Goffena, JoyLefcort, FrancesZhang, YongqingLehrmann, ElinChaverra, MartaFelig, JehremyWalters, JosephBuksch, RichardBecker, Kevin G.George, Lynn2018-11-012018-11-012018-03Goffena, Joy, Frances Lefcort, Yongqing Zhang, Elin Lehrmann, Marta Chaverra, Jehremy Felig, Joseph Walters, Richard Buksch, Kevin G Becker, and Lynn George. "Elongator and codon bias regulate protein levels in mammalian peripheral neurons." Nature Communications 9 (March 2018): 1-10. DOI:10.1038/s41467-018-03221-z.2041-1723https://scholarworks.montana.edu/handle/1/14989Familial dysautonomia (FD) results from mutation in IKBKAP/ELP1, a gene encoding the scaffolding protein for the Elongator complex. This highly conserved complex is required for the translation of codon-biased genes in lower organisms. Here we investigate whether Elongator serves a similar function in mammalian peripheral neurons, the population devastated in FD. Using codon-biased eGFP sensors, and multiplexing of codon usage with transcriptome and proteome analyses of over 6,000 genes, we identify two categories of genes, as well as specific gene identities that depend on Elongator for normal expression. Moreover, we show that multiple genes in the DNA damage repair pathway are codon-biased, and that with Elongator loss, their misregulation is correlated with elevated levels of DNA damage. These findings link Elongator's function in the translation of codon-biased genes with both the developmental and neurodegenerative phenotypes of FD, and also clarify the increased risk of cancer associated with the disease.enCC BY 4.0, This license lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the original creation. This is the most accommodating of licenses offered. Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcodeArticle