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Item Coda peripheral: perceptual connections between sound expression and visual art(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Arts & Architecture, 2023) Moralez, Melanie Dawn; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Sara MastCoda Peripheral explores the relationship between visual art and sound-expressions, in correlation with my graduate program artwork. It examines various approaches to differentiate perceptions of visual art from music and sound art. My aim is to reveal ways in which visual artists, including myself, have approached visual and sound art practices, while exploring the relevance of maintaining distinctions in our modern world. In this paper, I reflect upon images from artists who have engaged with sound and/or musical themes in their visual art, as well as images from my graduate art body of work that chronicle my explorations into this subject. The rare condition of chromesthesia hints at a more commonly held, perceptual experience to link concepts of visual art and music. Visual art has become such a broad and ill-defined concept that it has evolved to capture many things, including sound and music. In this thesis, I address several questions on perception and identifying meaning for ourselves: What are the attributes of music that are shared with visual art? How might we challenge perceptual values we place upon artworks? The creation and reception of art is a symbiotic cycle. Examining these concepts has led me to question how I might respond through my art.Item Strength in fragility(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Arts & Architecture, 2023) Ahn, Myung; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Jeremy HatchCeramic vessels often have humanlike aspects to them. People are drawn to these anthropomorphic qualities because they live in a human body. Clay contains both a strength and a fragility that correlates to the physical and psychological experiences people have as human beings. Physically, bodies came from the earth/clay, and if thoughts and emotions emerged out of matter, the clay form and the human form share both origin and experience. Psychologically, people redefine what is considered failure, and turn a perceived broken experience into a great gift. My ceramic work is mostly made out of paper clay that appears to be fragile, but is very resilient. The idea of success and failure as a visual art is explored in this paper. Collapses, warpages, accidents, and fusions that occur in the kiln are rearranged and reevaluated by the artist to challenge the audience's preconceived notion of beauty and success. These expected and unexpected changes in the process of making directly reflect what we face in life that is full of surprises. Accepting 'what is' in life and the outcome in the kiln helps me to be present and develop skills to see things from various angles and find beauty in it.Item The effects of atomic oxygen on silicon-carbon systems in extreme environments(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Letters & Science, 2021) Chen, David Zuyu; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Timothy Minton; Chenbiao Xu, Vanessa J. Murray and Timothy K. Minton were co-authors of the article, 'Oxidation of silicon carbide through the passive-to-active transition' submitted to the journal 'The journal of chemical physics' which is contained within this dissertation.; Chenbiao Xu and Timothy K. Minton were co-authors of the article, 'Effect of atomic oxygen on CV-1144-0 and RTV-560 silicones' submitted to the journal 'Acta astronautica' which is contained within this dissertation.; Chenbiao Xu and Timothy K. Minton were co-authors of the article, 'Effect of silicone coating on atomic oxygen reactivity with fiberform and phenolic impregnated carbon ablator' submitted to the journal 'Journal of spacecraft and rockets' which is contained within this dissertation.Vehicles traveling at hypersonic speeds require thermal protection systems (TPSs) that can withstand the extreme temperatures and reactive atomic oxygen species present in these environments. Ultra-high temperature ceramics are candidate TPSs, and many of them contain silicon carbide, allowing them to resist chemical attack by forming a protective oxide-containing layer, called passive oxidation. At very high temperatures, however, the layer will decompose, subjecting the material to ablation from reaction with O-atoms, called active oxidation, through a process called the passive-to-active oxidation transition (PAT). We have conducted molecular beam-surface scattering experiments to investigate the interactions of O-atoms with SiC at high temperatures, which revealed that with a lower fluence of O-atoms above the PAT, the SiC surface undergoes graphitization, while a sufficiently higher fluence of O-atoms promotes active oxidation. Analysis of the oxide layer decomposition revealed a decomposition process that initiated at the oxide-SiC interface. These insights will be useful for the development of more accurate predictive models, but they also aided understanding of the ablation of silicone-coated heat shields for atmospheric entry applications. For these applications, phenolic impregnated carbon ablator (PICA), a material composed of a carbon fiber network (FiberForm) and a resole phenolic resin stable against high heat convection and conduction, is used. Silicone is sprayed onto PICA to reduce dust, but the silicone can also form an oxide layer, which, like on SiC, will resist