Theses and Dissertations at Montana State University (MSU)
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Item Pupil response as a measure of preparatory control of attention in anticipation of deception(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Letters & Science, 2024) Brennan, Evan Michael; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Keith A. HutchisonDeception is generally considered to be more cognitively demanding than telling the truth, driving research interest in the relationship between deception and cognitive ability. Few studies have explored the preparatory attentional state occurring after the decision to be dishonest is made, but before the content of the question is known to the deceiver. Participants in the current study were given "Truth" or "Lie" prompts several seconds before being asked questions about autobiographical information that they answered according to the prompt. Cue-evoked pupillary responses, or the changes in participants' pupils during the fixation period between the prompt and question presentation, served as an objective physiological measure of this preparatory state of attention. To assess cognitive ability, several tasks assessing working memory capacity and attentional control were also administered to determine their relationship with pupil response. Aligned with results from a former study, it was hypothesized that pupil diameter would be greatest in anticipation of "Lie" trials, that working memory capacity and attentional control would be negatively correlated with the proportion of errors committed and positively correlated with pupil size in the final few seconds of the fixation interval, and that pupil diameter variability across the fixation interval would be positively correlated with the proportion of errors committed. Results showed a general pattern of constriction in pupil diameter in the fixation interval, which opposed results from previous studies, and did not provide support for the main hypotheses. Lie trials where participants committed an error displayed a significant decrease in pupil diameter across the fixation interval relative to accurate lie trials. Possible reasons for general pattern of pupil constriction are given, prompting a retesting of the hypotheses under better experimental conditions. It is still possible that there is a general pattern of pupil dilation in this preparatory period.Item Self-concept and gross motor development in kindergarten children(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Education, Health & Human Development, 1979) Sorensen, Kathleen EstherItem Rhythmic Movement(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Arts & Architecture, 2008) Johnson, Kody Winship; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Ralph Johnson; Henry Sorenson (co-chair)To design a structure through human movement it is essential to analyze and understand how humans move and react in their environments. Creating an environment where as individuals move through space, space can begin to move with them, stimulating awareness of its presence and their presence within it. It is one's intent to explore architecture as an instance in which individuals interact with the physical environment to transform their spatial experiences, therefore making them more aware of their movement within space. As indicated by this theoretical approach, it is through the understanding of the influence the human body on space and the way one moves to experience space, that the idea of movement can be actively expressed in architecture. In this expression an idea of human movement will emerge. It is through architecture that one's interests in affecting the inhabitant or observer of space comes to fruition. This thesis revolves around the idea of how to create "affects" which evoke emotion through the relationship between space and movement. It is one's intent to explore the possibilities of a built environment that is capable of transforming, through its interaction with people and nature. One can then design a space/environment where technology, human experience, and environment exist in a single arrangement. For the inhabitant, architecture becomes a more substantial sensation, by means of movement through architecture. Hence, the potential of architecture generated from a dynamic perspective is to produce a fundamentally different architecture, an architecture that is meant to stimulate the interaction between movement of the human body, perception of movement, and movement of space. Normally people are not aware of the rhythms of their own body, the heart, breathing, and the senses. It is only in suffering that a particular rhythm begins to call attention to itself, altered by an illness. Understanding one's kinetic being and one's own kinetic imagination can help one to understand and discover one's own ways to work with long standing difficulties, injuries, or illnesses. This architectural design encompasses not just the structure, but also the reaction of the structure based on a subjects movements. Architecture becomes intimately involved with experience.