# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.name
Pre-service teacher efficacy development within clinically based practice : examining the structures and strategies in the collaborative cohort

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.contributor.advisor[].value
Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Nick Lux

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.description.abstract[].value
Research indicates that teachers benefit from education coursework in their preparation that provides opportunities to develop and practice pedagogical understandings (Darling-Hammond, 2000, 2006). Research also indicates that opportunities to enact learning from coursework are beneficial in teacher efficacy development within teacher preparation (Tschannen-Moran, 2007). Therefore, teacher education programs need to examine their structures and practices in an effort to provide the opportunities to enact their coursework to develop teachers' pedagogical understandings and teacher efficacy. What needs to be better understood are the actual structures and strategies within the communities of practice that provide and encourage opportunities for growth of teacher efficacy for pre-service teachers. A case study methodology was used to explore the structures and strategies that pre-service teachers identified as contributing to the development of teacher efficacy within the collaborative cohort during the fall 2015 semester in a teacher education preparation program located in the Rocky Mountain West. The findings suggest that (a) school communities matter as a context for preservice teacher efficacy development, (b) purposeful, aligned, situated learning experiences which bridge course and field work contribute to efficacy development, and (c) a mindset of continual professional growth within practice develops confidence.

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Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Education, Health & Human Development

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.rights.holder[].value
Copyright 2016 by Kathryn Deeanne Will-Dubyak

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
Pre-service teacher efficacy development within clinically based practice : examining the structures and strategies in the collaborative cohort

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.thesis.degree.committeemembers[].value
Members, Graduate Committee: Tena Versland; Lynn Kelting-Gibson; David Henderson.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.name
The Quaternary history of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet fringe : Ashley Lake area, Montana

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.contributor.advisor[].value
Chairperson, Graduate Committee:  William Locke

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.description.abstract[].value
The Quaternary glacial history of the Ashley Lake area, approximately 20 km west of Kalispell, MT, was deciphered using classic techniques of glacial geology. Unlike the Laurentide Ice Sheet, the multiple advances of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet have not been well defined. Ashley Lake nestles within the central Salish Mountains, an area interpreted by some previous workers (e.g., Alden, 1953; Richmond, 1986; cf. Waitt and Thorson, 1983) as surrounded by, but not covered by the fringes of the lastglacial Cordilleran Ice Sheet. This study attempts to establish a foundation for the Quaternary history in this region for the Cordilleran Ice Sheet.Specific interests were to define the spatial and temporal attributes of the prelastglacial maximum, lastglacial maximum, and lastglacial recession. The techniques employed include:  1) mapping of glacial features to reconstruct glacial margins and iceflow directions; 2) mapping of the distribution of erratic boulders to determine ice sheet maxima; 3) radiocarbon dating; 4) tephrochronology to numerically date deposits; and 5) measurement of weathering rinds to determine the relative age of deposits. Abundant glacial landforms combined with erratics allowed a reconstruction of ice margins. Moraines, direct overflow channels, lateral meltwater channels, kames and glacial depressions are among the most important landforms mapped. Radiocarbon and weathering rind dating proved to be very limited in their usefulness. No reliably dateable, closely limiting carbon samples were found. Weathering rinds were too thin and inconsistent to provide for meaningful relative dating. Tephras known to exist in the region were found in ice marginal bogs and provided a minimum date for deglaciation. The spatial retreat of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet here was determined and it was found that local topography greatly affected the lastglacial recession and therefore the lastglacial advance. The lastglacial maximum inundated the entire Ashley Lake area and its tributaries. The pre-lastglacial maximum was even more extensive and covered everything in the area except the highest ridges. The information gathered in this field investigation can now be applied to our knowledge of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet to finetune its spatial attributes.

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Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Letters & Science

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
The Quaternary history of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet fringe : Ashley Lake area, Montana

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.thesis.degree.committeemembers[].value
Members, Graduate Committee:  Kenneth L. Pierce; John Montagne

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.name
Parametric study of heat diffusion in vibrothermography using analytical and numerical methods

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.contributor.advisor[].value
Chairperson, Graduate Committee:  Ahsan Mian

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.description.abstract[].value
The development of precise and accurate non-destructive examination (NDE) techniques is an essential element in preventing failures and increasing reliability in engineering materials. In particular, few present day composite material NDE techniques give the desired precision and cost-effectiveness required for many high-reliability applications such as on airplane wings or wind turbine blades. This study contributes to the development of a NDE technique known as vibrothermography. Vibrothermography is performed by measuring frictional heating of internal flaws that occur as a result of inducing specimen vibrations via an ultrasonic transducer. This frictional heat conducts itself to the surface, where it can be detected by an infared camera. Vibrothermography is a potential cost-effective alternative to detecting a wide variety of flaws in composite materials. This study models the heat generation that occurs during a vibrothermography test; and it simulates the manner at which this heat would conduct to the specimen's surface. Once the models were developed, they were used to simulate the influence of the following potential test parameters:  specimen thickness, flaw generation amount, flaw size, flaw depth, and flaw orientation. The results provide an initial insight of which of these parameters could most greatly influence a vibrothermography test, and which ones may or may not be able to be detectable from a vibrothermograhy test. Lastly, in conjunction with Kyle Spaulding, an initial thermal-mechanical combined analysis was developed that includes specimen vibration, heat generation, and heat conduction to create a start to finish vibrothermography simulation. This model is soon to be compared with experimental data. If the model results match experimental data, then the models will be implemented as a useful tool in determining the overall feasibility, accuracy, reliability, and optimal test procedures for vibrothermography.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.publisher[].value
Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Engineering

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.rights.holder[].value
Copyright 2012 by Anthony James Trundnowski

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
Parametric study of heat diffusion in vibrothermography using analytical and numerical methods

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.thesis.degree.committeemembers[].value
Members, Graduate Committee:  David A. Miller; M. Ruhul Amin

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.name
The effectiveness of trade adjustment assistance : a case study

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.publisher[].value
Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.rights.holder[].value
Copyright 1976 by Diane Pauline Carlson Miller

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
The effectiveness of trade adjustment assistance : a case study

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.name
Mathematical models for inorganic processes found in a zinc plant

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.publisher[].value
Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Engineering

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
Mathematical models for inorganic processes found in a zinc plant

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.name
Coding Code: Qualitative Methods for Investigating Data Science Skills

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Despite the elevated importance of Data Science in Statistics, there exists limited research investigating how students learn the computing concepts and skills necessary for carrying out data science tasks. Computer Science educators have investigated how students debug their own code and how students reason through foreign code. While these studies illuminate different aspects of students’ programming behavior or conceptual understanding, a method has yet to be employed that can shed light on students’ learning processes. This type of inquiry necessitates qualitative methods, which allow for a holistic description of the skills a student uses throughout the computing code they produce, the organization of these descriptions into themes, and a comparison of the emergent themes across students or across time. In this article we share how to conceptualize and carry out the qualitative coding process with students’ computing code. Drawing on the Block Model to frame our analysis, we explore two types of research questions which could be posed about students’ learning. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.identifier.citation[].value
Allison S. Theobold, Megan H. Wickstrom & Stacey A. Hancock (2023) Coding Code: Qualitative Methods for Investigating Data Science Skills, Journal of Statistics and Data Science Education, DOI: 10.1080/26939169.2023.2277847

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
Coding Code: Qualitative Methods for Investigating Data Science Skills

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.mus.citation.journaltitle[].value
Journal of Statistics and Data Science Education

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.name
Molecular and functional characterization of neutrophils from calves with bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency : comparison of normal, heterozygous, and homozygous animals

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.publisher[].value
Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.rights.holder[].value
Copyright 1999 by Karen May Lambrecht Sipes

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
Molecular and functional characterization of neutrophils from calves with bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency : comparison of normal, heterozygous, and homozygous animals

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.name
Ideas, images, games : an inquiry into the process of the subconscious

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.contributor.advisor[].value
Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Shee Kong

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
Ideas, images, games : an inquiry into the process of the subconscious

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.contributor.advisor[].value
Chairperson, Graduate Committee:  Binhai Zhu

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.description.abstract[].value
We study two geometric optimization problems motivated by cartographic applications:  Map Labeling with Uniform Circles (MLUC) and Map Labeling with Uniform Circle Pairs (MLUCP). We show that the decision problems of both MLUC and MLUCP are NP-hard, and that the related optimization problems for maximizing the label sizes are NP-hard to approximate within factor 1.0349. We design approximation algorithms with constant performance guarantees for the two problems:  for MLUC, we present a (3 + o)-approximation and a (2.98 + o)-approximation; for MLUCP, a (1.5+o)-approximation and a (1.491+o)-approximation. We also describe the implementation of AMLUC, a software system for automated map labeling with uniform circles. The system is based on our approximation algorithms for MLUC and uses an effective shake-and-grow heuristic to find near-optimal label placements.

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Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Engineering

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.thesis.degree.committeemembers[].value
Members, Graduate Committee:  Brendan Mumey; Rockford Ross; Denbigh Starkey

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.name
Weed and crop discrimination with hyperspectral imaging and machine learning

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.contributor.advisor[].value
Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Joseph A. Shaw

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.description.abstract[].value
Herbicide-resistant weed biotypes are spreading across crop fields nationally and internationally and mapping them with traditional crop science methods - cloning plants and testing their resistance levels in a lab - are costly and time consuming. A segment of the field of precision agriculture is being developed to accurately and quickly map the location of herbicide-resistant and herbicide-susceptible weeds using advanced optics and computer algorithms. In our study, we collected hundreds of thousands of spectra of herbicide-resistant and herbicide-susceptible biotypes of the weeds kochia, mare's tail and lamb's quarter and of crops including barley, corn, dry pea, garbanzo, lentils, pinto bean, safflower, sugar beet at the Southern Agricultural Research Center in Huntley, Montana using a hyperspectral imager. Plants were imaged in a controlled greenhouse setting as well as in crop fields using ground-based and drone-based imaging platforms. The spectra were differentiated from one another using a feedforward neural network machine learning algorithm. Classification accuracies depended on what plants were imaged, the age of the plants and lighting conditions of the experiment. They ranged from 77% to 99% for spectra acquired on our ground-based imaging platform and from 25% to 79% on our drone- based platform.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.publisher[].value
Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Engineering

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
Weed and crop discrimination with hyperspectral imaging and machine learning

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.thesis.degree.committeemembers[].value
Members, Graduate Committee: John Sheppard; Kevin S. Repasky.

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Standards-based single-point rubrics in advanced placement environmental science

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.contributor.advisor[].value
Chairperson, Graduate Committee: C. John Graves

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.description.abstract[].value
Rubrics that link specific standards to assessment items offer educators a way to communicate with students about understandings and abilities and how to improve them. Single-point rubrics list a single, target performance expectation and leave open spaces for targeted feedback to encourage growth and creativity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of standards-based single-point rubric use on learning attitudes and student perception of meaning from grades among students in Advanced Placement Environmental Science classes. Before the intervention, surveys were administered to two sections of Advanced Placement Environmental Science classes to gather information about students' initial learning attitudes and perceptions of grades. For two units of study, standards-based single-point rubrics were implemented for feedback and assessment of student learning. During these units, rubric scores and student re-assessment attempts were recorded as evidence of student motivation. Traditional, percentage grades were calculated from standards-based single-point rubric scores for the units of study during intervention. After the two units of study, student learning attitudes and grades surveys were administered again, along with student interviews to determine if students' views about learning and grades had changed. Student learning attitudes and perceptions of grades generally agreed with 'expert' responses leading into the intervention. Quantitative and qualitative data suggested overall notable gains in students' problem-solving strategies learning attitudes and in students' perceptions of grade validity.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.publisher[].value
Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Letters & Science

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
Standards-based single-point rubrics in advanced placement environmental science

