Theses and Dissertations at Montana State University (MSU)
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://scholarworks.montana.edu/handle/1/733
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Item Characterization and assessing fungicide sensitivity of Fusarium spp. causing root rot and wilt in lentils in the northern Great Plains(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 2022) Bugingo, Collins; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Mary Burrows; This is a manuscript style paper that includes co-authored chapters.Fusarium root rot and wilt are yield limiting diseases caused by Fusarium spp. in lentils globally. Seedborne Fusarium species and races of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis (Fol) have not been characterized. The sensitivity of commonly used fungicides on prevalent species is not fully known. In 2019 and 2020 commercial lentil fields were surveyed and seed lots collected from infected patches and further isolation, morphological and molecular characterization was conducted in the laboratory. Additional isolates and lentil seed were received from Washington, Montana, Idaho, North Dakota, southern Canada, and Spain for fungicide, seedborne Fusarium spp. and race-characterization of Fol respectively. In addition to assessing presence of seedborne Fusarium pathogens on the seed coat, the cotyledon and embryo were assessed for the presence of Fusarium spp. Fungicide sensitivity was assessed using mycelial assays and an additional spore assay for pyraclostrobin. A total of 84 seed lots from the Northern Great Plains (NGP) were assayed where a total of 486 and 228 Fusarium isolates were isolated in 2019 and 2020, respectively and all the representative isolates were virulent with a 1.5-4.5 root rot severity rating. Most isolates were found in the seed coat (57- 75%), cotyledon (19-23%) and embryo (6-20%) for the 2019 and 2020 isolates, respectively. F. oxysporum and F. acuminatum were all either sensitive or intermediately sensitive to prothioconazole and ipconazole. A total of 51 isolates were race-typed and 9 races identified whereby race 7 and 1 were the predominant at 53% and 16%, respectively. This study underscores the importance of understanding Fusarium spp. composition in lentil production, role of seedborne inoculum, fungicide efficacy in root rot/wilt management and race composition upon developing effective Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies.Item Role of crop fertility and seed treatments in managing fusarium root rot of lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) in the northern Great Plains(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 2021) Atencio, Sydney Christine; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Perry Miller and Mary Burrows (co-chair)Lentil is a relatively new but economically important crop for the state of Montana, along with surrounding states in the northern Great Plains. Comparatively little is known about the basic fertility of lentil, and importance of inoculant type on lentil. Additionally, the rise of pulse crop acres in the northern Great Plains, has given rise to root rot pathogens, such as Fusarium root rot. Fusarium root rot of pulses, has a wide host range, limiting the efficacy of rotation in its management. This research is comprised of two main studies. Field trials occurred at sites in Bozeman, Havre, Moccasin, and Sidney in 2019 and 2020. The objective of chapter two was to evaluate the effect of rhizobial inoculant formulations (granular vs. seed-coat/peat-powder) and nutrient additions (potassium, sulfur, and a micronutrient fertilizer), on lentil establishment, growth, seed protein, and yield. For chapter two, in six of eight site-years there was no yield difference between inoculant types. Applications of sulfur (S) fertilizer increased yield at three of eight site-years by an average of 303 kg ha-1 (17%) compared to treatments without S. Results from this study further suggest the importance of S fertilization for lentil. The objective for chapter three was to evaluate seed treatments' ability to control Fusarium root rot on lentil establishment, growth, disease severity and yield. In three of eight site-years, the inoculated control had a relatively high disease severity compared to other seed treatments. In general, treatment responses varied across site-year due to low disease pressure. Additionally, F. graminearum and F. oxysporum were isolated at a high frequency from control plots at sites in 2019. Data from 2020 is pending.Item The instrumental texture, desciptive sensory profile, and overall consumer acceptance of lentil-enriched crackers(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Education, Health & Human Development, 2020) Li, Sharon; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Wan-Yuan KuoLentil-enriched crackers were formulated