Browsing by Author "Gaskin, John F."

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Managing invasive plants on Great Plains grasslands: A discussion of current challenges
(2020-05) Gaskin, John F.; Espeland, Erin; Johnson, Casey D.; Larson, Diane L.; Mangold, Jane M.; McGee, Rachel A.; Milner, Chuck; Paudel, Shishir; Pearson, Dean E.; Perkins, Lora B.; Prosser, Chadley W.; Runyon, Justin B.; Sing, Sharlene E.; Sylvain, Zachary A.; Symstad, Amy J.; Tekiela, Daniel R.
The Great Plains of North America encompass approximately 1,300,000 km2 of land from Texas to Saskatchewan. The integrity of these lands is under continual assault by long-established and newly-arrived invasive plant species, which can threaten native species and diminish land values and ecological goods and services by degrading desired grassland resources. The Great Plains are a mixture of privately and publicly owned lands, which leads to a patchwork of varying management goals and strategies for controlling invasive plants. Continually updated knowledge is required for efficient and effective management of threats posed by changing environments and invasive plants. Here we discuss current challenges, contemporary management strategies, and management tools and their integration, in hopes of presenting a knowledge resource for new and experienced land managers and others involved in making decisions regarding invasive plant management in the Great Plains.
Variation in reproductive mode across the latitudinal range of invasive Russian knapweed
(Oxford University Press, 2022-07) Gaskin, John F.; Littlefield, Jeffrey L.; Rand, Tatyana A.; West, Natalie M.
For invading species, reproduction is a critical determinant of population establishment as well as spread into new areas. When species have multiple modes of reproduction, the prevalence of different modes can influence management decisions. We used genetic markers to determine the prevalent method of recruitment for invasive Russian knapweed (Acroptilon repens). This species forms patches and can spread by both rhizomic growth and seed from outcrossing. We found no shared genotypes between 41 western North American populations, indicating at the macroscale, Russian knapweed is spreading via seed to distant locations. We also examined drivers of reproductive mode by comparing clonality with large-scale environmental factors across the invasion. We found a correlation between latitude and clonal versus seed reproduction, with clonality higher in northern latitude populations. This trend was associated most parsimoniously with decreasing maximum annual temperature and 30-year average of available growing degree days, and increasing soil organic carbon content. These results have management implications: if not properly temporally implemented, grazing or herbicide applications that create open spaces for recruitment may increase the likelihood of Russian knapweed patch persistence through seed, and recently released galling biological control agents in North America may be less effective in northern latitudes where Russian knapweed spread by seed is less prevalent.