Browsing by Author "Sherman, Jamie"

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Genetic dissection of endosperm hydration in malting barley (Hordeum vulgare)
(Wiley, 2023-08) Jensen, Joseph; Turner, Hannah; Lachowiec, Jennifer; Lutgen, Greg; Yin, Xiang S.; Sherman, Jamie
Hydration of the endosperm is a critical part of the malting process that ensures proper modification of the grain. However, little is known about the genetic controls of endosperm hydration and its relationship to agronomic and malt quality traits. The extent of endosperm hydration is estimated through hydration index (HYI). We measured HYI, agronomic, and malt quality traits on a 169-line subset of the NSGC Barley Core Panel, which includes global malt lines, some dating from the inception of European breeding programmes. Utilizing GWAS, 61 QTLs were identified for HYI, dormancy, agronomic, and malt quality traits. Of these, six were found to be related to HYI and were located on 1H, 2H, 3H, 6H, and 7H. We found HYI QTLs cosegregating with kernel size and hardness (1H and 3H), malting quality (2H and 6H), and dormancy (2H and 6H). These results indicate that endosperm hydration after steeping can be improved by selecting high HYI alleles on 2H, 6H, and 7H, positively impacting malting quality without negatively impacting kernel size or dormancy.
Genotyping by Multiplexed Sequencing (GMS) protocol in Barley
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2021-04) Eagle, Jonathan; Ruff, Travis; Hooker, Marcus; Sthapit, Sajal; Marston, Elliott; Marlowe, Karol; Covarrubias, Dolores; Skinner, Daniel; Hayes, Patrick; Sherman, Jamie; See, Deven
Genotyping by sequencing (GBS) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip technologies are the primary SNP genotyping technologies used today. However, these genotyping technologies have some drawbacks that limit their usefulness in analysis. We have developed a robust protocol called genotyping by multiplexed sequencing (GMS) using SNP markers, providing informative genotypic data with greater flexibility. The genotypes derived from direct sequence reads reduce ambiguity in genetic analysis. The advantages of this protocol include: (1) This PCR-based direct sequencing protocol generates information from markers of interest and provides a more streamlined and accurate analysis process, by multiplexing hundreds of informative markers into a single sequencing run. (2) The marker sets are easily customized to the species of interest and can readily be changed. In this study we have taken the GMS protocol developed in wheat and adapted it to barley. We have identified 577 SNP markers that work well using this protocol providing adequate genome coverage for genomic selection and tag 267 QTL’s for genes of interest. Good markers have an adequate read depth of at least 5 amplicons and are reliably present across the population.
Improvement of Endosperm Hydration Counter the Negative Relationship Between Dormancy and Malt Quality in Barley (Hordeum vulgare)
(Wiley, 2024-08) Jensen, Joseph; Uhlmann, Hannah; Lachowiec, Jennifer; Lutgen, Greg; Cook, Jason P.; Yin, Xiang S.; Kephart, Ken; Sherman, Jamie
Dormancy in barley has been thoroughly studied and shown to negatively impact malt quality, resulting in selection against dormancy. However, reduced dormancy coincides with increased preharvest sprout (PHS) risk, thus sparking a new interest in integrating dormancy back into American barley lines if the negative effects of dormancy on malt quality can be overcome. We evaluated the dormancy and hydration index (HYI) in a biparental mapping population to determine the genotypes that would protect against PHS but have good malt quality. We found 4 HYI QTLs and 4 dormancy QTLs, one of which was near the well-described SD2 QTL. The HYI QTLs were pleiotropically related to seed size (1H), dormancy (5H) and malt quality (2H). Lines with dormancy (5H) and increased HYI (2H and 3H) had malt quality similar to nondormant lines while maintaining PHS resistance, suggesting improvements in HYI could be the key to overcoming the negative effects of dormancy in malting.
A “solid” solution for wheat stem sawfly (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) resistance: Genetics, breeding and development of solid stem wheat
(Wiley, 2023-06) Bathini, Akshara; Mendu, Lavanya; Pratap Singh, Nagendra; Cook, Jason; Weaver, David; Sherman, Jamie; Hager, Megan; Mondal, Suchismita; Mendu, Venugopal
Wheat (Triticum spp. L) production needs to be improved to meet the needs of a global population of >9 billion people by 2050. Increasing the productivity of the crop under conditions of abiotic and biotic stress to achieve food security continues to be a challenging proposition. Wheat stem sawfly (WSS) (Cephus cinctus Norton) has been considered as a serious pest of wheat since the late 19th century, causing devastating losses of wheat productivity in the Northern Great Plains of United States and regions of Canada. Developing resistant varieties of wheat that show consistent agronomic performances in varying environments is an effective strategy to manage WSS infestations. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to understand the underlying mechanisms of WSS infestation, damage, subsequent response of the host plant, and resulting yield losses. The review focuses on genetics, breeding, and development of solid stem (SS)-mediated WSS resistance in wheat since it has been the most effective method of genetic resistance in reducing wheat yield losses. Furthermore, the knowledge gaps that need to be addressed to develop an effective resistant cultivar against WSS are also discussed.