Scholarship & Research
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Item Manipulating implement weight during warm up to improve shot put performance(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Education, Health & Human Development, 2023) Klein, Leah Nicole; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: James N. Becker; This is a manuscript style paper that includes co-authored chapters.The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of overweight and underweight implements impacts on shot putting performance along with technical and physiological changes. Ten collegiate shot putters participated in this study (6 male, 4 female). Each participant completed 3 non consecutive days of data collection. Each day consisted of 3 warm up throws followed by 6 maximal effort regulation weighted throws. Warm up throws consisted of one of three conditions: (1) overweight (2) underweight or (3) regulation. In agreement with prior literature on post-activation potentiation (PAP), those who threw with overweight implements showed significant increases in performance. No changes in critical factor kinematics or ground reaction force measures were affected by warm up weight. Results of this study conclude that using a heavy implement during warmups is a functional way to improve performance, however more research is needed to further uncover the underlying mechanisms.Item The metabolic demands of culturally-specific Polynesian dances(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Education, Heatlh & Human Development, 2016) Zhu, Wei; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Daniel P. HeilIt is suggested that dancing is a form of exercise that induces favorable physiological and psychological effects comparable to aerobic exercise training. The current study sought to measure the metabolic demands for several Polynesian dances (i.e., Hawaiian hula, Fijian, Maori haka and poi balls, Samoan sasa and slap, Tahitian, and Tongan), and to evaluate possible gender differences in these measures in a group of experienced Polynesian dancers. Thirty participants (13 men and 17 women) were tested through a dance testing protocol, using indirect calorimetry. Metabolic demands were evaluated in units of metabolic equivalent (MET), as well as both aerobic and anaerobic activity energy expenditure (AEE) contributions to total AEE. One sample t-test was used to compare the mean MET values for each cultural dance to the cutoff values (3-MET and 6-MET, respectively) for moderate and vigorous physical activity. Gender differences were examined using independent t-tests. The mean MET values for all, but Maori poi balls dance, were significantly greater than 3.0 METs. The mean MET values for Samoan sasa, Samoan slap and Tahitian were also significantly greater than 6.0 METs. The men's MET values for Hawaiian hula, Samoan sasa, Tongan, Fijian, and Maori haka were all significantly greater (P < 0.001) than the corresponding values for women, while the Tahitian MET values were similar (P = 0.526) between both genders. Aerobic and anaerobic AEE contribute 83.4% and 16.6%, respectively, on average, for Polynesian dances, with Hawaiian hula being the most aerobic (88.7% and 11.3%, respectively) and Samoan slap being the least aerobic (74.2% and 25.8%, respectively). The aerobic AEE for men was significantly greater than that for women for the Hawaiian hula, Samoan sasa, Fijian, Maori haka, and Tongan (P < 0.001), while no significance gender difference was observed in anaerobic AEE (P = 0.087 - 0.989). The present study indicated that the Polynesian dance of various forms met the current PA recommendations, and thus can be used as an appropriate mode of aerobic exercise to increase regular physical activity in the ethnic minorities in Hawaii and the south Pacific for health promotion and disease prevention.Item Perceptual responses to high intensity interval training among overweight and obese individuals(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Education, Health and Human Development, 2016) Halvorson, John Thomas; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Mary P. Miles; Mary P Miles, Carmen Byker-Shanks and John Seifert were co-authors of the article, 'Perceptual responses to high intensity interval training among overweight and obese individuals' which is contained within this thesis.Poor diet and exercise adherence is resulting in the rise of chronic diseases. High intensity interval training (HIIT) has the ability to improve adherence as it takes less time to complete and has changes in intensity and monotony. The aim of the study was to analyze whether participants prefer HIIT in comparison to continuous aerobic exercise (CON). The hypothesis was that HIIT would be preferred and enjoyed more than CON both during and following the exercises. Participants were men and women (n=14) between the age of 30-55 years with a BMI of 25-35 kg/m2. Participants completed three exercise conditions: CON) a 45 minute walk at 60% of age predicted maximal heart rate (APMHR), HIIT60) a 20 minute HIIT exercise in which the speed and incline was changed between a high intensity of 80% APMHR and 60% APMHR every 60 seconds for a total of 10 cycles, and HIIT90) a 21 minute HIIT exercise in which the speed and incline was changed between a high intensity of 80% APMHR and 60% APMHR every 90 