Publications by Colleges and Departments (MSU - Bozeman)
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Item Exploration of opportunities to address the impacts of roads and traffic on wildlife in and around Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, and New River Gorge National Park and Preserve, West Virginia(Western Transportation Institute, 2024-12) Huijser, Marcel P.; Bell, Matthew A.This report explores the opportunities for wildlife mitigation in and around two national park units in West Virginia; Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, and New River Gorge National Park and Preserve. The wildlife mitigation measures that will be explored are aimed at: 1. Reducing wildlife-vehicle collisions with large mammals (i.e. coyote and larger), and thereby also improving human safety; 2. Reducing direct road mortality for Species of Greatest Conservation Need (SGCN); and 3. Reducing the barrier effect of roads and traffic and increasing habitat connectivity across major highways for large mammals (i.e. coyote and larger) and for SGCN species. In addition, this report specifically explores - based on a literature review - the potential to combine wildlife crossing structures with non-motorized human co-use (i.e. multi-functional crossing structures). This effort focuses on select trails for non-motorized use (hiking, bicycling, and equestrian trails).Item A Photovoltaic Self-Powered Volatile Organic Compounds Sensor Based on Asymmetric Geometry 2D MoS2 Diodes(The Electrochemical Society, 2024-09) Fawzy, Mirette; Reza Mohammadzadeh, Mohammad; Abnavi, Amin; De Silva, Thushani; Ahmadi, Ribwar; Ghanbari, Hamidreza; Kabir, Fahmid; Kavanagh, Karen L.; Hasani, Amirhossein; Adachi, Michael M.Transition metal dichalcogenides have gained considerable interest for vapour sensing applications due to their large surface-to-volume ratio and high sensitivity. Herein, we demonstrate a new self-powered volatile organic compounds (VOC) sensor based on asymmetric geometry multi-layer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) diode. The asymmetric contact geometry of the MoS2 diode induces an internal built-in electric field resulting in self-powering via a photovoltaic response. While illuminated by UV-light, the sensor exhibited a high responsivity of ∼60% with a relatively fast response time of ∼10 sec to 200 ppm of acetone, without an external bias voltage. The MoS2 VOC diode sensor is a promising candidate for self-powered, fast, portable, and highly sensitive VOC sensor applications.Item 2D MoSe2 Geometrically Asymmetric Schottky Photodiodes(Wiley, 2024-09) Ghanbari, Hamidreza; Abnavi, Amin; Ahmadi, Ribwar; Reza Mohammadzadeh, Mohammad; Fawzy, Mirette; Hasani, Amirhossein; Adachi, Michael M.Optoelectronic devices based on geometrically asymmetric architecture have recently attracted attention due to their high performance as photodetectors and simple fabrication process. Herein, a p-type 2D MoSe2 photodetector based on geometrically asymmetric contacts is reported for the first time. The device exhibits a high current rectification ratio of ≈104 and a large self-powered photovoltage responsivity of ≈4.38 × 107 V W−1, as well as a maximum photocurrent responsivity of ≈430 mA W−1 along with a response time of ≈2.3 ms under 470 nm wavelength at 3 V bias voltage. The photocurrent responsivity is further enhanced to an ultrahigh responsivity of ≈1615 mA W−1 by applying a gate bias voltage due to the electrostatic modulation of carrier concentration in the MoSe2 channel. The simple fabrication process of the geometrically asymmetric MoSe2 diodes along with their high photodetection and diode rectifying performance make them excellent candidates for electronic and optoelectronic applications.Item Bone infection evolution(Elsevier BV, 2024-10) Kruse Jensen, Louise; Top Hatmann, Katrine; Witzmann, Florian; Asbach, Patrick; Stewart, Philip S.The present minireview aims to provide a context for imagination of the timespan for bone infection evolution from the origin of cellular bone tissue to modern orthopedic surgery. From a phylogenetic osteomyelitis-bracketing perspective, and due to the time of osteocyte origin, bacteria might have been able to infect the skeleton for approximately 400 million years. Thereby, bone infections happened simultaneously with central expansions of the immune system and development of terrestrial bone structure. This co-evolution might aid in explaining the many immune evasion strategies seen in the field of bone infections. Bone infection patients with long disease-free periods followed by sudden recurrence and anamnesis of long-term and low-grade infections indicate that bacteria can perform silent parasitism within bone tissue (parasitism; one organism lives on another organism, the