# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.name
Microbial ecology of nitrifying simulated premises plumbing

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.contributor.advisor[].value
Chairperson, Graduate Committee:  Anne Camper

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.contributor.other[].value
Mark D. Burr and Anne K. Camper were co-authors of the article, 'Bacterial communities in nitrifying simulated premises plumbing' in the journal 'Water research' which is contained within this thesis.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.contributor.other[].value
Anne K. Camper was a co-author of the article, 'Detection and enrichment of a nitrifying community containing a novel archaeon from simulated premises plumbing' in the journal 'PLoS One' which is contained within this thesis.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.description.abstract[].value
Because of the Stage 2 Disinfectants and Disinfection Rule limiting then concentration of disinfection by products in drinking water, the use of chloramine as an alternative to chlorine has been increasing. However, the ammonia introduced by chloramination can lead to nitrification which results in the production of nitrite and nitrate, leading to regulatory violations. Nitrification in reactors with copper and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) surfaces was established by indigenous organisms from Bozeman tap water and has been stably maintained for more than 6 years. Statistical analyses of polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) profiles determined that the active bacterial populations were different in the two systems. The assemblage of the organisms was also different from the starting population (BAC influent) suggesting both material and ammonia/carbon source affect the population. No known ammonia oxidizing bacteria were detected suggesting the role of different group for ammonia oxidation. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) detected archaea in the biofilm from both reactors. Archaeal 16S rRNA gene sequences were found to be phylogenetically affiliated with known archaeal ammonia oxidizers. Two archaeal amoA sequences were amplified from the system as determined by DGGE. We propose to provisionally classify a detected archaeon as Candidatus Nitrosotenuis bozemanii, based on its affinity to Nitrosotenuis uzonensis (Hatzenpichler et al., in preparation). Bacterial abundances were comparable in the two systems but archaeal abundances were higher in the PVC reactor suggesting material effect on the overall microbial population composition and density. Enrichment in modified synthetic Crenarchaeota medium yielded a culture of archaea and bacteria that consistently oxidizes ammonia to nitrate. Attempts to isolate the archaeal component using antibiotics failed, suggesting the disruption of a possible beneficial relationship between the archaea and bacteria. Genes involved in the transformation of nitrogen within the system were also investigated and hao distantly related to that of ammonia oxidizing bacteria was detected but its potential role remains unknown. This study provides evidence of archaea associated with biofilms in drinking water and while further analysis is needed to definitively elucidate their role, results of this study prompts the reevaluation of the current concept of nitrification in drinking water.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.publisher[].value
Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Letters & Science

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.rights.holder[].value
Copyright 2012 by Gem Deangkinay Encarnacion

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
Microbial ecology of nitrifying simulated premises plumbing

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.thesis.degree.committeemembers[].value
Members, Graduate Committee:  Mark Burr; Matthew Fields; Mike Franklin; Warren L. Jones

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.name
Propensity Score-Matching Methods for Observational Studies: An Application to Stat 216 Data

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.description.abstract[].value
Many fields of science are faced with the inability to perform randomized experiments, but wish to have the ability to estimate a treatment effect and make causal inference. Propensity score matching is a method that can be used in observational studies to obtain unbiased estimates of the treatment effect. In this paper we consider the theory behind utilizing propensity score
matching to obtain these such estimates, as well as explain how to implement propensity score matching in R using the Matching package for data from Montana State University’s Introductory Statistics curriculum.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
Propensity Score-Matching Methods for Observational Studies: An Application to Stat 216 Data

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.name
Plant diversity across dimensions: Coupling biodiversity measures from the ground and the sky

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.description.abstract[].value
Tracking biodiversity across biomes over space and time has emerged as an imperative in unified global efforts to manage our living planet for a sustainable future for humanity. We harness the National Ecological Observatory Network to develop routines using airborne spectroscopic imagery to predict multiple dimensions of plant biodiversity at continental scale across biomes in the US. Our findings show strong and positive associations between diversity metrics based on spectral species and ground-based plant species richness and other dimensions of plant diversity, whereas metrics based on distance matrices did not. We found that spectral diversity consistently predicts analogous metrics of plant taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic dimensions of biodiversity across biomes. The approach demonstrates promise for monitoring dimensions of biodiversity globally by integrating ground-based measures of biodiversity with imaging spectroscopy and advances capacity toward a Global Biodiversity Observing System.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.identifier.citation[].value
Jesús N. Pinto-Ledezma et al.   , Plant diversity across dimensions: Coupling biodiversity measures from the ground and the sky.Sci. Adv.11,eadr0278(2025).DOI:10.1126/sciadv.adr0278