seconds for a total of 7 cycles. Heart rate (HR), exercise enjoyment during the exercise as measured by the exercise enjoyment scale (EES), and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were collected at multiple time points during the exercise. Five minutes of post exercise oxygen consumption was measured immediately and 30 minutes following the exercise sessions. General feelings as measured by the feeling scale (FS) and physical activity (PA) enjoyment as measured by the physical activity enjoyment scale (PACES) was measured 5 minutes and 35 minutes following the exercise sessions. HR and RPE were both higher in HIIT60 and HIIT90 compared to CON. In task exercise enjoyment was not higher between conditions. PA enjoyment was higher in both HIIT60 and HIIT90 compared to CON 5 minutes following the exercises. General feelings in HIIT60 was the only condition to increase 35 minutes compared to 5 minutes following the exercise. We conclude that HIIT is a more preferred exercise than CON as shown by higher preferences for HIIT90 and HIIT60 as well as higher ratings of post exercise PA enjoyment.Item Physical activity and its relationship to diet and attitudes toward body image(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Education, Health & Human Development, 2002) Blakely, Frank EdwardItem Evaluating the effectiveness of a home-based multifactorial fall prevention program for community-dwelling older adults(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Education, Health & Human Development, 1999) Yates, Shawna MarieItem Whole plasma lipoprotein oxidation in women : influence of season, infection, age, physical activity, and dietary intake(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Education, Health & Human Development, 2002) Hogan, Shelly PatriciaItem The instances and occurences that influence individuals with impaired glucose tolerance in their decision to exercise(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Education, Health & Human Development, 2003) Shatwell, Peter KennethItem An analysis of the Yoyo Strength Ergometer(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Education, Health & Human Development, 1999) Mercado, Dean RandalItem Self-efficacy, decision making, and the stages of exercise behavior change(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Education, Health & Human Development, 1996) Haas, Jennifer CarolBased on the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change, an understanding of the determinants of exercise behavior is beginning to emerge. In this study exercise behavior was examined to determine its association with self-efficacy and decisional making. One hundred seventy four freshman college students answered three questionnaires to assess their stage of exercise behavior, self-efficacy and decisional balance (i.e., pros and cons). Frequency counts were used to determine the distribution of freshman students among the stages of adoption. Stage of exercise adoption was the independent variable, and self-efficacy and decisional balance were the dependent variables in the analysis. Analysis of variance showed that self-efficacy and decision making were able to significantly differentiate one's stage of exercise change. Understanding the states of exercise behavior change may yield important information for designing physical education curriculum that would enhance exercise adoption and adherence.Item Stages of change of exercise behavior : relationships with other health behaviors(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Education, Health & Human Development, 1998) Costakis, Catherine ElaineThe Stages of Change Model has been useful in explaining how people change health behaviors. Although this model has been used in numerous investigations to examine how people change single health behaviors, few researchers have used this model to investigate the change process when multiple behaviors are involved. The purpose of this study was to determine if the stages of exercise adoption were associated with other health behaviors. The health behaviors included in this study were cigarette and smokeless tobacco use, seat belt nonuse, alcohol use, and nonregular use of stress management practices. The researcher hypothesized that respondents in the later stages of exercise adoption would practice more healthful behaviors than respondents in the earlier stages. Survey research was conducted, using a sample of 1,896 university employees, to obtain the demographic, socioeconomic and behavioral information used in this study. The survey response rate was 68%. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine if stage of exercise predicted the presence of each of the health behaviors while controlling for demographic, socioeconomic, and other health behavior variables. Respondents in the later stages of exercise adoption were less likely to be cigarette smokers, more likely to use their seat belt regularly, and more likely to use regular stress management practices than respondents in the earliest stage of exercise. Hence, encouraging individuals to become more involved in exercise could indirectly influence other lifestyle behaviors. Exercise has been found to have therapeutic effects in relation to a variety of chronic diseases and could be a possible "gateway" behavior towards healthier lifestyle choices.