Theses and Dissertations at Montana State University (MSU)
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://scholarworks.montana.edu/handle/1/733
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Item Multi-environment evaluation of winter pea genotypes for winter survival and yield stability(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 2024) Poudel, Amrit; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Kevin McPhee; This is a manuscript style paper that includes co-authored chapters.Winter pea can be grown as a rotational crop for soil moisture conservation and nutrient recycling in the wheat-growing region of Montana. Development of winter hardy cultivars would increase seed yield and expand the area of adaptation of this crop. Harsh winter conditions present a significant challenge to the production of winter peas. The objective of this study was to screen pea germplasm and breeding lines for winter survival and identify genotypes with good winter hardiness for future crop production. Field trials were conducted to evaluate genotypes at Bozeman, Havre, Huntley, and Moccasin, MT in 2021, 2022, and 2023. These lines included elite winter cultivars and several checks. Winter hardiness was evaluated as the percentage of surviving plants and by agronomic performance including yield. Genotypes were evaluated based on the GGE biplot method. This analysis captured multiple variables including yield, protein content, seed size, and their overall stability across multiple years and locations of study to aid in selecting lines. Differential winter survival was observed across locations and years. Higher winter survival was seen in Bozeman and Havre. Few lines were identified as having high seed yield and stable production over years and locations. Breeding lines had higher mean yield with few good lines having stable production of greater than 2500 kg/ha. Germplasm lines showed better winter survival than breeding lines. Protein content ranged from 20% to 31%. Larger seeds were observed in Moccasin, whereas Havre had the highest protein content. Mega- environment differentiation helped to select specific genotypes based on the trait of interest for a particular environment. Several European and US lines used in the experiments having high winter hardiness record performed better for seed yield and resistance to stress. The lines identified as having high levels of cold tolerance can be used as a prospective genetic resource in pea breeding programs. Genotypes having high and stable seed yield can be considered for release as a variety and made available to producers.Item Screening field pea (Pisum sativum L.) for tolerance to high salinity conditions(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 2020) Tracy, Jacob D.; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Kevin McPheeField pea (Pisum sativum L.) is an important salt-sensitive crop utilized in rotation with cereals in semi-arid cropping systems in the Northern Great Plains (NGP). Saline soils (EC > 4 dS m -1) negatively impact over 10.8 million acres in Montana, the second largest producer of field pea in the US. Despite its global importance, few studies have explored field pea response to high salinity conditions outside of germination testing and even fewer have looked at tolerance to sodium sulfate (Na 2SO 4), the dominant salt affecting plant growth in the NGP. In this study, 311 accessions comprising the genetically diverse USDA Pisum single plant (PSP) core collection were screened under high Na 2SO 4 conditions in germination and seedling experiments. Germination screening was conducted in petri dishes within a dark growth chamber. Accessions received H 2O (control) or 16 dS m -1 Na 2SO 4 (highly saline) solution for 8 days. The mean percent germination compared to the control was used as the indicator for tolerance. A preliminary greenhouse concentration series experiment using 7 levels of Na 2SO 4 (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 dS m -1), supported screening seedlings at 9 dS m -1 Na 2SO 4. Greenhouse screening was conducted in plastic pots of coarse sand media. Accessions received a nutrient solution (control) or 9 dS m -1 Na 2SO 4 and nutrient solution daily. Salinity symptom scores were assessed on days 21, 28, 35, and 38 post-sowing using a visual growth response scale of 1-9 (healthy-dead). Phenotypic measurements and the Area Under the Injury Curve (AUIC) were used as indicators for tolerance. A Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) was conducted using the phenotypic data collected and a large dataset of 68,222 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms developed from the USDA PSP plus core collection. Potential candidate breeding germplasm conferring high salinity tolerance at the germination and seedling growth stages was identified. Significant marker-trait associations were discovered for all traits measured, providing potential Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS) opportunities.Item Quantitative trait loci associated with lodging, stem strength, yield, and other important agronomic traits in dry field peas(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 2017) Smitchger, Jamin A.; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Kevin McPhee; Norman F. Weeden (co-chair)In pea, lodging changes canopy structure, increases disease pressure, reduces yield, and reduces harvest efficiency. In order to discover the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) influencing lodging resistance and other important agronomic traits in pea, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was created from a relatively wide cross between the commercial variety Delta and an unnamed pea variety. The RIL population was grown for 6 site-years in Bozeman and Moccasin, MT, USA, and phenotypic data was collected for 22 quantitative morphological traits and seven categorical traits which were thought to be associated with lodging resistance. Genotypic data was derived from genotype by sequencing, microsattelite markers, and cleaved amplified sequence tagged sites. QTL analysis identified a total of 135 putative QTLs for the 22 traits examined in the study. There were 12 specific regions where 115 QTLs co-located, indicating that as few as 12 genes may be responsible for multiple pleiotropic effects. Ten QTLs were found for lodging resistance. Due to the large amount of phenotypic data collected, the putative mechanism of lodging resistance was determined for each QTL. In nearly every case, lodging resistance was associated with reduced plant height, a change in tendril number, or increased stem strength. This conclusion was supported by mathematical modeling. Branch number, which determines the number of tendrils per plant, was also positively associated with lodging resistance during all site-years, indicating that increasing tendril number also increases lodging resistance. Yield was controlled by eight QTLs. All QTLs for yield had pleiotropic effects on lodging resistance and yield per plant. Seed size was not correlated with yield, and a model was created which explained why no association between yield and seed size was found. The pleiotropic effects and utility of the QTLs discovered in this study are discussed. The results of this study further refine the ideotype for pea, and can be used for marker assisted selection in this crop.Item Effects of N and P fertilizers on the growth, nodulation and N 2-fixation of fababean (Vicia faba L.), green pea (Pisum sativum L.) and dry bean (Phaseoulus vulgaris L.)(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 1985) Koala, SaidouItem Cytological and molecular investigations in Lens and Pisum(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 2003) Walling, Jason GordonItem Identifying regions of conserved synteny between pea (pisum spp.), lentil (lens spp.), and bean (phaseolus spp.)(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 2006) Moffet, Matthew Durwin; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Norman Weeden.The identification of conserved synteny in legumes can facilitate many different types of gene discovery. Techniques like marker assisted selection and the candidate gene approach can benefit greatly by identifying conserved synteny and genes located within those regions. Both Pisum and Phaseolus have detailed linkage maps, but a limited number of markers have been located in both species. In the present study I mapped 21 genes in Phaseolus vulgaris, 16 of which had already been located on the Lens and Pisum sativum linkage maps, the markers were used to look for conserved synteny between Pisum, Lens and Phaseolus. In particular, I was able to target marker/gene-rich regions of pea linkage groups V and VII, as well as pea linkage group III, with Pisum STS markers and universally designed gene-specific markers already located on the pea linkage map.