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.publisher[].value
American Association for the Advancement of Science

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
Plant diversity across dimensions: Coupling biodiversity measures from the ground and the sky

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.rights.holder[].value
Copyright 1992 by Candida (Candida Maria) Von Braun

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.name
A study to determine why nurses in Montana do or do not hold a membership in ANA

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.contributor.advisor[].value
Chairperson, Graduate Committee:  Laura Walker

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.publisher[].value
Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Professional Schools

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.rights.holder[].value
Copyright 1971 by Marlene Pherson Stellmon

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
A study to determine why nurses in Montana do or do not hold a membership in ANA

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.name
Excited state processes in ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes and cerium oxide nanoparticles

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.contributor.advisor[].value
Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Patrik R. Callis

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.contributor.other[].value
Wolfgang J. Schreier, Janice Lucon, Ethan Edwards, Trevor Douglas and Bern Kohler were co-authors of the article, 'Interligand electron transfer in heteroleptic ruthenium(II) complexes occurs on multiple time scales' in the journal 'The journal of physical chemistry A ' which is contained within this thesis.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.description.abstract[].value
Solar driven hydrogen production from water is a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, but suffers greatly from the large energy cost associated with splitting water. This report uses ultrafast transient absorption and other spectroscopic techniques to analyze several components that show potential for this photocatalysis, in particular observing the excited state dynamics of electron separation and recombination. In ruthenium(II) polypyridyl systems, the rate of interligand electron transfer (ILET) was found to change with time, initially behaving as an ultrafast barrierless process, but transforming into a much slower activated process as excess energy is vibrationally released over 100 ps following excitation. The change in ILET rates lead to changes in the population of localized 3 MLCT states distributed among each ligand, which are initially randomized, but favor the lower energy bipyridine ligands at longer times. Three analogous ruthenium complexes were then linked via a triazole bridge to a cobalt(II) polypyridyl center known to catalyze the formation of H 2, observing the electron transfer from ruthenium to cobalt using emission decay signals of the ruthenium complex. The electron transfer decay pathway was slower and relatively minor compared to similar ruthenium(II)-cobalt(II) systems; however, this reduced efficiency can potentially be explained by localizations on peripheral ligands, as well as a possible energy barrier on the 5-position of phenanthroline. Finally, citrate coated CeO 2 nanoparticles displayed ultrafast trapping of holes upon excitation with UV light, forming significantly deeper traps than has been observed in other metal oxides. Transient absorption signals of the excited holes decayed over hundreds of picoseconds, with lifetimes dependent on the pH of the solution, indicating that the trapping sites are influenced by the surface of the nanoparticle. The corresponding electrons appear to form long lived Ce 3+ sites, observable on timescales of minutes. The fate of these Ce 3+ sites is also pH dependent, indicating that CeO 2 may be an effective water-splitting photocatalyst under basic conditions.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.publisher[].value
Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Letters & Science

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
Excited state processes in ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes and cerium oxide nanoparticles

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.thesis.degree.committeemembers[].value
Members, Graduate Committee: Bern Kohler; Erik Grumstrup; Aleksander Rebane.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.contributor.advisor[].value
Chairperson, Graduate Committee:  Rollin Beamish

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.description.abstract[].value
In each drawing, I look at a relationship from a different angle. At the same time, looking at myself from a different angle. In The Happiness of Architecture, Alain de Botton writes:  "Belief in the significance of architecture is premised on the notion that we are, for better or for worse, different people in different places - and on the conviction that it is architecture's task to render vivid to us who we might ideally be." ¹ We project the ideal version of ourselves onto the space we inhabit. We decorate our homes, our desks, and our spaces to show others who we are. As we look to our dreams to understand our unconscious mind, I look to my relationships with others to understand the complexities of my community. In the spaces I create in my drawings, I search for who I am.  ¹ De Botton, Alain. The Architecture of Happiness (New York, NY:  Vintage Books, 2006) 13.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.publisher[].value
Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Arts & Architecture

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.thesis.degree.committeemembers[].value
Members, Graduate Committee:  Bryan Petersen; Dean Adams

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.name
The immune and mitogenic response by Balb/c, C3H/HeJ, and nude mice to Brucella abortus bacterin and endotoxin

