Koeshall, Samuel T.Easterly, Amanda C.Werle, RodrigoStepanovic, StrahinjaCreech, Cody F.2023-01-252023-01-252022-11Koeshall, S. T., Easterly, A. C., Werle, R., Stepanovic, S., & Creech, C. F. (2022). Replacing fallow with field Pea in wheat production systems across western Nebraska. Agronomy Journal, 114, 3329– 3346. https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.211940002-1962https://scholarworks.montana.edu/handle/1/17632This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: [Replacing fallow with field pea in wheat production systems across western Nebraska. Agronomy Journal 114, 6 p3329-3346 (2022)], which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.21194. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions: https://authorservices.wiley.com/author-resources/Journal-Authors/licensing/self-archiving.html#3.Integration of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) (FP) into dryland cropping systems has increased due to ecological and economic benefits, paired with a growing market for pea-derived products. Challenges exist in the High Plains that limit the integration of crop rotations to replace fallow periods with FP in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-based systems. This experiment compares chemical summer fallow to FP in a fallow–wheat rotation at two locations in western Nebraska. Soil water content, soil fertility, N mineralization, FP yield, and subsequent hard red winter wheat (HWW) yields were recorded. Subsequent HWW yields were not different between crop sequences (P = .42). The interaction of site-year with crop sequence explained the HWW yield differences (P = .0005), mostly due to precipitation variability among site-years. Most soil parameters tested only showed a main effect of date due to temporal changes in soil nutrient cycling. Replacing summer fallow with FP resulted in reduced soil water content, however, that did not result in long-term moisture deficiency due to crop sequence type. System annualized gross revenue was equal to or greater for 2 site-years for FP compared with fallow, with an average increase of US$113.15 ha–1. Pea–wheat reduced annualized net losses in 1 site-year by $70 ha–1 compared with fallow–wheat in the "average" pricing model. Among 3 site-years and three pricing models, pea–wheat resulted in greater net profit or reduced net losses compared with fallow–wheat in 5 site-year comparisons.en-UScopyright Wiley 2022https://web.archive.org/web/20200106202133/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/library-info/products/price-listshttp://web.archive.org/web/20190530141919/https://authorservices.wiley.com/author-resources/Journal-Authors/licensing/self-archiving.htmlfield peawestern NebraskafallowArticle