Publications by Colleges and Departments (MSU - Bozeman)
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Item Spring Seeding Integrated with a Spring Glyphosate Application Promotes Establishment ofPseudoroegneria spicata(bluebunch wheatgrass) inBromus tectorum(cheatgrass)-infested Rangelands(University of Wisconsin Press, 2024-08) Majeski, Michelle L.; Simanonok, Stacy C.; Miller, Zachariah; Rew, Lisa J.; Mangold, Jane M.Bromus tectorum invasion and associated impacts have been documented extensively in the western United States. Integrated approaches have been shown to be effective in restoring rangeland impacted by B. tectorum. While integrating herbicide and seeding of native species can be effective, strategic timing of these tools could further improve restoration outcomes. At three B. tectorum-infested rangeland sites in western Montana, we tested the effects of glyphosate application and timing (fall or spring) and five Pseudoroegneria spicata seeding dates (one fall and four spring dates) on density and cover of P. spicata. Pseudoroegneria spicata density was nearly ten times higher with glyphosate applied to B. tectorum compared to none at one site, and P. spicata abundance was generally greater when spring glyphosate application was combined with spring seeding at two other sites where densities ranged from six to 25 plants per m2. Overall, B. tectorum abundance was minimally affected by treatments and fluctuated between years and across study sites. Our results indicate that spring seeding of P. spicata following a spring glyphosate application promoted establishment of P. spicata, increasing its density and cover compared to fall glyphosate application and fall seeding, spring glyphosate following fall seeding, or seeding without any glyphosate. Restoration practitioners have an ecologically-based strategy for timing glyphosate application and seeding P. spicata based on our results, where spring-seeded P. spicata can grow for several months prior to fall emergence of the next B. tectorum cohort.Item Testing the effects of seed pellet composition to aid in semiarid restoration seeding(Wiley, 2024-11) Teichroew, Erin B.; Rew, Lisa J.Restoring and revegetating semiarid regions with native perennial grasses is an extremely difficult task, often unsuccessful due to harsh abiotic conditions. We conducted studies evaluating the use of seed pellets to improve restoration seeding success in controlled and field environments. In a controlled setting, we evaluated the impacts of clay volume, pellet size, and watering rate on seedling establishment and pellet disintegration. The amount of clay, size of pellets, and watering rate were varied in a full factorial design. Seedlings emerged from 40% of the pellets. Clay content did not impact seedling emergence, but larger pellets (2.5 cm) were more likely to produce seedlings. However, when smaller pellets (1.5 cm) produced seedlings, a higher proportion emerged (15 vs. 9%). In the field, we compared seedling establishment monthly, overall summer recruitment, and disintegration of seed pellets made with 10% and 55% clay to broadcast seed and a non-seeded control using a randomized design. Seedling emergence was higher for both the 10% (1.4 seedlings) and 55% clay pellets (1.0 seedling) than the control treatments (0.5 seedlings), and also higher for the 10% clay pellets than broadcast treatments (0.8 seedlings). Additionally, we found that seedling establishment and recruitment were unaffected by pellet disintegration. End-of-season recruitment was higher in 10% clay pellets (2.6 seedlings) than in 55% clay pellets (1.2 seedlings) and control treatments (1.0 seedling). We also found that 2.5 cm pellets had slightly higher recruitment, indicating that larger pellets may be more suited to seedling survival in semiarid environments.Item Training community members to deliver an intervention for substance use disorder: Overcoming implementation barriers in American Indian communities(Elsevier BV, 2024-10) Skewes, Monica C.; Gonzalez, Vivian M.; Stix, AmyIntroduction. Although American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) people have high rates of abstinence from alcohol and other drugs, there also is evidence of greater rates of substance use disorders (SUDs) in Native communities. Health disparities associated with substance use are compounded by inadequate access to evidence-based treatments (EBTs). Lack of mental health providers is one notable barrier to EBT implementation in rural AI reservation communities. Our Indigenous Recovery Planning (IRP) intervention merges cultural lessons and culturally adapted relapse prevention strategies to facilitate SUD recovery in the reservation environment. One key implementation strategy is training non-specialist community-based facilitators to deliver IRP, thereby increasing its acceptability and sustainability. This manuscript reports the facilitator training, supervision, and fidelity monitoring procedures used in our ongoing clinical trial of IRP. Method. The study recruited four AI non-specialist providers from the community to serve as IRP facilitators. Initial training involved an introductory motivational interviewing workshop followed by a 2-day workshop in the IRP curriculum. Then we conducted an open trial of the 6-week intervention with weekly supervision meetings as part of the facilitator training process. During the open trial we also assessed participant and facilitator receptivity to the IRP intervention and pilot tested our fidelity monitoring protocol. Results. The initial training workshops provided facilitators with information they needed to understand the rationale behind IRP and determine whether the facilitator role was a good fit; however, additional training and supervision during the open trial was needed to ensure proper treatment delivery. Although participant and facilitator feedback ratings were positive, the open trial helped us identify revisions needed to improve our approach to facilitator training, supervision, and fidelity monitoring. We revised these procedures, and also developed a protocol to train new facilitators who join the study midstream. Conclusion. The open trial was an important aspect of the facilitator training process and helped our team identify several areas of improvement. Our approach to training, supervising, and monitoring community member facilitators may serve as an example of how to overcome one barrier to implementing evidence-based SUD treatments in rural reservation communities with few mental health professionals.Item Political identity and risk politics: Evidence from a pandemic(Wiley, 2024-10) Raile, Eric D.; Haines, Pavielle; Raile, Amber N. W.; Shanahan, Elizabeth A.; Parker, David C. W.The way political identity serves as a foundation for political polarization in the United States permits elites to extend conflict rapidly to new issue areas. Further, the types of cognitive mechanisms and shortcuts used in the politically polarized information environment are similar to some of those used in risk perception. Consequently, political elites may easily create partisan risk positions, largely through politically focused social amplification of risk. The COVID-19 pandemic provided a natural experiment for testing predictions about such risk politics. We asked questions about pandemic-related views, behaviors, and policies at the outset of the pandemic in April 2020 and again in September 2020 via public opinion surveys. Our data and analyses focus primarily on a single state, with some analysis extended to four states. We begin by demonstrating strong linkages between political partisan identification on the one hand and support for co-partisan elites, use of partisan information sources, and support for co-partisan policies on the other hand. We then find evidence that pandemic risk positions correspond with partisan information sources and find support for a mechanism involving partisan-tinted evaluation of elite cues. Partisan risk positions quickly became part of the larger polarized structure of political support and views. Finally, our evidence shows on the balance that partisan risk positions related to the pandemic coalesced and strengthened over time. Overall, while self-identified Democrats consistently viewed the coronavirus as the primary threat, self-identified Republicans quickly pivoted toward threats to their freedoms and to the economy.Item Organic wheat: Lessons learned and challenges remaining(Wiley, 2024-09) Carr, Patrick M.Wheat has been an important part of the human diet for millennia. The increase in demand for wheat grown organically in the United States and globally reflects the growing interest in organic food and food products. A symposium on organic wheat production was held during the annual meeting of the American Society of Agronomy in Baltimore, MD, during 2021. Presenters discussed the state-of-the-science on organic wheat research. Papers were solicited following the symposium for inclusion in this special section. As a result, five papers are included in this special section: four focus on organic wheat research in North America while one discusses results of a European study.Item Assessing the reliability of a digital inclinometer app for measuring hip, knee, and ankle proprioception(Public Library of Science, 2024-09) Chirumbole, Sophia; Teater, Rachel H.; Bals, Megan M.; Richie, Daniel R.; Monfort, Scott M.; Chaudhari, Ajit M. W.Proprioception can be defined as the ability of an individual to detect motion and position of the various joints in their bodies. Current tools for measuring proprioception lack consensus on their accuracy and validity; they also each have their own limitations, and, furthermore, present barriers to use for clinicians. We propose a new and reliable method for evaluating hip, knee, and ankle proprioception by utilizing a digital inclinometer app to measure joint position sense. The digital inclinometer app recorded the active joint position sense error after each of five trials for the hip and knee joint and ten trials for the ankle joint. To quantify the reliability of the digital inclinometer app, single-measurement and average-measurement intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) along with the associated 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated for each joint’s position sense error across trials. Both the hip (ICC (2,k) = 0.849 (95% CI = [0.783–0.897])) and knee joint (ICC (2,k) = 0.837 (95% CI = [0.750–0.897])) were found to have moderate to good reliability when the middle three of five trials were analyzed. Unlike the hip and knee, moderate to good reliability for ankle proprioception (ICC (2,k) = 0.785 (95% CI = [0.539–0.893])) was only achieved with the middle eight of ten trials. The