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.thesis.degree.committeemembers[].value
Members, Graduate Committee: Jessica Anderson; Lisa Brown

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.name
Predictions of reconnected flux, energy and helicity in eruptive solar flares

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Chairperson, Graduate Committee:  Jiong Qiu; Richard Canfield (co-chair)

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Richard C. Canfield, Dana W. Longcope, Jiong Qiu, Angela DesJardins, and Richard W. Nightingale were co-authors of the article, 'Sunspot rotation, flare energetics and flux rope helicity: the eruptive flare on 2005 May 13' in the journal 'The astrophysical journal' which is contained within this thesis.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.contributor.other[].value
Richard C. Canfield, Dana W. Longcope, and Jiong Qiu were co-authors of the article, 'Sunspot rotation, flare energetics and flux rope helicity: the eruptive flare on 2003 October 28' in the journal 'The astrophysical journal' which is contained within this thesis.

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Richard C. Canfield, Dana W. Longcope, and Jiong Qiu were co-authors of the article, 'Predictions of energy and helicity in four major eruptive solar flares' in the journal 'Solar Physics' which is contained within this thesis.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.description.abstract[].value
In order to better understand the solar genesis of interplanetary magnetic clouds, I model the magnetic and topological properties of several large eruptive solar flares and relate them to observations. My main hypothesis is that the flux ropes ejected during eruptive solar flares are the result of a sequence of magnetic reconnections. To test this hypothesis, I use the three-dimensional Minimum Current Corona model of flare energy storage (Longcope, 1996) together with pre-flare photospheric magnetic field and flare ribbon observations to predict the basic flare properties:  reconnected magnetic flux, free energy, and flux rope helicity. Initially, the MCC model was able to quantify the properties of the flares that occur in active regions with only photospheric shearing motions. Since rotating motions may also play a key role in the flare energetics, I develop a method for including both shearing and rotating motions into the MCC model. I use this modified method to predict the model flare properties and then compare them to the observed quantities. Firstly, for two flares in active regions with fast rotating sunspots, I find that the relative importance of shearing and rotation to those flares depends critically on their location within the parent active region topology. Secondly, for four flares analyzed with the MCC model (three flares described here and one flare described in Longcope et al. (2007)), I find that the modeled flare properties agree with the observed properties within the uncertainties of the methods used. This agreement compels me to believe that the magnetic clouds associated with these four solar flares are formed by low-corona magnetic reconnection during the eruption as modeled by the MCC model, rather than eruption of pre-existing structures in the corona or formation in the upper corona with participation of the global magnetic field. I note that since all four flares occurred in active regions without significant pre-flare flux emergence and/or cancellation, the energy and helicity values I find are due primarily to shearing and rotating motions, which are sufficient to account for the observed flare energy and MC helicity.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.publisher[].value
Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Letters & Science

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.rights.holder[].value
Copyright 2010 by Maria Dmitriyevna Kazachenko

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
Predictions of reconnected flux, energy and helicity in eruptive solar flares

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.thesis.degree.committeemembers[].value
Members, Graduate Committee:  Dana W. Longcope; David McKenzie; Rufus Cone

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.name
The use of molecular orbital calculations and electrochemistry to predict the reduction pathways of organochlorine compounds

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.publisher[].value
Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Letters & Science

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.rights.holder[].value
Copyright 1974 by Frederick Arthur Beland

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
The use of molecular orbital calculations and electrochemistry to predict the reduction pathways of organochlorine compounds

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.name
Informing the construction of narrative-based risk communication

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.description.abstract[].value
The current communication of flood risk by government agencies and the scientific community to the citizens living in the floodplain is ineffective. Using the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF), this communication can be enhanced through the use of Hero, Victim, and Victim to Hero character-based narratives. This thesis describes the methods used to inform users of the NPF to construct and test narratives using computational methods. Four natural language processing tasks are described; topic modeling, sentiment analysis, classification, and term frequencies. It was found that using the difference of transformed relative term frequencies produced an adequate vocabulary for each style of narrative. The narratives constructed from these vocabularies were used in work that sought to formalize the narrative construction process and in focus group studies which found that narrative-based scientific messages increased affective response versus traditional scientific messaging.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.publisher[].value
Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Engineering