host, causing it harm and is structurally adapted to it). The silence seems to be disturbed by immunosuppression and the present minireview shows that a compromised immune system has been associated with bone infection development across all species in the phylogenetic tree. Orthopedic surgery, including arthroplasty and osteosynthesis, favor introduction of bacteria and prosthesis/implant related infections are thus anthropogenic infections (anthropogenic; resulting from the influence of human beings on nature). In that light it is important to remember that the skeleton and immune system have not evolved for millions of years to protect titanium alloys and other metals, commonly used for orthopedic devices from bacterial invasion. Therefore, these relatively new orthopedic infection types must be seen as distinct with unique implant/prosthesis related pathophysiology and immunology.Item Spring Activity of Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Associated with Cattle Dung in Central and Eastern Montana(Kansas Entomological Society, 2024-09) Nance, Jack T.; Goosey, Hayes B.Dung beetles improve soil health by speeding up the process of dung incorporation into the soil. This is facilitated by adult dung beetles burying large amounts of dung as provisions for their young, which can improve soil nutrient cycling and structure. Limited information exists on Montana dung beetle species, so we capitalized on an opportunity to collect a limited but valuable set of specimens during spring 2017. Here, we present rank abundance data from an observational study at five Montana sites. We collected adults using cow dung-baited traps at five sites. We report here on catches of Aphodiini, Onthohpagini, Canthonini, and Phanaeini in Montana, including three newly documented species. Our catches indicate that species of tunneler and roller dung beetle may vary across habitats and soil types, suggesting that conservationandenhancement of speciesItem The Overturning of Chevron Deference: Implications for the US Healthcare System(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2024-10) Bohler, Forrest; Brock, Callaham; Bohler, LilyIn 1984, Chevron deference was established by the US Supreme Court in Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., granting administrative agencies broad powers to interpret ambiguous laws passed by Congress. This landmark decision has fostered decades of controversy among legal scholars. Opponents argued it deprived courts of their constitutional duty and inappropriately expanded the power of the administrative state, while proponents claimed federal agencies, staffed by experts in their field, possess specialized knowledge to most effectively accomplish the goals of Congress. In June 2024, the Supreme Court’s ruling in Loper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo effectively ended Chevron deference, altering the judicial landscape with significant implications for US healthcare. In this commentary, we discuss the various potential benefits and challenges that the US healthcare system will face in a post-Chevron landscape while also considering the ways in which clinicians will be expected to help address these obstacles.Item The Benkar Fault Zone: An Orogen-Scale Cross Fault in the Eastern Nepal Himalaya(GeoScienceWorld, 2024-10) Giri, Bibek; Hubbard, Mary; McDonald, Christopher S.; Seifert, Neil; KC, BishalThe Benkar Fault Zone (BFZ) is a recently recognized, NNE-striking, brittle to ductile, cross fault that cuts across the dominant metamorphic fabric of the Greater Himalayan Sequence (GHS) and the Lesser Himalayan Sequence (LHS) in eastern Nepal. 40Ar/39Ar-muscovite cooling ages along a transect across the BFZ in the GHS indicate movement younger than 12 Ma. To understand the mode of genesis, and seismo-tectonic implications of the BFZ, we mapped this fault from the Everest region in the upper Khumbu valley toward the south, across the Main Central Thrust, into the LHS and the Greater Himalayan Nappe. We recognize a series of cross faults segments, which we interpret the BFZ system. The currently mapped section of the BFZ is >100 km long, and its width is up to 4 km in the LHS. The BFZ is semi-ductile in the GHS region but is brittle in the south, where it is expressed as gouge zones, tectonically brecciated zones, sharp fault planes, and segments of nonpenetrative brittle deformation zones. From petrographic and kinematic analysis, we interpret largely a right-lateral, extensional sense of shear. Our work did not continue into the Sub-Himalaya, but the BFZ may continue through this zone into the foreland as documented in other Himalayan cross faults. While several genetic models have been proposed for cross faults in the Himalaya and other convergent orogens, we suggest