Browsing by Author "Huang, Jinwen"

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Lentil Response to Nitrogen Application and Rhizobia Inoculation
(2016-11) Huang, Jinwen; Keshavarz-Afshar, Reza; Chen, Chengci
Lentils (Lens culinaris L.) are an important component of the dryland farming systems in the western USA. Optimum nitrogen (N) management can enhance yield and quality of lentils. We conducted a field (at two locations, one with previous history of lentil and the other one without lentil history) and a greenhouse study to evaluate response of lentil to the application of rhizobium inoculant and starter N (control, 22 kg N ha(-1) in the form of urea [U], 22 kg N ha(-1) in the form of slow-release or environmentally safe nitrogen [ESN], and 22 kg N ha(-1) U + 22 kg N ha(-1) ESN). In both, the field and the laboratory studies, lentil yield did not respond positively to the experimental treatments. Lentil average yield was 1216 and 1420 kg ha(-1) at the field condition. In this rain-fed system, lentil yield was mainly limited by moisture availability, and the application of an external N did not contribute to the yield enhancement. Both of these treatments, however, increased protein content. Compared to the control, the application of rhizobium plus U and ESN enhanced protein content by about 34% (from 23.1 to 30.9%). The application of U+ ESN also considerably increased postharvest residual nitrate (NO3)-N in the soil, which can be easily leached and creates environmental pollution. Briefly, the application of U+ ESN increases lentil protein content, but more efforts are needed to optimize N management in lentils in order to reduce the environmental concerns in the shallow soil.
Variation in Yield, Starch, and Protein of Dry Pea Grown across Montana
(2017-05) Tao, Aifen; Afshar, Reza Keshavarz; Huang, Jinwen; Mohammed, Yesuf Assen; Espe, Matthew; Chen, Chengci
Pea (Pisum sativum L.) has long been an important component of the human diet, providing an excellent source of protein. In addition to its protein, pea starch, especially resistant starch (RS), has received an extensive attention in food industries in recent years. We evaluated nine pea cultivars varying in cotyledon color, grain weight, maturity group, and phenology planted at five locations with diverse climatic conditions across Montana in 2013 and 2014 to assess genetic and environmental factors affecting their yield, protein, RS, and total starch (TS). Grain yield varied from 982 to 5951 kg ha(-1), RS content ranged from 5 to 53 g kg(-1), and protein from 159 to 251 g kg(-1). Statistical analysis showed that environment was the most important driving factor in grain yield, protein, and TS determination whereas RS content was mainly determined by cultivar. Drought at all phenological stages reduced pea yield and different cultivars tended to respond differently. Yield was positively correlated with protein, implying a potential to select/breed a cultivar with higher yield and protein. Protein was negatively correlated with TS, thus protein-or starch-type cultivars may be bred for different end users. Compared to other cultivars tested, DS Admiral was the most promising one with above average yield, protein, and RS.