results of this study indicate that this digital inclinometer app is able to accurately record joint position sense at the hip, knee, and ankle when the appropriate number of trials are collected; thus, allowing this tool and methodology to be considered for use in both clinical and research environments to measure proprioception, and furthermore, quantify proprioceptive deficits.Item Two-photon absorption reveals low-energy excited states of a 2,5,8-triamino-heptazine chromophore(SPIE, 2024-06) Stark, Charles W.; Arak, Johanna; Trummal, Aleksander; Uudsemaa, Merle; Sildoja, Meelis-Mait; Pahapill, Juri; Rebane, AleksTriamino-heptazines (TAH's) comprise the fundamental building blocks of graphitic carbon nitride, an alluring material with promising applications in optoelectronics. However, the core D3h molecular symmetry enforces a forbidden lowest-energy excited singlet state, making it a challenge to characterize via conventional spectroscopy. Here, we measure oneand two-photon absorption spectra of an acidic form of triamino-heptazine, 3H-TAH, and use reversible acid/base titration to further probe the symmetry of the low-energy transitions in aqueous solution, which suggests the molecular base structure is dimelem. Two-photon absorption reveals two distinct low-energy transitions in acidic conditions, both of which are one-photon forbidden. The lowest energy state additionally becomes one-photon allowed in basic conditions. Spectroscopic changes can be described according to chromophore symmetry switching, with C3h, D3h, or Cs point group symmetry in respective acidic, neutral, or basic environments.Item Effects of lignin syringyl to guaiacyl ratio on cottonwood biochar adsorbent properties and performance(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2024-08) Muretta, Julie E.; Uriarte, Jade; Compton, Dalton; LaDouceur, Richard; Kirtley, John; Prieto-Centurion, DarioLignin syringyl to guaiacyl ratio (S/G) has long been suspected to have measurable impacts on biochar formation, but these effects are challenging to observe in biochars formed from whole biomass. When the model bioenergy feedstock Populus trichocarpa (cottonwood), with predictable lignin macromolecular structure tied to genetic variation, is used as feedstock for biochar production, these effects become visible. In this work, two P. trichocarpa variants having lignin S/G of 1.67 and 3.88 were ground and pyrolyzed at 700 °C. Water-demineralization of feedstock was used to simultaneously evaluate any synergistic influences of S/G and naturally-occurring potassium on biochar physicochemical properties and performance. The strongest effects of lignin S/G were observed on specific surface area (SBET) and oxygen-content, with S/G of 1.67 improving SBET by 11% and S/G of 3.88 increasing total oxygen content in demineralized biochars. Functional performance was evaluated by breakthrough testing in 1% NH3. Breakthrough times for biochars were nearly double that of a highly microporous activated carbon reference material, and biochar with S/G of 3.88 had 10% longer breakthrough time than its lower S/G corollary. Results support a combination of pore structure and oxygen-functionalities in controlling ammonia breakthrough for biochar.Item Child Incarceration and Maternal Alcohol Use: Disentangling Within- and Between-Person Processes(SAGE Publications, 2024-01) Greene, Kaylin; Warner, CodyHaving a child incarcerated can take a toll on the physical, psychological, and financial well-being of mothers. These factors could, in turn, affect behavioral outcomes of mothers, such as alcohol use patterns. Some mothers might drink to cope with the experience of having a child incarcerated, but others may reduce alcohol use for various reasons. Given these uncertainties, the authors examined the association between child incarceration and maternal alcohol consumption (i.e., any use, frequency, quantity, and binge drinking). Eight waves of nationally representative data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 cohort were linked with the National Longitudinal Survey Children and Young Adults (n = 3,837 mothers; 678 had children incarcerated). Multilevel generalized linear regression models showed that compared with mothers with no child incarceration, mothers of ever-incarcerated children were more likely to binge drink and consume more drinks when drinking (between-person effects). In contrast, following child incarceration, women consumed alcohol less frequently and were less likely to binge drink than they were prior to experiencing child incarceration (within-person effects). Additional research should focus on mechanisms that explain these opposing associations to identify protective factors and institutional supports for women whose children have been incarcerated.Item A New Species of Nemozoma Latreille, 1804 (Coleoptera: Cleroidea: Trogossitidae) from the French Antilles and New Distributional Records for Nemozoma fleutiauxi Lepesme, 1947(Coleopterists Society, 2024-09) Kippenhan, Michael G.Nemozoma lepesmei Kippenhan, new species is described and illustrated from specimens collected from the islands of Montserrat and Guadeloupe in the French Antilles. This new species is compared to other West Indian species and a key to the species known to inhabit the West Indies is provided. Recent distributional records for Nemozoma fleutiauxi Lepesme, 1947 are included.