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
Informing the construction of narrative-based risk communication

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.thesis.degree.committeemembers[].value
Members, Graduate Committee: Indika Kahanda; Mike Wittie.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.name
Characterization of fulvic acid fractions of dissolved organic matter during ice-out in a hyper-eutrophic, coastal pond in Antarctica

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.description.abstract[].value
Dissolved humic material (HDOM) is ubiquitous to all natural waters and its source material influences its chemical structure, reactivity, and bioavailability. While terrestrially derived HDOM reference materials distributed by the International Humic Substances Society (IHSS) have been readily available to engineering and scientific communities, a microbially derived reference HDOM was not, despite the well-characterized differences in the chemistry and reactivity of HDOM derived from terrestrial versus microbial sources. To address this gap, we collected a microbial reference fulvic acid from Pony Lake (PLFA) for distribution through the IHSS. Pony Lake is a saline coastal pond on Ross Island, Antarctica, where the landscape is devoid of terrestrial plants. Sample collection occurred over a 17-day period in the summer season at Pony Lake. During this time, the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations increased nearly two-fold, and the fulvic acid fraction (collected using the XAD-8 method) accounted for 14.6% of the DOC. During the re-concentration and desalting procedures we isolated two other chemically distinct fulvic acid fractions: (1) PLFA-2, which was high in carbohydrates and (2) PLFA-CER, which was high in nitrogen. The chemical characteristics (elemental analysis, optical characterization with UVâ€“vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, and 13C NMR spectroscopy) of the three fulvic acid fractions helped to explain their behavior during isolation.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.identifier.citation[].value
Cawley KM, McKnight DM, Penney Miller P, Cory R, Fimmen RL, Guerard J, Dieser M, Jaros C, Chin Y-P, Foreman C, "Characterization of fulvic acid fractions of dissolved organic matter during ice-out in a hyper-eutrophic, coastal pond in Antarctica," Environmental Research Letters, 2013 8:4. 045015 (10pp).

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
Characterization of fulvic acid fractions of dissolved organic matter during ice-out in a hyper-eutrophic, coastal pond in Antarctica

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.name
The effects of science fairs on students' knowledge of scientific inquiry and interest in science

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.contributor.advisor[].value
Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Peggy Taylor.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.description.abstract[].value
The purpose of this capstone project was to determine if science fairs increase students' knowledge of scientific inquiry and build positive attitudes towards the study of science. This topic was chosen because students in the sixth through eighth grade participate in a school-sponsored science fair each year. Therefore the effectiveness of using science fairs as a method of teaching scientific inquiry and promoting interest in science was tested. Students were given a pre-test on scientific inquiry before the science fair and a post-test on scientific inquiry after the science fair. Then these test scores were compared. Students were also given surveys to complete before and after their participation in the science fair to determine if their attitudes changed towards the study of science. Samples of students from each grade were also interviewed before and after the science fair. Other sources of data were questionnaires completed by teachers at the school. These data were collected in a six-month time span. This capstone project determined that the science fair increased knowledge of scientific inquiry in students, but not for all students. Students' attitudes play a role in what they find relevant and want to learn. The science fair was successful in promoting more positive attitudes towards the study of science for students who visited the fair. Participants who showed a more positive attitude towards the study of science were only students who previously expressed interest in science before their participation in the science fair.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.publisher[].value
Montana State University - Bozeman, Graduate School

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
The effects of science fairs on students' knowledge of scientific inquiry and interest in science

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.thesis.degree.committeemembers[].value
Members, Graduate Committee: C. John Graves; Robyn Klein.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title.alternative[].value
Montana State fairgrounds and exhibition center.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.name
Understanding Chinese farmers' grain storage

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.contributor.advisor[].value
Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Vincent H. Smith; David E. Buschena (co-chair)

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.description.abstract[].value
China is the largest grain producer and consumer in the world. Since introducing its open-door policy in the 1980's, China has become an increasingly important grain importing country. However, China's wheat imports have varied considerably from year to year. One key issue affecting China's grain imports is its large on-farm grain reserves. This thesis is intended to examine factors significant for China's on-farm grain stocks and shed some additional light on its potential impacts on China's domestic grain markets and grain import activities. The key finding is that Chinese farmers' grain supply is primarily from self-production. The Chinese government decrees that farmers be not eligible to purchase grain from government food agencies that control 70 to 80 percent of the total marketed surplus of grain in China. This policy plus the underdeveloped domestic grain and credit markets leads Chinese farmers to store a considerable amount of grain for consumption. The food- and income-security concern of Chinese farmers is found to be another important factor in Chinese farmers' grain storage decisions. The highly variable weather, a still developing infrastructure, and frequent changes in government grain policies all increase the risk faced by Chinese farmers, thus increase their food- and income-security concerns. This thesis finds that the increasing number of farm family members working off-farm can help reduce the quantity of on-farm grain storage because of the potential remittance from more stable off-farm earnings to the farm home. It is also found that farmers tend to store less as income increases due to changes in absolute risk-aversions of farmers. The last important finding of thesis is that Chinese farmers' grain storage is somewhat price-elastic, in contrast with suggestions by some Chinese economists that China's on-farm grain storage is primarily for food-security concerns and therefore generally price-inelastic. It is also found that additions to farm household grain storage is directly elastic with respect to household grain output.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.publisher[].value
Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
Understanding Chinese farmers' grain storage

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.thesis.degree.committeemembers[].value
Members, Graduate Committee: John Antle; Gary Brester

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.name
Changes in the trout population of a small Montana stream

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.publisher[].value
Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Letters & Science

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.rights.holder[].value
Copyright 1963 by Alfred Henry Wipperman

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
Changes in the trout population of a small Montana stream

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.name
Hydrologic and atmospheric controls on convective precipitation events in a southeastern US mosaic landscape

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.description.abstract[].value
The pathway to summertime convective precipitation remains a vexing research problem because of the nonlinear feedback between soil moisture content and the atmosphere. Understanding this feedback is important to the southeastern U. S. region, given the high productivity of the timberland area and the role of summertime convective precipitation in maintaining this productivity. Here we explore triggers of convective precipitation for a wide range of soil moisture states and air relative humidity in a mosaic landscape primarily dominated by hardwood forests, pine plantations, and abandoned old field grassland. Using half‐hourly sensible heat flux, micrometeorological, hydrological time series measurements collected at adjacent HW, PP, and OF ecosystems, and a simplified mixed layer slab model, we developed a conditional sampling scheme to separate convective from nonconvective precipitation events in the observed precipitation time series. The series analyzed (2001–2004) includes some of the wettest and driest periods within the past 57 years. We found that convective precipitation events have significantly larger intensities (mean of 2.1 mm per 30 min) when compared to their nonconvective counterparts (mean of 1.1 mm per 30 min). Interestingly, the statistics of convective precipitation events, including total precipitation, mean intensity, and maximum intensity, are statistically different when convective precipitation is triggered by moist and dry soil conditions but are robust in duration. Using the data, we also showed that a “boundary line” emerges such that for a given soil moisture state, air relative humidity must exceed a defined minimum threshold before convective precipitation is realized.

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Juang, Jehn-Yih, Porporato, Amilcare, Stoy, Paul C., Siqueira, Mario B. S., Oishi, A. Christopher, Detto, Matteo, Kim, Hyun-Seok, Katul, Gabriel G. (2007) Hydrologic and atmospheric controls on convective precipitation events in a southeastern US mosaic landscape. Water Resources Research 43: W03421. DOI: 10.1029/2006WR004954.

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Hydrologic and atmospheric controls on convective precipitation events in a southeastern US mosaic landscape

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Land Resources & Environmental Sciences.