Theoretical analysis of thiobacillus ferrooxidans for enhanced, non-invasive bioremediation of dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide in subaqueous soils using organic remediation cell technology

Abstract

Dimethyl sulfide (DMS, (CH₃)₂S) is a volatile, colorless liquid with a characteristic sulfurous odor, and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS, (CH₃S)₂) is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a pungent odor. Both are organic sulfur compounds from pulp mill black liquor waste, pose a significant threat to subaqueous soil environments. They are often released into these environments through industrial activities like spills and discharge that have been untreated. Subaqueous soils, permanently submerged underwater in areas like wetlands and estuaries, are vital components of aquatic ecosystems, serving as natural filters, nutrient sinks, and habitats. The introduction of DMS and DMDS disrupts these critical environments. Traditional remediation methods, such as dredging and aeration, are challenging due to the unique conditions of subaqueous soils and the exorbitant costs. Innovative and sustainable remediation strategies are crucial for the health and stability of these vital ecosystems. My paper explores the potential of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, a chemoautolithotrophic bacterium, coupled with organic remediation cell technology (ORC), as a novel bioremediation approach for DMS/DMDS-contaminated subaqueous soils. T. ferrooxidans is a rod-shaped bacterium that oxidizes iron and sulfur through metabolic processes. T. ferrooxidans can grow anaerobically on sulfur substrates using ferric iron as an electron acceptor and exhibits a broad temperature tolerance, making it an ideal candidate for this application. ORC technology offers a promising synergistic approach. A single-cell microbial fuel cell (MFC) design has demonstrated the ability of anaerobic microbes to use petroleum contaminants for power generation while simultaneously facilitating bioremediation. This technology reduces the need for conventional aeration methods, a significant advantage in oxygen-limited subaqueous environments. Theoretically, an ORC chamber, potentially housing T. ferrooxidans, could be inserted into a subaqueous environment to break down DMS and DMDS safely and cost-effectively. My paper will delve into the theoretical framework of this combined approach, using existing research, chemical processes, and bacterial methods to assess its feasibility and potential efficacy in remediating DMS/DMDS-contaminated subaqueous soils. My paper aims to contribute to this emerging field by exploring a non-invasive, cost-effective, and potentially transformative solution for remediating these contaminated environments.