Theses and Dissertations at Montana State University (MSU)
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Item Impact of cattle feeding-style on beef and human postprandial inflammation(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Education, Health & Human Development, 2024) Spears, Meghan Leigh; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Mary P. Miles; This is a manuscript style paper that includes co-authored chapters.Purpose: Various cattle-feeding styles have arisen in recent years, impacting the sustainability and environmental practices of many producers. While these changes are known to have an impact on the environment, little is known about the direct impact cattle raised using different feeding styles has on human health. Acute response focused studies, like this, are a glimpse into the expected impact of a certain food on the diet over time. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of cattle-feeding style on postprandial inflammation. Methods: A randomized, double blind, crossover study design was used to compare grass-fed (GRA) and conventional (CON) beef. Subjects (n=10) were comprised of men and women with a healthy body mass index (BMI) and no preexisting metabolic conditions. Blood samples were collected fasted and postprandially for four hours. Blood samples were analyzed for inflammation markers (TNF-alpha, IL-23, IL-17, IL-10, IL-1beta, IL-6, IFN-gamma and GM-CSF) at hourly timepoints. To observe postprandial changes with and without consideration for cattle feeding style, the net area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. Maxchange and CMAXtime were calculated by finding the maximum value of each cytokine between hours one and hour postprandially and subtracting that from the fasting value. CMAXtime represents the time at which the maximum value of each cytokine was reached in hours. Maxchange and AUC responses were compared to zero using a one-sample t-test to determine if response was greater than fasting. Results: In response to beef, maxchange of all measured markers and IFNgamma AUC were significantly greater than zero (p< 0.05). No differences were shown between GRA and CON in inflammation AUC (p> 0.05). Conclusion: This demonstrates that beef consumption does increase postprandial inflammation, but cattle-feeding style does not significantly impact this response.Item Utilizing sugar beets in steer backgrounding, sheep nutrient metabolism, and silage(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 2017) McGregor, Ian Robert; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Megan Van Emon; C. M. Page, W. C. Stewart and M. L Van Emon were co-authors of the article, 'Effects of sugar beets on steer backgrounding performance, sheep nutrient metabolism, and ruminal characteristics' submitted to the journal 'Journal of animal science' which is contained within this thesis.; J. G. P. Bowman, C. M. Page, A. R. Hubbard, M. Manoukian, W. C. Stewart, and M. L Van Emon were co-authors of the article, 'The effect of ensiling sugar beets on preservation characteristics, nutrient profile, and in situ disappearance' submitted to the journal 'Journal of animal science' which is contained within this thesis.Non-harvested sugar beets are an abundant yet underutilized feedstuff for producers in Montana and Northern Plains region. A performance and metabolism study were performed to observe the effects of sugar beets on steer backgrounding performance, sheep nutrient metabolism, and rumen fermentation characteristics. Both experiments utilized four dietary treatments where sugar beets replaced 0% (0SB), 15% (15SB), 30% (30SB), and 45% (45SB) of barley on a dry matter (DM) basis. Forty eight Angus steers were used in a completely randomized design to conduct the 50 d performance study. Average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency (G:F), and dry matter intake (DMI) weren't affected by treatment (P > or = 0.06). A 4 x 4 replicated Latin Square design was used to observe the effects of increasing dietary inclusion of sugar beets on nutrient metabolism and rumen fermentation characteristics of eight growing wethers. Crude fiber, DM, and nitrogen (N) digestibility weren't affected by treatment (P > or = 0.10), while N balance demonstrated a cubic effect (P = 0.04). Butyrate concentration demonstrated a treatment x time effect (P = 0.01), where butyrate concentrations increased with increasing sugar beets in the diet at 1300. The acetate to propionate ratio demonstrated a linear increase (P = 0.03) with increasing sugar beets in the diet. Overall, we concluded that sugar beets can be included up to 45% of the diet without inducing any deleterious effects on steer performance or sheep nutrient metabolism. However, the moisture content of sugar beets creates difficulty when storing this feedstuff, and we hypothesized that sugar beets may ensile well with other feedstuffs. Therefore, we carried out a study to test this hypothesis using a 3 x 2 factorial design. Treatments were hay (H), or sugar beets mixed with either hay (SBH) or soybean meal (SB) were ensiled at a rate of 50:50 (as fed) with or without a mold inhibitor. The pH of all treatments fell below 5.0 before d 90 (P < 0.01). All treatments increased in crude fiber and crude protein over time (P < or = 0.03). With these results, we conclude that sugar beets can be effectively ensiled with hay or soybean meal.Item The effects of sheep grazing for Pisum sativum or Melilotus officinalis cover crop termination(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 2016) Westbrook, Jasmine Katherine; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Craig CarrIntegration of sheep grazing into crop rotation systems has been proposed as an alternative to conventional cover crop management techniques. However, the effectiveness of this approach and its impact on subsequent crops has not been evaluated in Montana. This study assessed the use of sheep (Ovis aries) grazing to terminate field pea (Pisum sativum) and yellow sweetclover (Melilotus officinalis) cover crops used in rotation with winter wheat. Cover crops were terminated using either rotational or continuous grazing treatments and their effects on cover crop termination, sheep live weight gains, and winter wheat emergence and yield were quantified. Sheep grazing for cover crop termination was also compared to chemical termination and mechanical tillage. In 2013, yearlings grazed the winter pea cover crop for 32 days. Sheep grazing was an effective termination method (77% dead, 1% live, 22% bare ground). Average daily gains (ADGs) did not differ between grazing treatments with sheep exhibiting ADGs of 0.181 kg day -1 for rotational (230 sheep ha -1)and 0.154 kg day -1 for continuous (57 sheep ha -1) treatments (P = 0.12). Winter wheat seedling emergence post grazing was higher under the continuous grazing treatment (P = 0.017), however winter wheat yield did not differ between treatments (P = 0.91). Results indicated grazing was a viable method for terminating a pea cover crop. In 2014, yearlings grazed the sweetclover cover crop for 40 days. Sheep grazing at stocking densities of 44 and 178 sheep ha -1 did not provide effective termination (40% dead, 34% live, 9% bare groundcover). Average daily gains did not differ between grazing treatments with sheep exhibiting ADGs of 0.177 kg day -1 for rotational and 0.172 kg day -1 for continuous treatments (p = 0.79). Termination was achieved using a second group of sheep at stocking densities of 119 and 477 sheep ha -1. Winter wheat seedling emergence did not differ between grazing treatments (p = 0.95). Winter wheat yield was lower in grazed plots than tilled and chemically terminated plots. Grazing has the potential for effective cover crop termination comparable to tillage or herbicide, but results may vary with cover crop species.Item The in vitro digestibility and utilization of Big Sagebrush and Black Sagebrush(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 1985) Striby, Karl DavidItem Nutritional evaluation of 2-rowed barleys selected for high-lysine(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 1976) Stutz, Duane KipItem Bypass supplementation of grazing pregnant beef cows(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 1986) Miner, Jess LeeItem Diet overlap and habitat utilization of rainbow trout and juvenile walleye in Cooney Reservoir, Montana(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Letters & Science, 1994) Venditti, David AllanItem Utilization of biuret and urea as affected by feeding interval and energy level(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 1970) Armitage, Jesse GeorgeItem DL-methionine as a winter supplement for gestating cows grazing native range(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 1988) Lodman, David WilliamItem Range use and interspecific competition of Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep in the Highland Mountains, Montana(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Letters & Science, 1994) Weigand, Joseph Paul