Urban Imperviousness, Stormwater Management, And The Potential Resurgence Of Castor Canadensis In The Greater Kansas City Metropolitan Region

Abstract

The North American beaver (Castor canadensis) historically played a vital ecological role in shaping landscapes through dam building. Human activities, including trapping and habitat alterations, led to a drastic reduction in C. canadensis populations. However, recent rebounding populations provide an opportunity to explore the potential of C. canadensis as a solution to contemporary environmental challenges, particularly in urban areas characterized by increased impervious surfaces and stormwater runoff. My study focuses on the Greater Kansas City metropolitan region, using remote sensing techniques to quantify the rate of increase in impervious surfaces, identify current C. canadensis populations, and estimate potentially suitable habitats. My NDVI analysis reveals impervious surfaces have increased 903 to 1,042 ha/yr from 2001 to 2023, indicating urbanization trends. Through spatial analysis, I identified more than 75 stream reaches of potential C. canadensis habitat based on intrinsic variables such as upstream imperviousness and a buffer between the stream channel and human development using a reference habitat in Overland Park. The results highlight a potential mismatch between the distribution of C. canadensis populations and areas impacted by urban stormwater runoff, as identified C. canadensis populations were predominantly found in rural areas with the only exception being the single reference population in Overland Park. Hydrological and water quality impacts associated with C. canadensis dams are explored, demonstrating their potential to attenuate water flow, increase groundwater recharge, and influence surface inundation dynamics. Water quality impacts, including sediment and nutrient storage, vary across biomes, emphasizing the importance of local conditions. This research provides valuable insights into the dynamic relationship between C. canadensis populations, urbanization, and stormwater management. As cities continue to grapple with environmental challenges, understanding the ecological role of C. canadensis in mitigating urban impacts becomes crucial for sustainable and cost-effective urban planning and restoration efforts.