Theses and Dissertations at Montana State University (MSU)
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Item The effects of self-feeding various levels of safflower hulls in pellet form for maintaining yearling ewes(Montana State University - Bozeman, 1964) Brownson, RogerItem Bacterial leaf and stem blight of safflower in Montana : its epidemiology, sources of resistance and inheritance of resistance(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 1982) Jacobs, Darrel LeeItem Evaluation of seed vigor tests for safflower(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 1987) Luth, DianeItem Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) tissue culture and transformation using Agrobacterium tumefaciens(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 1991) Ying, MiaochengItem Production of diesel fuel from safflower oil by a soap-pyrolysis process(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Engineering, 1988) Kufeld, Scott EricItem Evaluation of safflower seed size, length (shape), and density in relation to seed vigor and oil content(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 1983) Wichman, David MichaelStand establishment and weed control are two major problems in dryland safflower production in the Northern Great Plains. Improving stand establishment would improve weed control through competition. Selecting seed that is large and has high density could improve seedling vigor thus improve stand establishment. However, selecting large, high density seed would be selecting lower oil type seed for reproduction. The purpose of these studies is to evaluate the use of seed size, length (shape), and density of a safflower bulk population in improving seedling vigor while maintaining or improving oil content of the population. To investigate this problem, safflower seed of the 1981 Sidney bulk population, its 1982 progeny grown at Havre, and the cultivars Hartman, S-208, and S-541 grown at several locations, were classified by size, length, density, and evaluated for oil content and seedling vigor. Seed size was based on seed diameter as determined by slotted screens. A laboratory indent cylinder was used to classify seed by length. Seed density classes were obtained using water-alcohol solutions, Caldwell forced air fan, and an Oregon continuous seed blower. Seed oil content was determined by wide-line nuclear magnetic resonance. Emerged seedling weights were used to evaluate seed vigor in field and greenhouse studies. The large, high density or longer seed, within each seed lot, was found to have more seedling vigor and lower oil content than the small, low density or short seed. Sidney bulk seed in the short class appeared to be more oval in shape and to have less hull in the basal area than the unseparated seed. The relationship of oil content to seed size, length (shape) and density, when compared across cultivars Hartman, S-208, and S-541, did not follow the same pattern as was found within seed lots. S-541 seed had the highest oil content but it also had the highest seed density and was intermediate to Hartman and S-208 seed in size and length.Item The effects of feeding high-linoleic safflower seeds on estrus synchronization in beef heifers(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 2014) Spence, Kaitlyn Claire; Co-chairs, Graduate Committee: Glenn Duff and Janice G. P. BowmanThe objectives of these studies were to investigate the effects of feeding high-linoleic cracked safflower seeds on reproductive and performance outcomes in pubertal beef heifers. Three experiments were conducted at Montana State University research facilities (Exp. 1, n = 48, BW = 370 ± 24.8 kg; Exp. 2, n = 40, BW = 396.5 ± 31.7 kg; Exp. 3, n = 63, BW = 404.4 ± 26.14 kg). Angus and Angus crossbred heifers were stratified by BW and allocated randomly to the following experimental treatments; 1) fed 1.8 kg/d barley grain concentrate (Barley); or, 2) fed 1.8 kg/d of high linoleic cracked safflower seed (Safflower). Heifers were fed 35 and 29 d, Exp. 1, Exp. 2 and 3. Following the feeding period, heifers (Exp. 1 and 2) were artificially inseminated (AI) 12 h after the onset of estrus, and heifers that did not show estrus were administered 25 mg of PGF 2 alpha and time AI. A 7-d CO-synch + CIDR and TAI protocol was used for heifers in Exp. 3. Performance variables included initial and final BW, live wt gain, ADG, and DMI (Exp. 1 and 2). Biweekly blood samples were assayed for