O-atom attack until it decomposes at very high temperatures, exposing the underlying material to reactive O-atoms. We conducted additional experiments in which a beam of atomic oxygen was directed at silicone-coated and uncoated samples of PICA as well as FiberForm, which revealed high nonreactive O-atom product scattering when the oxide layer was present, while with the decomposition of the oxide, product scattering resembled O-atom scattering from the underlying substrate. Additional studies probed the oxidation layer that is formed on pure silicone during O-atom bombardment, which revealed a three orders of magnitude reduction in erosion yield compared to that of Kapton H, a polyimide. This new data on PICA and FiberForm has been provided to NASA Ames for their development of an ablation model.Item Common ground: finding an American aesthetic in ceramics through the history of wilderness and ceramic art in America(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Arts & Architecture, 2021) Botelho Alvarez, Alejandro Manuel; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Josh DeWeeseMy quest to find a unifying principle that constitutes 'American ceramics' has led me to survey the histories of studio ceramics in America and Wilderness and Nature in America. I've discovered resounding similarities between the two: both were responses to a flagging sense of identity and a hope to (nostalgically) confirm and promote certain values and worldviews (over others). Both our relationships with nature and American studio ceramics are monolithic in their founding ideals and have persisted into the 21st century; both have been fundamental in my upbringing and have codified my own worldview. However, I've become sensitive to the fact these particular values are rooted in privilege, are fundamentally exclusionary, and are ripe for a reexamination. In this paper I propose that we revisit the bearing of the values that wilderness and the aesthetic judgements of ceramics in the early 20th century have on society today. It does not mean that these traditions should be totally abandoned. Instead, I am convinced that a more pluralistic and inclusive approach to both is a more holistic way forward. By appraising the histories of wilderness and ceramics in America I hope to uncover some of the unrecognized people and cultures that have been deliberately redacted from the history. In so doing, I expect to find similarities and trends within the existing canon that are commonly celebrated and introduce the forgotten traditions back into the fold, such that it might lead to a new vision for American ceramics. In conclusion, I hope that this rediscovered American aesthetic might be the framework in which I create my own body of work, with a particular appeal towards process rather than form, as a criterion of excellence. With an understanding that American studio pottery has many different traditions to pull from that are still being 'digested', but that these diverse inspirations is not a weakness, but a strength.Item Ontogenesis(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Arts & Architecture, 2019) Sprenger, Megan Gwynn; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Jeremy HatchWhen one experiences place, do they comprehend what they are experiencing and think nothing of it, or do they find themselves lost in their own contemplations of place? In my research, I will discuss the importance of place and how it is a mirrored developed experience with that of the city and of self. This is done through the notions of space, place, and time. I have painstakingly constructed a body of work that relates these three important factors of humankind's growth and experience through the use of ceramics, wood, and other mixed media materials. It is my intention to bring to light the systems in which this mirrored development exists. Each section interweaves my own personal experiences. Interweaving research I have done through phenomenology, urban planning and human develop[ment].Item Beyond the white cube(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Arts & Architecture, 2019) Stout Bashioum, Jonathan Braden; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Josh DeWeeseMy thesis explores the role of pottery in the gallery versus in the outside world. My methods included manipulation of the gallery space, renovation of a bus into a mobile gallery and experimentation with larger wood fired vessels. This resulted in a thesis exhibition that was generally well received and resulted in some helpful insights into having a studio art career in Montana.Item The material verse agency of the innate(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Arts & Architecture, 2019) Levy, Matthew John; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Dean AdamsAs technology advances, people around the world are losing, to a large degree, the material intelligence that once allowed humanity to engage and create from the world around them. In the field of ceramics alone more artists have streamlined their understanding of process and even the very nature of the substances they use daily, such as clay. I believe that by sourcing and processing local materials, if not indigenous to the area in which I live, Bozeman Montana, I can create works that speak directly to the landscape in which these materials are found. Further, by understanding the very chemical makeup of these rocks and clays I can develop ways to display these elements, such as copper, iron and manganese through installation art