Gomez, AndresPetrzelkova, Klara J.Burns, Michael B.Yeoman, Carl J.Amato, Katherine R.Vlckova, KlaraModry, DavidTodd, Angelique F.Jost Robinson, Carolyn A.Remis, Melissa J.Torralba, Manolito G.Morton, EliseUmaña, Juan D.Carbonero, FranckGaskins, H. RexNelson, Karen E.Wilson, Brenda A.Stumpf, Rebecca M.White, Bryan A.Leigh, Steven R.Blekhman, Ran2016-05-032016-05-032016-03Gomez, Andres , Klara J. Petrzelkova, Michael B. Burns, Carl J. Yeoman, Katherine R. Amato, Klara Vlckova, David Modry, Angelique Todd, Carolyn A. Jost Robinson, Melissa J. Remis, Manolito G. Torralba, Elise Morton, Juan D. Umaña, Franck Carbonero, H. Rex Gaskins, Karen E. Nelson, Brenda A. Wilson, Rebecca M. Stumpf, Bryan A. White, Steven R. Leigh, and Ran Blekhman. "Gut Microbiome of Coexisting BaAka Pygmies and Bantu Reflects Gradients of Traditional Subsistence Patterns." Cell Reports (March 2016). DOI:https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2016.02.013.2211-1247https://scholarworks.montana.edu/handle/1/9739To understand how the gut microbiome is impacted by human adaptation to varying environments, we explored gut bacterial communities in the BaAka rainforest hunter-gatherers and their agriculturalist Bantu neighbors in the Central African Republic. Although the microbiome of both groups is compositionally similar, hunter-gatherers harbor increased abundance of Prevotellaceae, Treponema, and Clostridiaceae, while the Bantu gut microbiome is dominated by Firmicutes. Comparisons with US Americans reveal microbiome differences between Africans and westerners but show western-like features in the Bantu, including an increased abundance of predictive carbohydrate and xenobiotic metabolic pathways. In contrast, the hunter-gatherer gut shows increased abundance of predicted virulence, amino acid, and vitamin metabolism functions, as well as dominance of lipid and amino-acid-derived metabolites, as determined through metabolomics. Our results demonstrate gradients of traditional subsistence patterns in two neighboring African groups and highlight the adaptability of the microbiome in response to host ecology.CC BY 4.0 You are free to: Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms. Under the following terms: Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcodeArticle