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Item Rapid upwards spread of non-native plants in mountains across continents(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2023-01) Iseli, Evelin; Chisholm, Chelsea; Lenoir, Jonathan; Haider, Sylvia; Seipel, Tim; Barros, Agustina; Hargreaves, Anna L.; Kardol, Paul; Lembrechts, Jonas J.; McDougall, Keith; Rashid, Irfan; Rumpf, Sabine B.; Arévalo, José Ramón; Cavieres, Lohengrin; Daehler, Curtis; Dar, Pervaiz A.; Endress, Bryan; Jakobs, Gabi; Jiménez, Alejandra; Küffer, Christoph; Mihoc, Maritza; Milbau, Ann; Morgan, John W.; Naylor, Bridgett J.; Pauchard, Aníbal; Backes, Amanda Ratier; Reshi, Reshi; Rew, Lisa J.; Righetti, Damiano; Shannon, James M.; Valencia, Graciela; Walsh, Neville; Wright, Genevieve T.; Alexander, Jake M.High-elevation ecosystems are among the few ecosystems worldwide that are not yet heavily invaded by non-native plants. This is expected to change as species expand their range limits upwards to fill their climatic niches and respond to ongoing anthropogenic disturbances. Yet, whether and how quickly these changes are happening has only been assessed in a few isolated cases. Starting in 2007, we conducted repeated surveys of non-native plant distributions along mountain roads in 11 regions from 5 continents. We show that over a 5- to 10-year period, the number of non-native species increased on average by approximately 16% per decade across regions. The direction and magnitude of upper range limit shifts depended on elevation across all regions. Supported by a null-model approach accounting for range changes expected by chance alone, we found greater than expected upward shifts at lower/mid elevations in at least seven regions. After accounting for elevation dependence, significant average upward shifts were detected in a further three regions (revealing evidence for upward shifts in 10 of 11 regions). Together, our results show that mountain environments are becoming increasingly exposed to biological invasions, emphasizing the need to monitor and prevent potential biosecurity issues emerging in high-elevation ecosystems.Item The Mountain Invasion Research Network (MIREN). linking local and global scales for addressing an ecological consequence of global change(Oekom Verlag, 2014-10) Kueffer, Christoph; Daehler, Curtis; Dietz, Hansjörg; McDougall, Keith L.; Parks, Catherine; Pauchard, Aníbal; Rew, Lisa J.Many modern environmental problems span vastly different spatial scales, from the management of local ecosystems to understanding globally interconnected processes, and addressing them through international policy. MIREN tackles one such “glocal” (global/local) environmental problem – plant invasions in mountains – through a transdisciplinary, multi-scale learning process at the science-policy interface. The approach led to a new framing of invasions in mountains, and promoted innovation by engaging scientists and practitioners.