Theses and Dissertations at Montana State University (MSU)
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Item Preliminary integrative guidelines for aromatherapy: a tool for healthcare providers(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Nursing, 2018) King, Ruth Elizabeth; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: M. Jean Shreffler-GrantAromatherapy has a long history of use for medicinal purposes. In recent years, aromatherapy has increased in popularity among the general public yet many healthcare providers are unsure of its efficacy and safety. Although there are many resources for the general public and trained aromatherapists, currently no clinical guideline or evidence-based aromatherapy resource exists for the busy healthcare provider. The purpose of this project was to explore the state of the evidence available for the ten most commonly used essential oils and synthesize this evidence into integrative summaries in order to improve general healthcare providers' knowledge of this topic. The top 10 most commonly purchased essential oils were first identified as lavender, peppermint, eucalyptus, tea tree, rosemary, patchouli, lemon, rose, frankincense, and roman chamomile. Peer-reviewed journals were searched for the most current research available on human research on each oil. The student summarized the evidence in each study, conducted an initial evaluation of the evidence, and created an evidence table. This data was then converted to evidence profiles for each use that was studied for each oil, where data was pooled when appropriate and an overall quality of evidence was assessed for each use. This information was then transferred into a one-page integrative summary for each oil, which not only contains a short summary of human research available on the use(s) of the oil, but also safety considerations, how the oil was used historically, suggested mechanisms of action, any other pertinent data on the oil, and the student's overall impression. These integrative summaries may be used as an evidence-based reference tool for healthcare providers, and this project may be used as a model to build upon as new research emerges.Item Olfactory behavior as an indicator of prion infection(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Letters & Science, 2011) Williams, Nikolas Scott; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: A. Michael BabcockThe current project sought to identify changes in olfactory-related behavior in hamsters infected with the HY transmissible mink encephalopathy (HY TME) strain of the pathological form of the prion protein. Experiment 1 was conducted to validate an olfactory preference paradigm for use with Syrian golden hamsters. An experimental group was induced with anosmia by treating them with methimazole. In an olfactory preference test in which the time subjects spent investigating attractive, aversive, and neutral olfactory stimuli were assessed, control animals spent a significantly longer amount of time investigating the attractive versus aversive scents. The methimazole-treated group did not demonstrate this pattern. Experiment 2 investigated changes in olfactory behavior as a result of prion infection. A group of hamsters was infected with HY TME and subjected to olfactory preference testing at four time points: 20, 40, 60, and 80 days post inoculation. In addition, parallel subjects were sacrificed and submitted to immunohistochemical analysis in order to examine the proliferation of HY TME throughout olfactory-related brain structures with the intention of relating behavioral changes to the progression of prion infection. Results indicated that HY TME subjects lost their ability to perceive the attractive scent early in the disease. However, avoidance of the aversive scent was retained until much later. The immunohistochemistry revealed an initial appearance of the pathologic prion at 20 days post inoculation in the glomeruli of the olfactory bulb. Widespread infection throughout all olfactory structures was observed at 40 days post inoculation and beyond. These results suggested a differential sensory loss to the olfactory stimuli that may have been due to initial infection in the glomeruli and later infection in other olfactory structures. These findings support the utility of discrimination paradigms for the diagnosis of prion diseases.