRIBUTION / ORDERS SQUARE FEET: 400 # OF OCCUPANTS: 6-8 SOFT REQUIREMENTS: -Organized -Bright -Open -Welcome HARD REQUIREMENTS: -Distribution boxes (labeled) -Storage for office supplies for building -Desk -Chairs -Typewriters -Computer Setups -Lateral files -Reproduction machines ADJACENCIES: -Near entrance of building -Near center of activities ORDERLY ROOM SQUARE FEET: 400 # OF OCCUPANTS: 10 SOFT REQUIREMENTS: -Open >. -Bright -Contemporary -Welcoming -Exc iting HARD REQUIREMENTS: -Mini reception area -Open office systems including: desks chairs files partitions -Computer Setups -Design to promote inter-office communication -Lateral file systems -Typewri ters -Built-in Storage ADJACENCIES: -Near Deputy Commander of Support office -Near C.B.P.O. CONFERENCE ROOM SQUARE FEET: 400 # OF OCCUPANTS: 15-20 SOFT REQUIREMENTS: -Executive -Important -Open -Bright -Private HARD REQUIREMENTS: -Table -Chairs -Podium -Screens -Storage -Wet Bar -Multi-purpose use ADJACENCIES: -Near Commanders off 12. BASE ADMINISTRATION SQUARE FEET: 550 # OF OCCUPANTS: 10 SOFT REQUIREMENTS: -Organized -Open -Bright -Inviting -Contemporary HARD REQUIREMENTS: -Mini reception area -Open office systems including: desks chairs files partitions -Computer Setups -Design to promote inter-office communication -Lateral file systems -Typewri ters -Built-in Storage 13. COMMANDER 1S OFFICE SQUARE FEET: 1000 # OF OCCUPANTS: 5-8 SOFT REQUIREMENTS: -Executive -Important -Open -Spacious -Contemporary HARD REQUIREMENTS: -Reception area, including: desk chairs sofa tables computer setup lateral files -Private office, including: executive desk executive chairs computer setup -Private toilet facilities, including: toilet shower dressing area closet -Conference room, including: table executive chairs podium sound proof walls screens -A view of flight line ADJACENCIES: -Near security 14. DEPUTY COMMANDER FOR SUPPORT SQUARE FEET: 500 # OF OCCUPANTS: 5-7 SOFT REQUIREMENTS: -Important -Executive -Open -Bold -Contemporary HARD REQUIREMENTS: -Mini reception area, including: desk chairs sofa computer setup -Private office, including: executive desk executive chairs conference table computer setup lateral files ADJACENCIES: -Near orderly room -Near center of activities . STORAGE ROOMS SQUARE FEET: 4 @ 250 SOFT REQUIREMENTS: -Clean -Well lit -Organised HARD REQUIREMENTS: -Shelves -Cabinets -Two on first floor -Two on second floor TOILET ROOMS SQUARE FEET: 50 # OF OCCUPANTS: 3-5 SOFT REQUIREMENTS: -Private -Clean -Organized -Bright -Airy HARD REQUIREMENTS: -Toilets -Urinals (men only) -Sinks -Handicap accessible -For use by public 17. JANITORIAL CLOSET SQUARE FEET: 100 SOFT REQUIREMENTS: -Clean -Organized -Well lit HARD REQUIREMENTS: -Utility sink -Shelves -Cabinets -Mechanical vent area ADJACENCIES: -Away from front entry -In same wing as personnel areas 18. PERSONNEL LOUNGE SQUARE FEET: 1000 # OF OCCUPANTS: 50 SOFT REQUIREMENTS: -Inviting -Exc iting -Organized -Clean HARD REQUIREMENTS: -Tables -Chai rs -Vending machines -Refrigerator -Microwave -Coffee maker -Sink -Storage -A place for visitors also ADJACENCIES: -Away from entry PERSONNEL TOILET ROOMS SQUARE FEET: 200 each # OF OCCUPANTS: 5-7 SOFT REQUIREMENTS: -Clean -Organi zed -Bright -Airy -Private HARD REQUIREMENTS: -Toilets -Sinks -Urinals -Dressing -Lockers -Showers -Saunas -Handicap ADJACENCIES: -Away fro -Near per (men) areas accessible m front entry sonnel lounge COMMUNICATION CENTER SQUARE FEET: 3500 # OF OCCUPANTS: 25 SOFT REQUIREMENTS: -Professional -Organi zed -Secure -Contemporary HARD REQUIREMENTS: -Switchboard area, including: switchboard desk chairs computer setup typewriters lateral files office supplies storage -Commanders office, including: desk chairs computer setup lateral files -AFFC Advisors office, includi desk chairs computer setup lateral files -Safety Vault, including: desks chair s computer terminals classified equipment security locks and safes ADJACENCIES: -Close to security guards -Second floor AUDIO-VISUAL SQUARE FEET: 3500 # OF OCCUPANTS: 30 SOFT REQUIREMENTS: -Clean -Organized -Professional -Bright -Airy HARD REQUIREMENTS: -Mini reception area -AV Supervisors office, including desk chairs computer setup lateral files -AV equipment checkout, including storage desk chairs lateral files computer setup -AV studio, including: Taping room with equipment Editing room with equipment -AV graphics studio, including: drawing tables, storage for graphics materials computer graphics setup reproducing machines -Photo lab, including: dark rooms with equipment print room with equipment mounting area with equipment portrait studio ADJACENCIES: -Near Comm center 22. DATA OPERATIONS SQUARE FEET: 2500 # OF OCCUPANTS: 25 SOFT REQUIREMENTS: -Professional -Organized -Well lit -Bright -Airy HARD REQUIREMENTS: -Desks -Computer setups for 20+ computers -12" sub floor for air-conditioning and wires -Security equipment -Maintenance area, including work benches storage ADJACENCIES: -Near Comm center 23. RADIO OPERATIONS SQUARE FEET: 3500 # OF OCCUPANTS: 25 SOFT REQUIREMENTS: -Organized -Clean -Bright -Well lit HARD REQUIREMENTS: -Supervisor's office, including: desk chairs built-in storage lateral files computer setup -Maintenance area, including: work benches storage ADJACENCIES: -Near Comm center -Second floor offices with garage on first 24. EXTERIOR COURTYARD SQUARE FOOTAGE: 11,340 # OF OCCUPANTS: 25-50 SOFT REQUIREMENTS: -Exciting -Relaxing -Warm -Inviting HARD REQUIREMENTS: -Landscaping -Tables -Chai rs -Benches OVERALL SQUARE FOOTAGE ANALYSIS 1. RECEPTION / SECURITY ENTRANCE 300 2. TROPHY AND AWARDS AREA 200 3. C.B.P.O. 800 4. QUALITY FORCE 600 5. EDUCATING AND TRAINING 800 6. CLASSROOM 600 7. BASE CAREER ADVISOR 250 8. RECRUITERS 600 9. DISTRIBUTION / ORDERS 400 10. ORDERLY ROOM 400 11. CONFERENCE ROOM 400 12. BASE ADMINISTRATION 550 13. COMMANDER'S OFFICE 1,000 14. DEPUTY COMMANDER FOR SUPPORT 500 15. STORAGE ROOMS 1,000 16. TOILET ROOMS 100 17. JANITORIAL CLOSET 100 18. PERSONNEL LOUNGE 1,000 19. PERSONNEL TOILET ROOMS 400 20. COMMUNICATION CENTER 3,500 21. AUDIO-VISUAL 3,500 22. DATA OPERATIONS 2,500 23. RADIO OPERATIONS 3,500 TOTAL 22,100 CIRCULATION (15%) 3,315 VERTICAL CIRCULATION (10%) 2, 210 TOTAL SQUARE FOOTAGE 2 7,615 AVAILABLE SQUARE FOOTAGE 3 5,700 EXTRA SQUARE FOOTAGE 8,08 5 24. EXTERIOR COURTYARD 11,340 (not included in square footage) Government ¥ Regulations GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS There are numerous government regulations that pertain to the design and construction of a military building. However, the regulations that pertain to this particular project have been specifically included. (The majority of the regulations pertain to a building being built for the first time on a new site rather than to a facility that is already existing.) Regulations have been paraphrased for clarity. AFM 88-15(C6) 1-10. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS Air Force policy requires an economical selection of materials based upon construction and maintenance costs. Functional requirements, fire safety, expected tenure of use, energy conservation, and suitable appearance must also be considered before selecting a material. Both structural and finish materials will be consistent with simple functional design, and will be appropriate for local climatic conditions. Local (native) materials should be used when suitable and practicable. 1-16. DESIGN EXCELLENCE Excellence in design is a prime goal for all projects. This requires a commitment by designers and managers to achieve high design standards. a. Proper recognition must be given to economy of construction. b. New facilities must be design to complement and blend with the architectural character of existing facilities. c. A prime requirement is to create attractive interiors and exteriors using contemporary architectural treatment. 1-17. ARCHITECTURAL, STRUCTURAL, MECHANICAL, AND ELECTRICAL DESIGN. The functional, structural, mechanical, components of each structure must be coordi an end product which meets the operational the structure as a whole. 1-30. ADMINISTRATIVE FACILITY DESIGN The "Open Space" concept must be used to the maximum extent possible for planning, designing, and rehabilitating all administrative facilities. Floor plans must be developed on all "office landscape" arrangements. 1-32. COLOR AND FINISHES Special attention must be given to the selection of colors and finishes for all facilities in order to create a people-oriented environment. 