Theses and Dissertations at Montana State University (MSU)
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Item Effect of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) variety and harvest maturity on quality, yield, and condensed tannin content(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 2020) Gardhouse, Kylie Ann; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Megan Van EmonSainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) is a forage legume that was introduced to North America from Europe and Asia. Unlike alfalfa, sainfoin is non-bloating, lacks autotoxicity properties, and may work as an anthelmintic when consumed by livestock. With limited information available on sainfoin varieties and management, new information is necessary to provide to producers for optimal production. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of variety and maturity at harvest on forage yield, quality, and condensed tannin content. Four varieties of sainfoin ('AAC Mountainview', 'Eski', 'Shoshone', and 'Delaney') and one alfalfa variety ('Shaw') were planted at two locations in Montana and the same sainfoin varieties and one alfalfa variety ('Spredor 4') were planted in one location in Utah. Samples were taken at 10, 50 and 100% bloom and evaluated for dry matter production and nutritive quality. Variety (P < or = 0.005) and maturity (P < or = 0.001) both were found to impact production, with Shaw, AAC Mountainview and Eski varieties having higher production, as well as tonnage increasing with advancing maturity than Delaney and Shoshone. Sainfoin had greater levels of condensed tannins than alfalfa (P < or = 0.001), and within sainfoin, tannin content decreased with increasing maturity (P < or = 0.003) at all locations. Crude protein levels were significantly different for maturity (P < 0.001) and variety (P < or = 0.003), and fiber values were only affected by maturity (P < or = 0.001). These results demonstrate that sainfoin is a beneficial legume to feed to livestock particularly in grazing situations, with similar quality and yield compared to alfalfa, as well as a higher condensed tannin content.Item Effects of defoliating leafy spurge on condensed tannin concentrations, sheep rumen microorganisms, and migratory grasshoppers(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 1996) Roberts, Joanna L.Item Select Procyanidins induce gammadelta T cell activation and proliferation(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 2008) Holderness, Jeffrey Scott; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Mark Jutila.Many pharmaceutical drugs in use today were originally identified in plants from traditional medicine. However, there remain many plants in traditional medicine that produce confusing immune responses and are therefore unlikely candidates for pharmaceutical drugs. The effects of some of the traditional medicines that induce these confusing immune responses may now be explained by recent advances in the characterization of our immune system, namely in our understanding of the unique functions of the gammadelta T cell. These gammadelta T cell functions include tissue repair and homeostasis, cancer infiltration and clearance, pathogen detection and cytokine response, and antigen presentation. Although there are currently therapies being studied to increase the effector function of gammadelta T cells, these techniques are only active on a limited population of gammadelta T cells, the human Vdelta2 subset. Although these cells are potent effectors against pathogens and some cancers, Vdelta2 T cells demonstrate a restricted tissue distribution and limited effector function in other gammadelta T cell host defense responses. As such, we screened compound libraries and traditional medicines for agonists with activity encompassing alternative gammadelta T cell subsets. Tannins derived from select plant species are able to fulfill this role as demonstrated by the activation and expansion of gammadelta T cell subsets not responsive to current gammadelta T cell expansion therapies. The ability of tannins to expand these gammadelta T cell populations will potentially increase the therapeutic range of gammadelta T cells and may be used as treatments for wound healing as well as in the clearance of solid tumor cancers.