Scholarship & Research
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Item School-Level Bureaucrats: How High School Counselors Inhabit the Conflicting Logics of Their Work(SAGE Publications, 2023-10) Blake, Mary KateThrough three years of training, school counselors build a professional identity based on providing social-emotional, academic, and postsecondary guidance to students. But school counselors face conflict in meeting these expectations in a bureaucratic environment that asks them to prioritize efficiency when meeting with students rather than building one-on-one relationships. I draw from interviews with high school counselors and school personnel and a year of observations to study the institutional logics that govern their work and use inhabited institutional theory to study how time scarcity shaped how counselors interpreted these conflicting macro-level logics in their micro-level interactions. The counselors in this study developed patterns of practice that helped them manage this conflict, negotiating but eventually settling with nonideal strategies in the best way they could with the resources made available to them. Efforts to reject the efficiency model were met with pushback from school leaders and unintended consequences for counselors and students alike. The conflict inherent in their work left little room for the mental health or postsecondary counseling they expect and are trained to provide.Item Does Where You Work and What You Do Matter? Testing the Role of Organizational Context and Job Type for Future Study of Occupation-Based Secondary Trauma Intervention Development(Sage Journals, 2023-12) Knight, Kelly E.; Ellis, Colter; Miller, Tristan; Neu, Joshua; Helfrich, LeahOrganizational context (e.g., criminal justice, community-based, and healthcare) and job type (e.g., police, social workers, and healthcare providers) may impact the extent of occupation-based secondary trauma (OBST). Survey data collected from a multiphase community-based participatory research project were analyzed from a variety of professionals, who were likely to “encounter the consequences of traumatic events as part of their professional responsibilities” (n = 391, women = 55%, White = 92%). Results document high trauma exposure (adverse childhood experiences [ACEs] and workplace) and OBST-related outcomes (Maslach Burnout Inventory, Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale, post-traumatic stress disorder symptom checklist for DSM-5) for the entire sample with important differences across organizational context and job type. Using multivariate regression, the strongest determinants of suffering, however, were not related to a provider’s specific profession but to their number of years on the job and their ACEs (e.g., adjusted R2 = 0.23, b = 2.01, p < .001). Likewise, the most protective factors were not profession specific but rather the provider’s age and perceived effectiveness of OBST-related training (e.g., b = 2.26, p < .001). These findings inform intervention development and have implications for rural and other often under-resourced areas, where the same OBST-related intervention could potentially serve many different types of providers and organizations.Item Drivelines, hunting blinds, effigies and intercept hunting strategies in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, USA(Liverpool University Press, 2022) Lee, Craig M; Neeley, Michael; Horton, Elizabeth; McWethy, David B.This paper shares a description of cairn lines and hunting blinds in association with an ice patch in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Until now no definitive stone features, including drivelines and hunting blinds, have been reported in association with Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem ice patches; however, such features are known from ice patches in northern North America, eg Yukon Territory. In the system reported here, the ice patch is presumed to be an animal attractant with the drivelines and blinds positioned to serve as intercepts. The paper also shares a brief report of a stone effigy of a probable bighorn sheep that appears to be associated with an ice patch. Such features are emblematic of spiritual provisioning in the alpine.Item Developing a Response to Secondary Trauma for American Indian and Rural Service Providers(The Ohio State University Libraries, 2022-05) Knight, Kelly E.; Ellis, Colter; Matt Salois, EmilyHow can victim service providers, the organizations they work for, and the communities they serve help respond to the issue of occupation-based secondary trauma? Over the last few years, federal agencies in the United States have spent millions in research and programming to answer this important scientific and policy question. The current study builds on this work by describing and evaluating a community-based participatory research project focused on finding manageable, effective, sustainable, and ethical ways to respond to occupation-based secondary trauma in two separate communities: a rural American Indian community, Blackfeet Tribal Nation, and a predominantly white county in Montana, Gallatin County, United States. Findings from evaluation questionnaires (n=178; 80.10% women; 64.60% American Indian; 29.14% White) representing a wide range of occupations document that: (1) the implementation of the project was successful; (2) toolkits created for the project were useful to both individual participants and organizations; (3) training outcomes improved significantly; and (4) findings were consistent across the two different community contexts. Contributions, lessons learned, and future directions are discussed.Item Determinants of Poor Health Among Workers in Criminal Justice, Community and Social Services, and Healthcare: Adverse Childhood Experiences, Workplace Trauma Exposure, and Gender Differences(Informa UK Limited, 2021-12) Knight, Kelly E.; Ellis, Colter; Neu, Joshua; Miller, Tristan; Talcott, Amy K.Adverse childhood experiences and workplace trauma exposure are associated with poor health. However, their differential impacts by gender are difficult to assess in studies of organizations with gender imbalances (e.g., law