Scholarship & Research
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Item Nkʷuwils: becoming one through Sqelixʷ education(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Education, Health & Human Development, 2017) Munson, Michael; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: William Ruff; Jioanna Carjuzaa (co-chair)To carry the hope envisioned by the Elders and ancestors who have come before us, it is our duty as Séliš and Ql'ispé peoples of The Flathead Reservation, to stand together to redefine success for our children--to re-imagine a system of education that realizes deeper understandings of our traditional languages and cultures, stronger identity, greater pride, higher rates of achievement as determined by our people, and better preparation for our children to live in the best way possible, as strong and proud contributors and leaders for our communities. Guided by teachings passed on since time immemorial, we can meld our traditional languages, cultures, educational strategies, practices, and lifeways with high expectations to provide an education that prepares our children to lead our communities, state, nation and world in spiritual, cultural, linguistic, emotional, physical, and academic ways. The information gathered within this work has been informed by informal conversations with Sqelixʷ Elders, their children, and their grandchildren, which have followed Sqelixʷ life ways to work towards finding a consensus. This collaborative work offers seven key considerations to remember in regards to understanding and carrying on Sqelixʷ education and lifeways: 1) Nkʷuwilš (Intergenerational Nature); 2) St̓ulix̣ Sʔac̓c̓x̣s łut Sqlqelixʷ (Sqelixʷ Worldview; 3) Ɫus Nqwtnaqsms łu Spx̣pax̣t (Importance of Spirituality; 4) Putʔem u Nćxʷlew̓s (Respect and Relationships); 5) X̣est Sm̓im̓eyem łul Scxʷlxʷlt (Appropriate Teachings Throughout Lifetime; 6) Nttelšm u Nttelšmis (Willingness and Wantingness); and, 7) Sxʷiććš łu č̓ Sqlqelixʷ (Contribution to Community). The findings redefine education for our Sqelixʷ people, from womb until we continue our journeys into life with our ancestors. In fact, the key understandings shared are so robust they identify holistic ways of being - as educators, as learners, as people guided by respect, love, hope, spirituality, contribution to community, and so many other values - Sqelixʷ values. They remind us how to live in the best way, with and for our people. This work solidifies the idea that education for Indigenous communities is best when it is defined by the community. It adds an example for others to use as a reference while working with their own Indigenous communit(ies) globally.Item The effectiveness of Business Week(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Business, 1993) Alzheimer, Timothy Charles; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Norman L. MillikinThe major purpose of this study was to determine to what extent, if any, Business Week had on career choices and college selections of high school sophomores and juniors that previously attended the week long program. The population selected included students that attended Business Week during the 1988, 1989, and 1990 sessions. The sample size was 200 students selected from the population. Data were gathered through a literature review and a survey instrument. A 43% response rate was received on the survey instrument, which was carried out via parcel post. The main conclusions of this study were: (1) Business Week is successful in reaching those students that plan on attending college following graduation from high school (88.1% of those surveyed went on to post secondary schools); (2) Business Week positively influenced 55.9% of the students in regards to career choice; (3) Business Week had only a 30.5% positive influence on students choice of college; (4) Students that attended Business Week attended to learn more about business and economic issues (87.2% positive responses), as well as to spend a week on a college campus (77.6% positive responses); (5) Business Week has a good reputation of delivering information in regards to business and economic issues (95.3% positive responses); and (6) students would attend Business Week again if given the opportunity (89.5% positive responses). Recommendations would be to: (1) maintain the present size of classes and companies at Business Week; (2) continue to hold Business Week on the campus of Montana State University; (3) allow high school seniors the opportunity to participate in Business Week; (4) make sure high school teachers are receiving and sharing information concerning Business Week with their students.Item An assessment of equine assisted growth learning association and professional association of therapeutic horsemanship programs in Montana(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 2014) Prechter, Amy Kristine; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Shannon ArnoldIn Montana, there are a limited number of programs offering equine assisted services. Equine assisted therapies and learning activities are gaining popularity as a modern, alternative form of human therapy and learning. Services may include equine assisted or facilitated psychotherapy, equine assisted or facilitated learning, and therapeutic riding. Professional associations such as PATH Intl. and EAGALA have become the industry standards and paved the way for program development and growth. This study examined the structure of Equine Assisted Growth and Learning Association (EAGALA) and the Professional Association of Therapeutic Riding International (Path Intl.) programs in Montana. The study also described factors and experiences that influence these programs and a professional logic model was developed based on results. Six individual case studies were conducted to describe and assess the structure of EAGALA and PATH Intl. programs in Montana. Four individual cases within Montana as well as the two national associations were examined. This qualitative case study utilized a series of interviews and the collection of unobtrusive data from each case. Content analysis was used to analyze and code the data into common themes. Data were further analyzed within and across-cases to develop common classification themes (Creswell, 2013; Hatch, 2002; Yin, 2009 ). Findings revealed there is an increasing demand for quality, professional equine therapy programs in Montana. To implement and maintain programs, several common needs were identified across cases including assistance in marketing and promotion of programs, training on business planning and management practices, improved access to funding and capital resources, and building communication and networking opportunities between programs and within communities. To better meet these needs, national associations must provide more continuing education, workshops and trainings, and develop curriculum and educational resources for local programs. The conclusions confirmed that programs must be structured and maintained using high professional standards in accordance with national association guidelines to offer quality services. A logic model was developed based on findings to assist programs in creating this professional framework. By doing so, program directors and national associations can continue to create and expand impactful programs for all populations.Item Community education on stroke : early recognition and timely access to healthcare(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Nursing, 2009) Stobie, Paula Anna; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Susan LuparellIn 2006, data collected from a hospital emergency room centrally located in Sanders County, Montana revealed that 33% of patients presenting with possible stroke symptoms were eligible to be evaluated for treatment with a potentially life-saving intervention. As a member of the community, I felt this rate of treatment could be improved. Review of data from state and national sources showed similar treatment statistics nationwide. One consistent suggestion in the literature for improving stroke detection and treatment was for increased public education. As a result of these findings I developed, presented, and evaluated a community-based education presentation on stroke symptoms and treatment. Knowledge about stroke symptoms and treatment was measured prior to the presentation and again afterwards with a pre- and post-test tool. Results of this testing showed overall improvement in the audience's knowledge. On-going evaluation of emergency room data to assess for an improved percentage of persons being treated was beyond the scope of this project. Information discovered in a review of the literature consistently points out that late arrival to the Emergency Department is one of the major reasons people are not being treated for stroke, and most sources call specifically for increased public awareness regarding stroke and treatment available. This project served to educate a small population of people in a county with multiple risk factors for stroke. Although ongoing refinement and data collection are needed, continued use of this educational tool may serve to improve treatment of stroke, potentially decreasing the death and disability attributed to stroke in this county.