progesterone (P4) and PGF 2 alpha metabolites (PGFM) concentrations (Exp. 1). Estrus responses were observed using Estrotect tags, heifers with progesterone (P4) < 1 ng/mL were not included in the calculation. Pregnancy rates were determined 40 d post breeding. Performance variables did not differ between barley and safflower treatments with the exception of DMI in Exp. 2. Heifers supplemented with barley consumed 21% more (P < 0.001) DM per d than heifer fed safflower. In Exp. 1, overall pregnancy rates were greater in safflower supplemented heifers than in barley supplemented heifers (P = 0.036). Pooled PGFM concentrations differed by day (P < 0.05) in Exp. 1. Results suggest supplemental high linoleic safflower seed does not appear to influence estrus response or PGFM concentrations in pubertal beef heifers.Item Influence of colostrum from safflower supplemented ewes on lamb cold tolerance and lamb growth(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 2008) Robinson, Brenda Lee; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Rodney Kott; Patrick G. Hatfield (co-chair)Five hundred, ninety-seven and 643 white face range ewes were used in a 2 year study, respectively, in a 3-way factorial arrangement to determine effect of supplemental linoleic oil on lamb serum metabolites, thermogenesis and lamb growth. During the last 45 ± 4 days of gestation ewes were group fed a daily supplement of either 0.23 kg·ewe-1·d-1 whole safflower seed (SS) or 0.34 kg·ewe-1·d-1 whole barley (C). Colostrum was collected from each supplement treatment and pooled according to treatment. At parturition, twin born lambs received either SS or C pooled colostrum. One h postpartum, lambs were placed in a 0°C dry cold chamber for 30 min. and lamb rectal temperature was recorded at one min intervals. Blood samples were taken prior to and after cold exposure. Lamb weights were taken at birth, turnout and weaning for growth. There was no difference (P > 0.10) in body temperatures between lambs born to ewes supplemented with SS vs. C or between lambs given pooled colostrum form SS or C supplemented ewes. At 0 minutes lambs born to SS supplemented ewes had lower glucose (P = 0.05), total protein (P = 0.05) and NEFA (P = 0.003) and higher BUN (P = 0.03) than lambs from C supplemented ewes. Lambs from SS supplemented ewes had lower NEFA (P = 0.01) after cold exposure (30 minutes). Total protein concentration was similar in year 1 but lower (P < 0.01) in year 2. Concentrations of aGP were higher in lambs from SS supplemented ewes at both 0 and 30 min in year 1. Lambs from SS ewes had higher (P < 0.01) blood aGP levels at both 0 and 30 min in year 1 than in year 2. No differences (P > 0.30) were detected between lambs from SS ewes vs. C for changes in any blood metabolites measured during cold stress period. No differences (P > 0.12) were detected for average date of birth, number of lambs born, number of lambs present at turnout and weaning or for weight of lambs at turnout or weaning for ewes receiving either SS or C supplements.Item Effect of supplemental safflower seed and vitamin E to late gestating ewes on lamb growth and thermogenesis(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 2006) Dafoe, Julia Mae; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Patrick G. Hatfield.Fifty-one twin bearing Targhee ewes (Trial 1) and 1182 single and twin bearing white face range ewes (Trial 2) were used in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to determine the effect of supplemental energy source and level of vitamin E on lamb serum metabolites and thermogenesis (Trial 1), and lamb growth (Trial 2). During the last 30 d of gestation, ewes were individually (Trial 1) or group (Trial 2) fed a daily supplement. Supplements were: 226 g safflower seeds (SS) and either 350 (VE) or 0 (VC) IU vitamin E or 340 g of a grain-based supplement (GC) and either VE or VC. One h postpartum in Trial 1, twin born lambs were placed in a 0oC dry cold chamber for 30 min. Lamb rectal temperature was recorded every 60 s and blood samples were taken immediately before and after cold exposure. . In Trial 2 lambs were weighed at birth, turnout and weaning. Ewes were weighed at turnout and weaning. During the cold exposure in Trial 1, lambs from SSVC ewes had the lowest (P = 0.01) body temperature, a decrease (P < 0.08) in NEFA concentration, and an increase (P = 0.06) in serum glucose while lambs born to GCVC ewes had a decrease in serum glucose.