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.publisher[].value
Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.rights.holder[].value
Copyright 1976 by Joan Marie Bukvich Spellman

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
The immune and mitogenic response by Balb/c, C3H/HeJ, and nude mice to Brucella abortus bacterin and endotoxin

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.name
Studies on SaI-AT homograft rejection by A/jax and Balb/c inbred strains of mice

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.publisher[].value
Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.rights.holder[].value
Copyright 1969 by Kathleen Erickson Jackson

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
Studies on SaI-AT homograft rejection by A/jax and Balb/c inbred strains of mice

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.name
Development of the Newtonian Gravity Concept Inventory

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.description.abstract[].value
We introduce the Newtonian Gravity Concept Inventory (NGCI), a 26-item multiple-choice instrument to assess introductory general education college astronomy (“Astro 101”) student understanding of Newtonian gravity. This paper describes the development of the NGCI through four phases: Planning, Construction, Quantitative Analysis, and Validation. We discuss the evolution of the instrument through three versions, including the refinement of a set of four concept domains and nine examples of items to illustrate how expert review, student interviews, and Classical Test Theory statistics informed our approach. We conclude that the NGCI is a reliable and valid instrument.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.identifier.citation[].value
Williamson, Kathryn E., Shannon Willoughby, and Edward E. Prather. “Development of the Newtonian Gravity Concept Inventory.” Astronomy Education Review 12, no. 1 (n.d.). doi:10.3847/aer2012045.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
Development of the Newtonian Gravity Concept Inventory

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.name
Using successional theory to guide restoration of invasive plant dominated rangeland

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.contributor.advisor[].value
Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Douglas J. Dollhopf.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.publisher[].value
Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.rights.holder[].value
Copyright 2003 by Jennifer Lisa Anderson

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
Using successional theory to guide restoration of invasive plant dominated rangeland

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.name
The political economy of medical marijuana

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.contributor.advisor[].value
Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Mark Anderson

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.description.abstract[].value
The purpose of this research is to provide insight into the political economy of medical marijuana laws and the role diverse interest groups play in shaping drug regulation. This research tests the claims of marijuana activists that asset forfeiture and lobbying of law enforcement groups has impeded the relaxation of marijuana regulation. This is accomplished by examining the effect of law enforcement collective bargaining and the proportion of seized assets returned to law enforcement agencies on the passage of medical marijuana laws between 1990 and 2010.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.publisher[].value
Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.rights.holder[].value
Copyright 2014 by David Darlington Elsea

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
The political economy of medical marijuana

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.thesis.degree.committeemembers[].value
Members, Graduate Committee: Randal R. Rucker; Christiana Stoddard.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.name
Buzz pollination: investigations of pollen expulsion using the discrete element method

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.contributor.advisor[].value
Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Erick Johnson

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.description.abstract[].value
Buzz pollination is a specialized mechanism by which bees extract pollen from flowers using vibrational energy. This process is essential for the reproduction of many plant species, including economically important crops such as tomatoes and blueberries. Despite its ecological and agricultural significance, the mechanical factors governing pollen expulsion remain incompletely understood. While previous experimental studies have examined how vibration frequency and amplitude influence pollen release, they often lack the ability to resolve the detailed interactions between pollen grains. This study addresses this gap by using the Discrete Element Method (DEM) to simulate pollen expulsion under vibratory excitation, providing a computational approach to analyzing pollen motion at a granular level. Two primary simulations were conducted to model pollen expulsion: translating anther motion, in which the entire anther oscillates as a rigid body, and deforming anther motion, which accounts for structural vibrations that more closely resemble natural conditions. In the translating anther simulations, pollen-pollen interactions played a critical role in directing grains toward the anther pore, challenging prior assumptions that grains move independently. Initial analyses of total pollen expulsion over long time periods showed little variation across different vibration settings. However, by examining earlier time steps, trends emerged that revealed higher displacement amplitudes and frequencies led to more rapid pollen release. To quantify this effect, expulsion rates were measured based on the time required to eject half of the initial pollen grains. These results were further analyzed using a parameter called jerk, which describes how rapidly acceleration changes over time. Jerk was found to be a strong predictor of pollen expulsion rates, effectively collapsing the parameter space into a single governing variable. Simulations of deforming anthers introduced additional complexity, as the shape and motion of the anther influenced the efficiency of pollen release. The findings suggest that vibratory forces are distributed differently in deforming anthers compared to rigidly translating ones, leading to differences in expulsion behavior. This study advances the understanding of vibratory pollen expulsion mechanics and provides a foundation for future research into artificial pollination technologies and pollination efficiency in natural ecosystems.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.publisher[].value
Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Engineering

