Theses and Dissertations at Montana State University (MSU)
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Item Understanding resistance and transcriptional responses to potato virus Y infection in potato plants(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 2021) Ross, Brian Thomas; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Michelle Flenniken; Nina Zidack and Michelle L. Flenniken were co-authors of the article, 'Extreme resistance to viruses in potato and soybean' in the journal 'Frontiers in plant science' which is contained within this dissertation.; Nina Zidack and Michelle L. Flenniken were co-authors of the article, 'Transcriptional responses to potato virus Y infection in resistant and susceptible potato cultivars' submitted to the journal 'Cultivars' which is contained within this dissertation.The potato is one of the world's most important crops. Cultivation of potatoes occurs on every continent except Antarctica and in a wide variety of climates. Potatoes are susceptible to a multitude of pathogens that can decrease yield and market quality. Viruses are particularly problematic for potato growers, as most potato production involves the replanting of tubers grown the previous year. Because virus-infected potato plants can harbor virus in their tubers, these tubers can in turn be the source of infection in the next generation of plants. Strains of Potato virus Y are the most economically burdensome viruses for potato growers worldwide. In field settings, Potato virus Y is primarily transmitted to plant by aphids feeding on leaves, but PVY can also be transmitted mechanically through infected plant sap. The use of insecticides and the application of mineral oil to leaves can help limit aphid populations and prevent infection to an extent but are generally both less effective and more environmentally impactful than genetic antiviral resistance mechanisms. The incorporation of genes that provide durable resistance to Potato virus Y into commercial potatoes is a major focus of potato breeders. One form of resistance, called extreme resistance, is characterized by a lack of symptoms and little to no virus replication occurring at the site of infection, but the molecular mechanisms of this response are not well understood. A comprehensive analysis of the extreme resistance literature indicates that movement of the resistance protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus of the cell directly after virus infection may be a key aspect of this immune response. The downstream, transcriptional aspects of the extreme resistance response are also not well understood. We analyzed the gene expression from a Potato virus Y-resistant potato variety, Payette Russet, and a commonly grown susceptible variety, Russet Burbank, at a series of time points after virus infection using RNA sequencing. Results of these analyses indicate that an immune response likely occurs in Payette Russet quickly after virus inoculation. These analyses also indicate that the virus-susceptible variety, Russet Burbank, exhibits changes in gene expression that are similar to other susceptible potato varieties during asymptomatic or tolerant infection. Furthering our understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling resistance and severity of virus infections will help inform future breeding and genetic engineering efforts, which require detailed knowledge of the mechanisms of virus resistance.Item Potato and potato virus Y: the effect of cultivar, seed type, and dfense-inducing agents differences in incidence(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 2016) Boyd, Elisa Kirk; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Michelle Flenniken; Eileen Carpenter, Michelle Flenniken and Nina Zidack were co-authors of the article, 'Potato cultivar and seed type affect incidence of potato virus Y (PVY N-WI) infection' submitted to the journal 'Plant disease' which is contained within this thesis.; Eileen Carpenter, Michelle L. Flenniken and Nina Zidack were co-authors of the article, 'Examination of resistance-inducing compounds to limit potato virus Y (PVY N-WI) infection in potatoes' which is contained within this thesis.Potato (Solanum tuberosum subsp. tuberosum) is an important crop grown worldwide. Propagated vegetatively, a sustainable potato industry relies on pathogen free, tissue culture-produced plantlets to maintain low disease incidence in seed potato stock. Potato virus Y (PVY) infection is the most significant threat to seed potato production. Therefore, determining the influence of cultivar and seed type on PVY incidence could lead to improved management practices. Data from seed potato certification inspection in Montana indicated that plants grown from seed produced in sterile conditions (plantlets and minitubers) had a greater incidence of PVY than plants grown from field-produced tubers. We hypothesized that differences in cultivar, seed type and growth conditions (i.e., sterile vs. field grown) impacted PVY incidence. Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a plant immune response that is induced by pathogens and resistance-inducing agents. Resistance-inducing agents are effectively used to limit fungal pathogens, and we hypothesized that they may also limit PVY infection. To test these factors, potato plants (cultivars Russet Burbank and Norkotah Colorado 3) were grown from multiple seed types (i.e., plantlet, minituber, and Generation 3 tuber (G3)) and mechanically inoculated with PVY strain Wilga in the presence and absence of Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) inducing agents. Percent infection (incidence) was measured with double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DASELISA) at three time points post-inoculation. These studies resulted in the following conclusions: (1) incidence of PVY infection varies by cultivar, specifically, the Russet Burbank cultivar had a lower incidence of PVY than the Norkotah Colorado 3 cultivar, (2) Russet Burbank plants grown from tissue culture plantlets had a higher incidence of PVY infection than Russet Burbank plants grown from field-produced G3) tubers, and (3) phosphorous acid (Phostrol®), an inducer of Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) may reduce PVY infection, particularly in Russet Burbank plantlets. These findings advance our understanding of the differences in PVY incidence by cultivar and seed type, and in turn provide valuable information for maintaining pathogen free potato seed.Item A study of the effect of storage upon the vitamin C content of potatoes grown in Gallatin Valley(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Education, Health & Human Development, 1927) Jacobs, ErleneItem The ascorbic acid content of dehydrated potatoes(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Education, Health & Human Development, 1962) Myers, Patricia WalterItem The millipede of Santo Antao, Spinotarsus caboverdus : survey for pathogenic microorganisms, bioassay tests of fungal pathogens against S. caboverdus and Melanoplus sanguinipes(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 1994) Brito, Jorge MendesItem A study of the Vitamin C content of two varieties of potatoes as affected by winter storage(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Education, Health & Human Development, 1931) Mayfield, Helen L.Item An economic analysis of an elite seed potato farm in Montana(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 1976) Guenthner, Joseph F.Item A commercial potato survey for Montana(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 1950) Stachwick, George T.Item A new transglucosidase found in potatoes(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Letters & Science, 1959) Ryan, Clarence A.Item A serological comparison of potato virus X protein prior and subsequent to partial enzymatic hydrolysis(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 1971) Secor, Gary Allen