Theses and Dissertations at Montana State University (MSU)
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Item The effect of paid parental leave in the United States on young women's employment and earnings, and the family wage gap(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 2017) Inglis, Myron Robert Jeremy; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Wendy A. StockUsing March Current Population Survey data from 1994-2015, this paper examines the effect of paid parental leave in the United States on young women's employment and earnings, and the family wage gap. The family wage gap is the difference in earnings between parents and non-parents. Paid parental leave laws in California and New Jersey are exploited for a quasi-natural experiment using difference-in-difference-in-difference empirical models. Results show robust evidence that paid parental leave has negative impacts on young women's employment and earnings. Estimated impacts vary by education level, with employment effects concentrated among young women without a bachelor's degree, and earnings effects concentrated among young women with only some college experience. Additionally, results also show weakly suggestive evidence that paid parental leave decreases the family wage gap for both mothers and fathers.Item The impact of family leave laws on cesarean delivery(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 2008) Hogenson, Elise Catherine; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Wendy A. Stock.Cesarean rates have increased dramatically since 1965, with nearly a third of all births being delivered by cesarean section in 2006. Although numerous factors have contributed to this increase, this paper estimates the impact of family leave laws on cesarean rates. Leave laws led to increased health insurance coverage, thus altering the financial incentives facing both parents and physicians in the choice of delivery method. The laws also changed leave taking by parents, which may have impacted cesarean rates. The impact of leave laws on cesarean rates is estimated using a difference-in-differences approach coupled with the variation in state leave laws that existed prior to the passage of the federal Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) in 1993. The empirical results suggest that state leave laws are associated with an 8 to 13 percentage point reduction in the probability of cesarean delivery, but that the FMLA had little impact on cesarean rates.