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.rights.holder[].value
Copyright 2025 by Caelen Gallatin Boucher-Bergstedt

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
Buzz pollination: investigations of pollen expulsion using the discrete element method

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.thesis.degree.committeemembers[].value
Members, Graduate Committee: Lewis M. Cox; Mark Jankauski

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.name
α-Chymotrypsin Immobilized on a Low-Density Polyethylene Surface Successfully Weakens Escherichia coli Biofilm Formation

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.description.abstract[].value
The protease α-chymotrypsin (α-CT) was covalently immobilized on a low-density polyethylene (LDPE) surface, providing a new non-leaching material (LDPE-α-CT) able to preserve surfaces from biofilm growth over a long working timescale. The immobilized enzyme showed a transesterification activity of 1.24 nmol/h, confirming that the immobilization protocol did not negatively affect α-CT activity. Plate count viability assays, as well as confocal laser scanner microscopy (CLSM) analysis, showed that LDPE-α-CT significantly impacts Escherichia coli biofilm formation by (i) reducing the number of adhered cells (−70.7 ± 5.0%); (ii) significantly affecting biofilm thickness (−81.8 ± 16.7%), roughness (−13.8 ± 2.8%), substratum coverage (−63.1 ± 1.8%), and surface to bio-volume ratio (+7.1 ± 0.2-fold); and (iii) decreasing the matrix polysaccharide bio-volume (80.2 ± 23.2%). Additionally, CLSM images showed a destabilized biofilm with many cells dispersing from it. Notably, biofilm stained for live and dead cells confirmed that the reduction in the biomass was achieved by a mechanism that did not affect bacterial viability, reducing the chances for the evolution of resistant strains.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.identifier.citation[].value
Catto, Cristina, Francesco Secundo, Garth A. James, Federica Villa, and Francesca Cappitelli. "α-Chymotrypsin Immobilized on a Low-Density Polyethylene Surface Successfully Weakens Escherichia coli Biofilm Formation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 12 (December 2018). DOI:10.3390/ijms19124003.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.rights[].value
CC BY: This license lets you distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon this work, even commercially, as long as you credit the original creator for this work. This is the most accommodating of licenses offered. Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
α-Chymotrypsin Immobilized on a Low-Density Polyethylene Surface Successfully Weakens Escherichia coli Biofilm Formation

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.mus.citation.journaltitle[].value
International Journal of Molecular Sciences

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.name
Peering into the Heart of Darkness with VLBA: Radio-quiet Active Galactic Nucleus in the JWST North Ecliptic Pole Time-domain Field

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.description.abstract[].value
We present initial results from the 4.8 GHz Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) survey of the JWST North Ecliptic Pole Time-Domain Field (TDF). From 106 radio sources found in the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) observations in the TDF, we detected 12 sources (∼11% detection rate) at ∼3.3 μJy rms sensitivity and ∼4 mas resolution. Most detections exhibit parsec-scale emission (less than 40 pc) with high VLBA/VLA flux density ratios and brightness temperatures exceeding 105 K, confirming nonthermal active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity. Spectral indices α ≳ −0.5 correlate with higher VLBA/VLA flux ratios, consistent with synchrotron emission from AGN coronae or jets. In the majority of our sources, star formation contributes less than 50% of the total VLBA radio emission, with a few cases where the emission is almost entirely AGN driven. Although the radio emission from radio quiet AGN is thought to be primarily driven by star formation, our VLBA observations confirm that there is also often a contribution at various levels from black hole driven AGN. Eight VLBA detections have JWST/NIRCam counterparts, predominantly early-type, bulge-dominated galaxies, which we use to get an estimate of the redshift and star formation rate (SFR). Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer colors indicate that VLBA detections are either AGN or intermediate-disk-dominated systems, while VLBA nondetections correspond to extended, star-forming galaxies. We compare SFRs derived from previous SCUBA-2 850 μm observations with new JWST-based estimates, and discuss the observed discrepancies, highlighting JWST’s improved capability to disentangle AGN activity from star formation.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.identifier.citation[].value
Saikia, Payaswini, Ramon Wrzosek, Joseph Gelfand, Walter Brisken, William Cotton, S. P. Willner, Hansung B. Gim et al. "Peering into the Heart of Darkness with VLBA: Radio-quiet Active Galactic Nucleus in the JWST North Ecliptic Pole Time-domain Field." The Astrophysical Journal 989, no. 1 (2025): 29.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
Peering into the Heart of Darkness with VLBA: Radio-quiet Active Galactic Nucleus in the JWST North Ecliptic Pole Time-domain Field

