Assessment of reproductive isolation between Yellowstone cutthroat trout and rainbow trout in the Yellowstone River, Montana
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Date
2004
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Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Letters & Science
Abstract
The genomic extinction of Yellowstone cutthroat trout (Oncorynchus clarki bouvieri) has occurred throughout many parts of its historic range because of displacement and introgression with introduced rainbow trout (O. mykiss). However, fluvial cutthroat trout still retain their genetic integrity while co-existing with rainbow trout in the Yellowstone River drainage, Montana. I assessed whether spatial or temporal reproductive isolation, or both, occurs between these taxa. Time and place of spawning was determined by radio-telemetry of a total of 164 trout (98 cutthroat, 37 rainbow, and 29 cutthroat x rainbow hybrids) over three spawning seasons, from 2001 to 2003. Fish were telemetered in four areas of a 140-km segment of the mainstem Yellowstone River. Of the 164 radio-tagged fish, 73 (44 cutthroat trout, 15 rainbow trout, and 14 hybrids) were assumed to have spawned. Fifty-five (75.3%) of 73 radio-tagged fish that spawned used 16 tributaries, 17 (23.3%) used 7 river side channels, and 1 (1.4%) used the main channel of the Yellowstone River. The majority of fish that spawned (62%) used five spawning areas. These were used by 79% (N = 11) of hybrids, 61% (N = 27) of cutthroat trout, and 47% (N = 7) of rainbow trout that spawned. Spawning-area and spawning-reach overlap index values were high among all taxa. In contrast, mean migration and spawning dates of rainbow trout and hybrids were 5 to 9 weeks earlier than of cutthroat trout. Rainbow trout and hybrids began migrating and spawning in April and May when Yellowstone River discharges were lower and water temperatures were colder than discharges and temperatures during cutthroat trout migration and spawning in June and July. Spawningperiod overlap index values between rainbow trout and hybrids versus cutthroat trout were typically less than half the spatial overlap index values. Therefore, difference in time of spawning is likely the predominant mechanism eliciting reproductive isolation. Management actions focused on later spawning cutthroat trout in tributaries may enhance temporal reproductive isolation from rainbow trout and hybrids.