1-33. COMPLIANCE WITH THE LOCAL BUILDING CODE. Local building codes must be complied with to the maximum practical extent for military buildings located within an urban area under jurisdiction of an established code. Where requirements of local codes would lower Air Force design and construction standards, Air Force Standards must be used. 3-1. NEED FOR ECONOMY The primary objectives in military construction are low construction costs and low long-range maintenance costs in developing an economical design consistent with the antici­ pated duration of the military facility. and electrical nated to achieve requirements of 24-35. BASIC ITEM 171-445, RESERVE FORCES OPERATIONAL TRAINING Space will be provided for operations, base personnel office, accounting, chaplain, Staff Judge Advocate, command, reproduction, library, conference (training) area, full-time ARTS and civilians, administration and support, and locker rooms. Additional requirements will be programmed only if it has been established that comparable active force facilities are not available or do not exist at the installation in question. 4 u. B.C. UNIFORM BUILDING CODES (U.B.C.) HANDICAPPED REGULATIONS Where toilet facilities are provided on any floor needing access by the physically handicapped, at least one such facility for each sex shall be provided. All doorways leading to handicapped accessible toilet rooms shall have a clear and unobstructed width of not less than 32 inches. Each such toilet room shall have the following: 1. A clear space of not less than 44 inches on each side of doors providing access to the toilet rooms. 2. A clear space within the toilet room of sufficient size to inscribe a circle with a diameter not less than 60 inches. Doors in any position may encroach into this space by not more than 12 inches. 3. A clear space not less than 42 inches wide and 48 inches long in front of at least one water closet stool for the use of the handicapped. 4. Grab bars near each side or one side and the back of the toilet stool securely attached 33 inches to 36 inches above and parallel to the floor. Grab bars at the side shall be 42 inches long with the front end positioned 24 inches in front of the water closet stool. Grab bars shall have an outside diameter of not less than 1 1/4 inch nor more than 1 1/2 inches and shall provide a clearance of 1 1/2 inches between the grab bar and adjacent surface. (Fig. 2) Where lavatories are provided, a clear unobstructed space 30 inches in width, 29 inches in height, and 17 inches in depth shall be provided under at least one lavatory. (Fig. 3) Mirror Lavatory-^ Fig. 3 Where water fountains are provided, at least one shall have a spout within 33 inches of the floor and shall have up­ front, hand-operated controls. (Fig. 4) Fig. 4 Where public telephones are provided, at least one shall be installed so that the handset, dial and coin receiver are within 54 inches of the floor. Unobstructed access within 12 inches of the telephone shall be provided. Such access shall be not less than 30 inches in width. (Fig. 5) 30° Opt , Viewing Angle Mall-Mounted Telephone Fig. 5 At least one primary entrance to the building which is required to be accessible shall be usable by the physically handicapped and be on a level that would provide access­ ibility to the elevators where provided. Every required exit doorway shall be of a size as to permit the installation of a door not less than 3 feet in width and not less than 6 feet 8 inches in height. When installed, exit doors shall be capable of opening so that the clear width of the exit is not less than 32 inches. The width of ramps shall be no less than 44 inches wide. The slope shall be not steeper than 1 vertical to 12 horizontal. Ramps having slopes steeper than 1 vertical to 15 horizontal shall have landings at the top and bottom, and at least one intermediate landing shall be provided for each 5 feet of rise. Doors in any position shall not reduce the minimum dimension of the landing to less than 42 inches and shall not reduce the required width by more than 3 1/2 inches when fully open. Ramps having slopes steeper than 1 vertical to 15 horizontal shall have handrails as required for stairways. The surface of ramps shall be roughened or shall be of slip-resistant materials. (Fig. 6) 30 ft (9 m) Maximum Door Una ot Wall or OtMlruction Maximum Stoca 1:12 Pralarrad Stop* t 16 Fig. 6 Diagrammatic Solutions DIAGRAMMATIC SOLUTIONS The purpose of these diagrams is to define the spaces and also show the interactions between each space. These diagrams will also try to establish the moods or feelings of each space. The diagrams are divided into six steps, each step having its own description. Some of the main goals strived for are as follow: *An open office system will be used in almost all office areas, therefore there will be interaction between all offices which translates to constituting no walls or doors between these areas *A11 areas will require natural sunlight and natural ventilation *A single loaded circulation path will be strived for INTERSPATIAL MATRIX Show adjacency relationships between spaces 1. RECEPTION / SECURITY ENTRANCE " 2. TROPHY AND AWARDS AREA 3. C.BJ».0. 4. QUALITY FORCE 5. EDUCATION AND TRAINING 6. CLASSROOM 7. BASE CAREER ADVISOR 8. RECRUITERS 9. DISTRIBUTION / ORDERS 10. ORDERLY ROOM 11. CONFERENCE ROOM 12. BASE ADMINISTRATION 13. COMMANDER'S OFFICE 14. DEPUTY COMMANDER FOR SUPPORT J 15. STORAGE ROOMS 16. TOILET ROOMS 17. JANITORIAL CLOSET 18. PERSONNEL LOUNGE 19. PERSONNEL TOILET ROOMS 20. COMMUNICATION 21. AUDIO-VISUAL 22. DATA OPERATIONS 23. RADIO OPERATIONS ; • ESSENTIAL • DESIRABLE • NON-DESIRABLE STEP ONE: Identify each activity with a bubble. link interaction between activity spaces irith a color according to importance. ESSENTIAL DESIRABLE NON-DESIRABLE STEP TWO: Prioritize and organize to make interaction between each space easier. ESSENTIAL DESIRABLE NON-DESIRABLE STEP THREE: Maximize bubble diagram by using free—form diagram ESSENTIAL DESIRABLE STEP FOUR: Redraw step three with bubble sizes proportional to the area of space, keeping distance from center to center equal if possible ESSENTIAL DESIRABLE 23 STEP FIVE: Layout same shape as building only larger. Fit bubbles inside, rearranging if necessary, but keeping interactions together. 13 FIRST FLOOR 10 STEP SIX: Establish mood or feeling of space Open, airy, well—lit, prominent, spacious Professional, functional, organized, welcoming Executive, important, open, spacious, bold Functional, clean, organized, well—lit Relaxing, fun, inviting, bold STEP SIX: Establish a mood or feeling to the space. FIRST FLOOR szsTYtr: P STEP SIX: Establish a mood or feeling SECOND FLOOR to the space. 4 Bibliography BIBLIOGRAPHY Bechtel, Robert B.; Marans, Robert W.; Michelson, William. Methods in Environmental and Behavioral Research. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1987. Bell, Paul A.; Fisher, Jeffrey D.; Loomis, Ross J. Environmental Psychology. Philadelphia: W.P. Saunders Company, 1978. Canter, David. The Psychology of Place. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1977. Casey, Tim. "Image Through Form - A Corporate Head­ quarters". Undergraduate Thesis, Montana State University, June 1985. Gustafson, Karen; Yee, Roger. Corporate Design. New York: Interior Design Books, 1983. Heimstra, Norman W.; McFarling, Leslie H. Environmental Design. California: Wadsworth Publishing Co. Inc, 1974 . Huntington, Samuel D. The Soldier and the State. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1957. International Conference of Building Officials. Uniform Building Code. California: International Conference of Building Officials, 1985. Ittelson, William H.; Rivlin, Leanne G.; Proshansky, Harold M.; Winkel, Gary H. An Introduction to Environmental Psychology. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., 1974. Klein, Judy Graf. The Office Book. New York: Facts on File, Inc., 198 2. Mahnke, Frank H.; Mahnke, Rudolf H. Color and Light in Man- made Environments. New York: Van Norstrand Reinhold Company, 1987. Mehrabian, Albert. Public Places and Private Spaces. New York: Basic Books, Inc., 1976. Montana Air National Guard. The 40th Anniversary Year Book. Printed by Government Printing Agency, 1986. Pile, John. Open Office Planning. New York: Witney Library of Design, 1978. Sharpe, Deborah T. The Psychology of Color and Design. Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1974. Sommer, Robert. Design Awareness. San Francisco: Rinehart Press, 1972. Sommer, Robert. Personal Space: The Behavioral Basis of Design. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc., 1969. PUBLICATIONS Gale Research. Climate of the States. Vol.1, third ed. Gale Research Co., 1985. Tetlow, Karin. "Merrill Lynch World Headquarters". Interiors, March 1988, pp. 170-186. Truppin, Andrea. "Human Nature". Interiors, November 1986, pp.129-168. United States Department of the Air Force. Air Force Regulations of Construction. 1984. I " M it MONT/ NA STATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES 3 17 62 10060476 6 The End