that the BFZ may be related to extensional structures in Tibet. Understanding cross faults is not only important for the tectonic history of the Himalaya but due to the co-location of cross faults and seismogenic boundaries, there may be a causal relationship. Cross faults also follow many of the north-south river segments of the Himalaya and weakened fault rocks on the valley walls may enhance the landslide hazard in these areas.Item Accuracy of Whitebark Pine and Limber Pine Identification by Forest Inventory and Analysis Field Crews(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2024-09) Williams, Shayla R.; Steed, James E.; Morrone, Jeremy; Lavin, Matt; Dodson, Erich Kyle; Simons, Rachel E.Accurate identification of whitebark and limber pine has become increasingly important following the 2022 listing of whitebark pine as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act. However, morphological similarities make identification of the two species difficult where ranges overlap. Using a genetic test that differentiates whitebark and limber pine, we compared field identification by Forest Inventory and Analysis field crews with genetic identification for needle samples from 371 trees. Field identifications were 100% correct for the 76 samples collected from outside regions of species’ range overlap. A total of 83% of the field identifications were correct in regions of range overlap (89% for large trees, 88% for saplings, and 78% for seedlings). Field-identified samples were correct 60% of the time for limber pine and >99% for whitebark pine. Random forests analysis revealed that identification accuracy is influenced by crew experience, large (≥ 12.7cm diameter) limber or whitebark pines recorded by field crews on the plot, elevation, Julian day of sample collection, and habitat type. We found that whitebark pine has likely been underestimated, and limber pine overestimated, within their overlapping ranges. We provide insights on improving accuracy of future monitoring where these species overlap.Item Increased Formation of Trions and Charged Biexcitons by Above-Gap Excitation in Single-layer WSe2(American Chemical Society, 2024-11) Strasbourg, Matthew; Yanev, Emanuil; Parvez, Sheikh; Afrin, Sajia; Johns, Cory; Noble, Zoe; Darlington, Thomas; Grumstrup, Erik M.; Hone, James; Schuck, P. James; Borys, Nicholas J.Two-dimensional semiconductors exhibit pronounced many-body effects and intense optical responses due to strong Coulombic interactions. Consequently, subtle differences in photoexcitation conditions can strongly influence how the material dissipates energy during thermalization. Here, using multiple excitation spectroscopies, we show that a distinct thermalization pathway emerges at elevated excitation energies, enhancing the formation of trions and charged biexcitons in single-layer WSe2 by up to 2× and 5× , respectively. Power- and temperature-dependent measurements lend insights into the origin of the enhancement. These observations underscore the complexity of excited state relaxation in monolayer semiconductors, provide insights for the continued development of carrier thermalization models, and highlight the potential to precisely control excitonic yields and probe nonequilibrium dynamics in 2D semiconductors.Item Width-dependent continuous growth of atomically thin quantum nanoribbons from nanoalloy seeds in chalcogen vapor(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2024-11) Li, Xufan; Wyss, Samuel; Yanev, Emanuil; Li, Qing-Jie; Wu, Shuang; Sun, Yongwen; Unocic, Raymond R.; Stage, Joseph; Strasbourg, Matthew; Sassi, Lucas M.; Zhu, Yingxin; Li, Ju; Yang, Yang; Hone, James; Borys, Nicholas; Schuck, P. James; Harutyunyan, Avetik R.Nanoribbons (NRs) of atomic layer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) can boost the rapidly emerging field of quantum materials owing to their width-dependent phases and electronic properties. However, the controllable downscaling of width by direct growth and the underlying mechanism remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate the vapor-liquid-solid growth of single crystal of single layer NRs of a series of TMDs (MeX2: Me = Mo, W; X = S, Se) under chalcogen vapor atmosphere, seeded by pre-deposited and respective transition metal-alloyed nanoparticles that also control the NR width. We find linear dependence of growth rate on supersaturation, known as a criterion for continues growth mechanism, which decreases with decreasing of NR width driven by the Gibbs-Thomson effect. The NRs show width-dependent photoluminescence and strain-induced quantum emission signatures with up to ≈ 90% purity of single photons. We propose the path and underlying mechanism for width-controllable growth of TMD NRs for applications in quantum optoelectronics.