Browsing by Author "Mohammed, Yesuf A."

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Camelina Seed Yield and Fatty Acids as Influenced by Genotype and Environment
(2017-05) Obour, Augustine K.; Obeng, Eric; Mohammed, Yesuf A.; Ciampitti, Ignacio A.; Durett, Timothy P.; Aznar-Moreno, Jose A.; Chen, Chengci
Camelina (Camelina sativa L. Crantz) is an alternative oil-seed crop with potential for fallow replacement in dryland cereal-based crop production systems in the semiarid Great Plains. The interaction between genotype and environment was investigated on camelina seed yield, oil content, and fatty acid composition across two locations in the U.S. Great Plains. Treatments were three spring camelina genotypes (cultivars Blaine Creek, Pronghorn, and Shoshone), three growing seasons (2013, 2014, and 2015) and two locations (at Hays, KS, and Moccasin, MT). Results showed camelina grown at Hays yielded 54% less than that at Moccasin. Blaine Creek yielded 17 and 42% more than Pronghorn and Shoshone at Hays but yields were not different among genotypes at Moccasin. Oil content ranged from 262 g kg(-1) at Hays to 359 g kg(-1) at Moccasin. The proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) ranged from 51% at Hays to 55% at Moccasin, whereas monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and saturated fatty acid (SFA) contents were greater at Hays. The linolenic acid content ranged from 26% when Pronghorn was planted at Hays to 35% when planted at Moccasin. In general, the variations in seed yield and fatty acid profile corresponded well with growing season precipitation and temperatures at each environment.
Evaluation of Dry Peas (Pisum sativum L.) Varieties for Seedling Vigor Indices in Eastern Montana
(2018-12) Walia, Maninder K.; Mohammed, Yesuf A.; Chen, Chengci
Genetic and environmental factors lead to a variation in yield and protein content of dry pea (Pisum sativum L.) seeds. The quality of seed, particularly seed vigor, also influences the establishment of crop and thus final grain yield. The area and production for dry peas are increasing in the Northern Great Plains but knowledge is lacking on how the pea lines/varieties differ in the seed vigor at seven leaf stage. This field and greenhouse study evaluated the eight dry pea lines/varieties for seedling vigor indices and correlated them with grain yield and protein concentrations. Significant differences were observed among the lines/varieties for nodule number plant(-1) in greenhouse, and grain yield in field conditions. The highest number of nodules plant(-1) was obtained with the line MT632, which were at par with lines MT457, and MT190. The highest Vigor Index I was achieved with line MT632 associated with their more shoot lengths as compared to other lines/varieties. The highest Vigor Index II was obtained by variety Majoret and line MT632. The variety DS Admiral yielded 5205 kg ha(-1), which was 17.4 and 33.3% higher than lines MT460 and MT190, respectively. The highest seed protein content was obtained with variety Majoret (23.4%) having highest Vigor Index II and seed yield (4940 kg ha(-1)) at par with variety DS Admiral. The lowest seed protein was found with variety DS Admiral (20.3%). The line named MT190 showed lowest yield potential along with the lower protein contents also. Studies show a positive and significant correlation between biomass and Vigor Index I only. Plant nitrogen uptake was positively and significantly correlated with biomass and Vigor Index I in greenhouse only. The results also indicated that seed vigor indices did not reveal any significant correlations with dry peas yield and protein content, so more efforts are needed to evaluate varieties for higher yield and protein content during initial stages of growth in order to maximize their acreage and productivity.
Nutrient Sources and Harvest Frequencies Impact Water Stable Soil Macro-Aggregates
(2018-12) Mohammed, Yesuf A.; Desta, Kefyalew G.
We evaluated the effects of nutrient sources [cattle manure, poultry litter, urea, chemical fertilizers [nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K)], inter-seeded crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), and a control], and harvest frequency (single and twice) on water stable soil macro-aggregates through wet sieving. The experiment was performed in a split-plot design with four replications. In most cases, single harvest resulted in more water stable soil aggregates than twice harvest. This could be due to less soil disturbance and uninterrupted root exudate supplies for soil microbes. Application of cattle manure and poultry litter significantly increased the percent of water stable soil macro-aggregates to the extent of 47% compared with chemical (NPK) fertilizer application. These results demonstrated that vigilant recycling of these animal wastes could improve soil aggregate formation. However, long-term monitoring of this practice is needed to evaluate system sustainability and profitability.