using local Montana wheat flour and red Petite Crimson lentils. Variables of the cracker formulations included different lentil to wheat flour weight ratios (0/100, 50/50, 100/0) and pre-roasting times of the lentil flours (0- 10 minutes at 176 degrees Celsius). Texture analysis revealed increase in lentil to wheat ratios from 0/100 to 100/0 increased the hardness, stiffness, toughness, and crunchiness of the crackers, and the increase in time of lentil pre-roasting from 5 to 10 minutes reduced the hardness, stiffness, and toughness (P < 0.05). Quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) revealed that the lentil-enriched crackers are described by beany aroma and aroma-by-mouth, umami taste and aftertaste, and crunchy texture. The consumer test revealed that increase in lentil to wheat ratios from 0/100 to 100/0 decreased the liking of the crackers (P < 0.05), and pre-roasting of lentils did not cause any difference. This study can provide insight on how interactions between texture, sensory profile and sustainability labels affect lentil-enriched crackers. The outcome can direct future lentil cracker development and marketing efforts to promote local value-added agriculture.Item Cytological and molecular investigations in Lens and Pisum(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 2003) Walling, Jason GordonItem Nitrogen fixation by annual legume green manures in a semi-arid cropping system(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 2011) McCauley, Ann Michelle; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Clain Jones.There is renewed interest within agriculture to improve and sustain soil fertility. Legume crops can provide an alternative nitrogen (N) input to a cropping system through biological N fixation. The contribution of N from legume cropping systems depends on the quantity of N fixed and soil processes that influence soil N availability. The primary objectives of this project were 1) to evaluate the effect of planting and termination time on biomass production and N fixation by two legume green manure crops; and 2) to investigate the role of soil P availability on legume growth and N fixation. A two-yr dryland field study was conducted with three treatments: legume (field pea and lentil), planting time (spring and summer [2010 only]), and termination time (flower, intermediate [2009 only], and pod). Two methods, ¹⁵ N natural abundance and N difference, were used to quantify N fixation. In 2009, N fixed by spring-planted lentil was higher by pod than flower (P=0.03). There was no difference in N fixed by spring-planted pea among termination times, likely because of reduced precipitation during the middle of the growing season. In 2010, both spring-planted crops fixed more N by pod than flower (P<0.01) and more N was fixed by spring-planted crops than summer-planted crops (P<0.01). A greenhouse study was conducted in an unsterilized, low P soil (8 mg kg-soil -¹) with three treatments: legume crop (field pea or lentil), P fertilizer (0, 4, or 8 mg P kg -¹), and arbuscular mycorrhizae fungus (AMF) inoculum (AMF-, AMF+). Shoot biomass was sampled at flower, and N fixation was estimated with ¹⁵ N natural abundance method. Fertilization increased biomass yield and tissue N and P uptake for both crops (P<0.01) and increased N fixed by pea (P<0.01). Inoculation with AMF had little effect on measured parameters; however, there was an increase in pea biomass and N uptake in the AMF+ versus AMF- treatments at the 4P rate. Several variables that affect N fixation in semi-arid cropping systems were identified in this project, however further research assessing the effect of other soil and environmental conditions on N fixation and the cycling of fixed N in an agroecosystem is needed.Item Identifying regions of conserved synteny between pea (pisum spp.), lentil (lens spp.), and bean (phaseolus spp.)(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 2006) Moffet, Matthew Durwin; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Norman Weeden.The identification of conserved synteny in legumes can facilitate many different types of gene discovery. Techniques like marker assisted selection and the candidate gene approach can benefit greatly by identifying conserved synteny and genes located within those regions. Both Pisum and Phaseolus have detailed linkage maps, but a limited number of markers have been located in both species. In the present study I mapped 21 genes in Phaseolus vulgaris, 16 of which had already been located on the Lens and Pisum sativum linkage maps, the markers were used to look for conserved synteny between Pisum, Lens and Phaseolus. In particular, I was able to target marker/gene-rich regions of pea linkage groups V and VII, as well as pea linkage group III, with Pisum STS markers and universally designed gene-specific markers already located on the pea linkage map.