Origin and Evolution of Flavin-Based Electron Bifurcating Enzymes

dc.contributor.authorPoudel, Saroj
dc.contributor.authorDunham, Eric C.
dc.contributor.authorLindsay, Melody R.
dc.contributor.authorAmenabar, Maximiliano J.
dc.contributor.authorFones, Elizabeth M.
dc.contributor.authorColman, Daniel R.
dc.contributor.authorBoyd, Eric S.
dc.date.accessioned2018-09-14T21:24:45Z
dc.date.available2018-09-14T21:24:45Z
dc.date.issued2018-08
dc.description.abstractTwelve evolutionarily unrelated oxidoreductases form enzyme complexes that catalyze the simultaneous coupling of exergonic and endergonic oxidation–reduction reactions to circumvent thermodynamic barriers and minimize free energy loss in a process known as flavin-based electron bifurcation. Common to these 12 bifurcating (Bf) enzymes are protein-bound flavin, the proposed site of bifurcation, and the electron carrier ferredoxin. Despite the documented role of Bf enzymes in balancing the redox state of intracellular electron carriers and in improving the efficiency of cellular metabolism, a comprehensive description of the diversity and evolutionary history of Bf enzymes is lacking. Here, we report the taxonomic distribution, functional diversity, and evolutionary history of Bf enzyme homologs in 4,588 archaeal, bacterial, and eukaryal genomes and 3,136 community metagenomes. Bf homologs were primarily detected in the genomes of anaerobes, including those of sulfate-reducers, acetogens, fermenters, and methanogens. Phylogenetic analyses of Bf enzyme catalytic subunits (oxidoreductases) suggest they were not a property of the Last Universal Common Ancestor of Archaea and Bacteria, which is consistent with the limited and unique taxonomic distributions of enzyme homologs among genomes. Further, phylogenetic analyses of oxidoreductase subunits reveal that non-Bf homologs predate Bf homologs. These observations indicate that multiple independent recruitments of flavoproteins to existing oxidoreductases enabled coupling of numerous new electron Bf reactions. Consistent with the role of these enzymes in the energy metabolism of anaerobes, homologs of Bf enzymes were enriched in metagenomes from subsurface environments relative to those from surface environments. Phylogenetic analyses of homologs from metagenomes reveal that the earliest evolving homologs of most Bf enzymes are from subsurface environments, including fluids from subsurface rock fractures and hydrothermal systems. Collectively, these data suggest strong selective pressures drove the emergence of Bf enzyme complexes via recruitment of flavoproteins that allowed for an increase in the efficiency of cellular metabolism and improvement in energy capture in anaerobes inhabiting a variety of subsurface anoxic habitats where the energy yield of oxidation-reduction reactions is generally low.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipUnited States Department of Energy, Office of Science, and Basic Energy Sciences under Award # DE-SC0012518en_US
dc.identifier.citationPoudel, S., Dunham, E. C., Lindsay, M. R., Amenabar, M. J., Fones, E. M., Colman, D. R., & Boyd, E. S. (2018). Origin and Evolution of Flavin-Based Electron Bifurcating Enzymes. Frontiers in Microbiology, 9. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.01762en_US
dc.identifier.issn1664-302X
dc.identifier.urihttps://scholarworks.montana.edu/handle/1/14840
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.rightsCC BY, This license lets you distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon this work, even commercially, as long as you credit the original creator for this work. This is the most accommodating of licenses offered. Recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials.en_US
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcodeen_US
dc.titleOrigin and Evolution of Flavin-Based Electron Bifurcating Enzymesen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
mus.citation.journaltitleFrontiers in Microbiologyen_US
mus.citation.volume9en_US
mus.contributor.orcidDunham, Eric C.|0000-0002-2883-2293en_US
mus.data.thumbpage5en_US
mus.identifier.categoryLife Sciences & Earth Sciencesen_US
mus.identifier.doi10.3389/fmicb.2018.01762en_US
mus.relation.collegeCollege of Letters & Scienceen_US
mus.relation.departmentMicrobiology & Immunology.en_US
mus.relation.universityMontana State University - Bozemanen_US

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