Theses and Dissertations at Montana State University (MSU)

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    Utilizing sugar beets in steer backgrounding, sheep nutrient metabolism, and silage
    (Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 2017) McGregor, Ian Robert; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Megan Van Emon; C. M. Page, W. C. Stewart and M. L Van Emon were co-authors of the article, 'Effects of sugar beets on steer backgrounding performance, sheep nutrient metabolism, and ruminal characteristics' submitted to the journal 'Journal of animal science' which is contained within this thesis.; J. G. P. Bowman, C. M. Page, A. R. Hubbard, M. Manoukian, W. C. Stewart, and M. L Van Emon were co-authors of the article, 'The effect of ensiling sugar beets on preservation characteristics, nutrient profile, and in situ disappearance' submitted to the journal 'Journal of animal science' which is contained within this thesis.
    Non-harvested sugar beets are an abundant yet underutilized feedstuff for producers in Montana and Northern Plains region. A performance and metabolism study were performed to observe the effects of sugar beets on steer backgrounding performance, sheep nutrient metabolism, and rumen fermentation characteristics. Both experiments utilized four dietary treatments where sugar beets replaced 0% (0SB), 15% (15SB), 30% (30SB), and 45% (45SB) of barley on a dry matter (DM) basis. Forty eight Angus steers were used in a completely randomized design to conduct the 50 d performance study. Average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency (G:F), and dry matter intake (DMI) weren't affected by treatment (P > or = 0.06). A 4 x 4 replicated Latin Square design was used to observe the effects of increasing dietary inclusion of sugar beets on nutrient metabolism and rumen fermentation characteristics of eight growing wethers. Crude fiber, DM, and nitrogen (N) digestibility weren't affected by treatment (P > or = 0.10), while N balance demonstrated a cubic effect (P = 0.04). Butyrate concentration demonstrated a treatment x time effect (P = 0.01), where butyrate concentrations increased with increasing sugar beets in the diet at 1300. The acetate to propionate ratio demonstrated a linear increase (P = 0.03) with increasing sugar beets in the diet. Overall, we concluded that sugar beets can be included up to 45% of the diet without inducing any deleterious effects on steer performance or sheep nutrient metabolism. However, the moisture content of sugar beets creates difficulty when storing this feedstuff, and we hypothesized that sugar beets may ensile well with other feedstuffs. Therefore, we carried out a study to test this hypothesis using a 3 x 2 factorial design. Treatments were hay (H), or sugar beets mixed with either hay (SBH) or soybean meal (SB) were ensiled at a rate of 50:50 (as fed) with or without a mold inhibitor. The pH of all treatments fell below 5.0 before d 90 (P < 0.01). All treatments increased in crude fiber and crude protein over time (P < or = 0.03). With these results, we conclude that sugar beets can be effectively ensiled with hay or soybean meal.
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    The nutritive value of mixed prairie : sagebrush-bunchgrass and forest-alpine ranges for grazing cattle
    (Montana State University - Bozeman, 1978) Strazdas, Petras; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: J. E. (John Edgar) Taylor
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    The effects of sheep grazing for Pisum sativum or Melilotus officinalis cover crop termination
    (Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 2016) Westbrook, Jasmine Katherine; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Craig Carr
    Integration of sheep grazing into crop rotation systems has been proposed as an alternative to conventional cover crop management techniques. However, the effectiveness of this approach and its impact on subsequent crops has not been evaluated in Montana. This study assessed the use of sheep (Ovis aries) grazing to terminate field pea (Pisum sativum) and yellow sweetclover (Melilotus officinalis) cover crops used in rotation with winter wheat. Cover crops were terminated using either rotational or continuous grazing treatments and their effects on cover crop termination, sheep live weight gains, and winter wheat emergence and yield were quantified. Sheep grazing for cover crop termination was also compared to chemical termination and mechanical tillage. In 2013, yearlings grazed the winter pea cover crop for 32 days. Sheep grazing was an effective termination method (77% dead, 1% live, 22% bare ground). Average daily gains (ADGs) did not differ between grazing treatments with sheep exhibiting ADGs of 0.181 kg day -1 for rotational (230 sheep ha -1)and 0.154 kg day -1 for continuous (57 sheep ha -1) treatments (P = 0.12). Winter wheat seedling emergence post grazing was higher under the continuous grazing treatment (P = 0.017), however winter wheat yield did not differ between treatments (P = 0.91). Results indicated grazing was a viable method for terminating a pea cover crop. In 2014, yearlings grazed the sweetclover cover crop for 40 days. Sheep grazing at stocking densities of 44 and 178 sheep ha -1 did not provide effective termination (40% dead, 34% live, 9% bare groundcover). Average daily gains did not differ between grazing treatments with sheep exhibiting ADGs of 0.177 kg day -1 for rotational and 0.172 kg day -1 for continuous treatments (p = 0.79). Termination was achieved using a second group of sheep at stocking densities of 119 and 477 sheep ha -1. Winter wheat seedling emergence did not differ between grazing treatments (p = 0.95). Winter wheat yield was lower in grazed plots than tilled and chemically terminated plots. Grazing has the potential for effective cover crop termination comparable to tillage or herbicide, but results may vary with cover crop species.
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    The in vitro digestibility and utilization of Big Sagebrush and Black Sagebrush
    (Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 1985) Striby, Karl David
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    Nutritional evaluation of 2-rowed barleys selected for high-lysine
    (Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 1976) Stutz, Duane Kip
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    Bypass supplementation of grazing pregnant beef cows
    (Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 1986) Miner, Jess Lee
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    Diet overlap and habitat utilization of rainbow trout and juvenile walleye in Cooney Reservoir, Montana
    (Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Letters & Science, 1994) Venditti, David Allan
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    Utilization of biuret and urea as affected by feeding interval and energy level
    (Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 1970) Armitage, Jesse George
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    DL-methionine as a winter supplement for gestating cows grazing native range
    (Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 1988) Lodman, David William
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