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.name
Comparative taphonomy and taphofacies analysis of marine vertebrates of the Neogene Purisima Formation, Central California

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.contributor.advisor[].value
Chairperson, Graduate Committee:  James G. Schmitt

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.description.abstract[].value
The taphonomy of vertebrate skeletal remains in the marine realm is poorly understood, and the majority of previous studies have focused on single skeletons, lagerstatten, or bonebed genesis. Very few studies have attempted to document environmental gradients in preservation, and as such it has been difficult to establish a concrete taphonomic model for vertebrates in the shallow marine realm. The Neogene Purisima Formation of central California, a richly fossiliferous unit representing depositional settings from nearshore to offshore, offers a unique opportunity to examine preservational trends across these settings. Lithofacies analysis was conducted in order to place the vertebrate fossils within a proper sedimentologic and depositional environmental context. This study examined over 600 vertebrate fossils of elasmobranchs, osteichthyes, aves, pinnipeds, odontocetes, mysticetes, sirenians, and land mammals, and taphonomic data regarding abrasion, fragmentation, phosphatization, articulation, polish, and biogenic bone modification were recorded. These data were then used to compare both preservation of these multiple taxa within a single lithofacies and preservation of one taxon across lithofacies in order to document environmental gradients in preservation. Many of these taphonomic processes resulted in differential preservation between taxa, indicating strong preservational bias within the Purisima Formation. Varying levels of abrasion, fragmentation, phosphatization, and articulation were found to be strongly correlated with physical processes of sediment transport and sedimentation rate. These varying characteristics were used to delineate four taphofacies, which corresponded to inner, middle, and outer shelf settings, and bonebeds which cut across all taphofacies. Application of sequence stratigraphic methods shows a strong similarity between the taphofacies model and the sequence stratigraphic model. Bonebeds mark major discontinuities (sequence boundary, transgressive surface of erosion, marine flooding surfaces), while the packages of rock between these discontinuities consistently exhibit onshore-offshore changes in taphofacies, closely corresponding to onshore-offshore changes in lithofacies and inferred depositional setting. The strong physical control on marine vertebrate preservation and preservational bias within the Purisima Formation has implications for paleoecologic and paleobiologic studies of marine vertebrates.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.publisher[].value
Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Letters & Science

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.rights.holder[].value
Copyright 2011 by Robert William Boessenecker

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
Comparative taphonomy and taphofacies analysis of marine vertebrates of the Neogene Purisima Formation, Central California

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.thesis.degree.committeemembers[].value
Members, Graduate Committee:  Frankie Jackson; David Varricchio

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.name
Reflecting on Zagonel's dichotomy of microworlds and boundary objects

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.description.abstract[].value
Aldo Zagonel's distinction between “microworld” and “boundary object” approaches to modeling suggests we ask ourselves pointed questions about what we are valuing, under what conditions, as we involve stakeholders with system dynamics representations. Reflecting on developments in both participatory modeling and large system simulations, I propose that Zagonel's dichotomous descriptions lie along a continuum, with room for scholars and practitioners to explore more explicitly the multiple ways we adapt system dynamics methods to the needs and capacities of the stakeholders with whom we are working at that time. Regardless of approach, whether simulation models or causal diagrams, modifiable in the moment or fixed by design, the goal of using system dynamics representations remains focused on fostering intelligent action among the stakeholders facing the problem of focus. © 2024 The Author(s). System Dynamics Review published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of System Dynamics Society.

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.identifier.citation[].value
Black, L.J. (2024), Reflecting on Zagonel's dichotomy of microworlds and boundary objects. Syst. Dyn. Rev. e1783. https://doi.org/10.1002/sdr.1783

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
Reflecting on Zagonel's dichotomy of microworlds and boundary objects

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.name
Preliminary investigation of the carbonizing properties of Montana coals

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.publisher[].value
Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Engineering

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.metadata.dc.title[].value
Preliminary investigation of the carbonizing properties of Montana coals

# _embedded.searchResult._embedded.objects[]._embedded.indexableObject.name
Built environment approaches: Extension personnel's preferences, barriers, and facilitators

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Introduction: Interventions that modify the built environment can increase population physical activity levels and prevent chronic disease. The national Cooperative Extension System is poised to implement built environment approaches (i.e., pedestrian/bicycle infrastructure and enhanced access to physical activity spaces), but implementation strategies (i.e., methods or techniques to move research to practice) are needed to improve uptake. Effective implementation strategies address relevant barriers and capitalize on facilitators. The purpose of this study was to understand 1) barriers and facilitators to implementing built environment approaches in two state Extension systems, 2) preferences for built environment approaches, and 3) preferences for implementation strategies. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was used to understand Extension personnel's preferences for and barriers and facilitators to built environment approaches through a mixed-methods study design. This work was informed by anthropological inquiry as the overall research philosophy, and by the Health Impact Pyramid, Leeman et al.'s classification of implementation strategies, and the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research as the theoretical frameworks. The survey was distributed to eligible Extension personnel (n = 42) in two states. Quantitative data analysis consisted of numbers/proportions and Friedman tests. Qualitative analysis was completed through a rapid deductive approach to quickly produce actionable results. Results: Fourteen respondents (33%) completed the survey. Most had not implemented physical activity interventions in their communities or had implemented only individual-level interventions, though were interested in implementing built environment approaches. Benches, playground improvements, and crosswalks were the most desired approaches, while facilitation, assessing community strengths and needs, and technical assistance were desired implementation strategies. The most common barriers were relative priority and available resources; facilitators were external policy and incentives and implementation climate. Discussion: Extension personnel are receptive to built environment approaches and engaged with community coalitions. Yet, invested parties prefer individual-level interventions, and agents perceive a lack of resources for implementation. Implementation strategies that build capacity in both the Extension system and community coalitions may address these barriers through increasing relative priority and sharing existing resources. This work is a first step toward compiling implementation strategies to address relevant barriers to built environment approaches in community settings.

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Balis LE and Grocke-Dewey M (2022) Built environment approaches: Extension personnel's preferences, barriers, and facilitators. Front. Public Health 10:960949. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.960949

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Built environment approaches: Extension personnel's preferences, barriers, and facilitators

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College of Education, Health & Human Development

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Modification of seed fatty acid composition by CRISPR/Cas9 targeting the fatty acid elongase1 in Camelina sativa

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Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Chaofu Lu

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The low-input oilseed crop Camelina (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz) is known for its high omega-3 (18:3) content, short growth season, and facile gene transformation. Camelina mostly contains unsaturated fatty acids, however its fatty acid composition needs optimization depending on the end uses, for example reduction of unsaturated fatty acid to use as biodiesels, or enhancing omega-3 fatty acid content to use as nutritional supplements. Very long chain fatty acid (VLCFAs, C20-C24), are undesirable for human consumption, and their accumulation in seed oil also needs to be diminished. VLCFAs are produced by the catalytic action of fatty acid elongase1 (FAE1), and Camelina contains three alleles of FAE1 genes (FAE1-A, FAE1-B, and FAE1-C) due to its allohexaploid nature. Recently, VLCFAs in camelina were decreased along with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) using the RNA interference (RNAi) technology. A low VLCFA line was also isolated from ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) induced mutants. Sequencing results indicated that FAE1-B gene was mutated and resulted in 60% reduction in VLCFAs, but other two FAE1 copies were presumably still active in the mutant. To address this multipleallele-knockout-at-once problem, here I investigated the effect of knocking out three alleles of FAE1 genes using CRISPR technology with egg cell-specific Cas9 expression. Due to the germline mutation, homozygous FAE1 knockout mutants were successfully created in a single generation. VLCFA accumulation was significantly decreased from 22% of total fatty acids in wild type to less than 2% in transgenic plants, and the C18 unsaturated fatty acids were improved since 18:1 substrates were diverted to desaturation pathway, rather than elongation. Analysis of the fatty acid composition of four transgenic generations indicated that the mutations that cause low VLCFA genotype were heritable. There was no significant difference observed in seed weight, plant height, total oil content, and seed germination in Cas9-induced mutants compared to the wild type. This study showed that polyploid Camelina can be modified rapidly and effectively through CRISPR/Cas9 to achieve desired fatty acid composition.

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Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture

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Modification of seed fatty acid composition by CRISPR/Cas9 targeting the fatty acid elongase1 in Camelina sativa

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Members, Graduate Committee: Michael J. Giroux; Robert Sharrock.