enforcement officers are more likely men whereas social workers are more likely women). Using a community-based participatory research framework, this study examines trauma exposure, mental and physical health, and substance use in an occupationally diverse sample (n = 391). Trauma exposure was high and associated with poor health. Even though women experienced more adversity, they were often more resilient than men. Implications for trauma-informed workplaces are discussed.Item Secondary Trauma in the Workplace: Tools for Awareness, Self-Care, and Organizational Responses in Montana(Montana State University, 2018) Clements, Erin; Ellis, Colter; Knight, Kelly E.; McLane, Richard; Osterloth, Katharine; Powell, Christina; Saverud, Anna; Sherstad, Alanna; Talcotta, Amy Katherine; Young, KelsenThis book is written for Montana’s victim service providers—the people who have chosen to dedicate their professional lives to helping the survivors of trauma. As providers, we are the ones working day in and day out with those who have endured some of the worst life has to offer, including sexual assault, child maltreatment, domestic violence, elder abuse, hate crimes, and other forms of violence, as well as traumas related to substance abuse, housing insecurity, accidents, natural disasters, and war. For those of us in this line of work, secondary trauma—an umbrella term for the trauma that results from repeated empathetic engagement with traumatized populations—is a very real and very serious issue. Secondary trauma can result in a whole assortment of physical and emotional issues, as well as contribute to staff turnover and shortages in providers. Like most providers working in Montana and across the nation, you may never have been taught that secondary trauma is a normal byproduct of your work, or been advised how you and the organization that employs you can effectively manage it. We want to change that.Item ANTY 242 Contemporary Japan COVID-19 Assignment(Montana State University, 2020-05) Yamaguchi, Tomomi; Fukao, Chikako; Harrington, Cody; Tian, MaggieContemporary Japan General Discussion Areas -EXTRA CREDIT -COVID-19, your thoughts and experiences This is an extra credit post and you can get up to 10 points. Please share your thoughts, daily experiences, struggles and observations of the ongoing situations related to COVID-19 in the US and in the world. We will discuss the issue related to COVID-19 and Japan later, but I would like to begin our discussion based on our daily experiences. Please share anything your own thoughts, news stories, etc. on this issue. Of course you can discuss something on Japan too, but this topic is not limited to Japan.Item ANTY 428 COVID-19 Assignment(Montana State University, 2020-05) Yamaguchi, Tomomi; Gordon-Mara, Madison; Harrington, Cody; Robbins, KennedyThis is a discussion topic for your extra credits for the course (10 points) and a place for you to share your own experiences, observation and thoughts on COVID-19 and various situations, esp. socio-cultural ones - caused by this outbreak? Feel free to post anything. I would also like to discuss what is the role of anthropology and anthropologists in this situation?Item Disruptions, Dislocations, and Inequalities: Latino Families Surviving the Global Economy(2010-06) Schmalzbauer, LeahThis Article draws on field research with Honduran and Mexican transnational families and the transnational family literature to explore how global inequality is influencing gender and class relations within poor migrant families. This Article begins with an overview of the relationship between globalization, Latinola migration, and transnational family formation. The Article then details and analyzes the intersections of transnational care arrangements and the gendered and classed experiences of individual transnational family members. This Article argues that global inequality, specifically the wage gap between the Global North and the Global South, has direct implications for inequalities within Latinola families. Finally, this Article suggests that transnational families are resilient, and yet gender expectations and the economic crisis have spawned new gender, generational, and class inequalities that could potentially threaten family well-being.Item Advancing a Model of Secondary Trauma: Consequences for Victim Service Providers(2018-05) Ellis, Colter; Knight, Kelly E.A burgeoning body of scholarship is attempting to understand, normalize, and ameliorate the emotional strain of victim service provision. The literature, however, has yet to fully theorize the hazardous process of empathetic engagement with victims. As a result, concepts, mechanisms, and outcomes are often conflated, making it difficult to understand the etiological path of this occupational risk. The goal of this article is to attend to this gap by accomplishing three objectives. The first is to engage with the perspective of symbolic interaction to theoretically ground a conceptual model of secondary trauma. The second objective is to propose a model of secondary trauma that acknowledges its inherently interactional, interpretive, and, thus, vicariously transmissible nature. The third objective is to begin the work of empirically supporting this model with data from a sample of victim service providers ( n = 94) collected using in-depth interviews, focus groups, ethnographic participant observation, and community-based participatory research. Our findings suggest that victim service provision, in the form of empathetic engagement, can blur the boundary between self and other, and lead to a sense of damage in the self that manifests in unreliable self-agency, untrustworthy coherence of other, desensitized self-affectivity, and fractured self-history. This work has significant implications. We illustrate an important paradox by showing how victim service provision can be helpful to victims but harmful to providers. We also offer a pathway for reducing this harm. By specifying mechanisms of damage, the model can be used to inform policies and practices supportive of victim service providers' health and well-being.
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