and utilitarian vessels. Creating installation art made of raw, unprocessed clay and supported by internal steel frames, I sought to display the plasticity of clays along with their inherent weaknesses which are exposed as the materials dry and crack apart. In addition, I created modular tiles made from fused, crushed rock sourced from the area surrounding Butte, Montana. These modular panels and pavers speak to the latent abilities of refractory minerals like Silica, Alumina and Feldspar to melt at lower temperatures when combined together. Called a eutectic, this phenomenon is crucial for the creation of ceramic materials and glazes. In conjunction with installation-based art, I have shared my understanding of materiality by 'stretching' crushed rocks like granites and even man-made mining byproducts such as copper slag as glazes over utilitarian vessels. As a glaze the metals and other elements found in these materials create rich and vibrant surfaces, speaking to the landscapes from which they are found. Finally, in this paper, I will discuss how a deeper understanding of materiality is essential to humanity's advancement and how the very agency that these inanimate objects invoke is larger than we perceive.Item Freeze foaming: a novel process for the synthesis of foam ceramics(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Engineering, 2018) Johnson, Nathaniel Peyton; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Stephen W. SofieFoam is a class of materials that was developed only after World War II and ceramic foams are still in development. Many of the processes for synthesizing ceramic foam require the burning out of a polymer scaffold or the use of chemical reactions to generate pores. This thesis investigates the development of a novel synthesis approach called freeze foaming. In the freeze foaming process, pores are made by putting an aqueous solution under vacuum. The reduced pressure causes the air within the slurry to expand and form bubbles. Then once the foam is formed, it is frozen into place. Then the water is removed from the system through sublimation. Finally, the foam is densified by traditional sintering. After successfully creating ceramic foam samples, the parameters in the freeze foaming process were identified and investigated. Foam samples were characterized by taking density measurements, examining the macrostructure and microstructure with light microscopy, and determining mechanical properties through compression testing. In the end, highly porous foam samples with adjustable properties were synthesized using a novel manufacturing process.Item Right here / over there(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Arts & Architecture, 2018) Rudolph, Kelsie; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Josh DeWeeseI am curious to find the places where all of humanity fundamentally overlaps, whether that is through feelings or objects or both. Through an elongated process of sensory observation, we can retain this knowledge for the long-term. Here there is more time and room to search for commonalities across cultural and social systems. Finding commonalities between myself and the people, places and objects I interact with is grounding. These experiences provide me with the emotionally loaded act of feeling. The objects within the exhibition are an abstract visualization of an inner presence experienced in my own search for commonalities between various cultural systems, human interaction, and material complexities.Item Sintering in ceramics and solid oxide fuel cells(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Engineering, 2017) Hunt, Clay Dale; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Stephen W. Sofie; David Driscoll, Adam Weisenstein and Stephen W. Sofie were co-authors of the article, 'Nickel nitrate and molybdenum oxide as a yttria-stabilized zirconia sintering aid' in the journal 'Processing, properties, and design of advanced ceramics and composites' which is contained within this thesis.; Marley Zachariasen, David Driscoll and Stephen W. Sofie were co-authors of the article, 'Current degradation rate quantification of solid oxide fuel cells with and without aluminum titanate' which is contained within this thesis.; David Driscoll and Stephen W. Sofie were co-authors of the article, 'Constant rate of heating definition of the undefined function of density of the Wang and Raj equation for 8YSZ' which is contained within this thesis.; David Driscoll and Stephen W. Sofie were co-authors of the article, 'Constant rate of heating definition of undefined density function for 8YSZ with a sintering aid' which is contained within this thesis.; David Driscoll and Stephen W. Sofie were co-authors of the article, 'Constant temperature definition of the undefined density function for 8YSZ' which is contained within this thesis.; David Driscoll and Stephen W. Sofie were co-authors of the article, 'Constant temperature definition of the undefined density function of 8YSZ with a sintering aid' which is contained within this thesis.Nature's propensity to minimize energy, and the change in energy with respect to position, drives diffusion. Diffusion is a means by which mass transport resulting in the bonding of the particles of a powder compact can be achieved without melting. This phenomenon occurs in powdered materials near their melting temperature, and is referred to as 'sintering'. Because of the extreme melting temperature of some materials, sintering might be the only practical means of processing. The complexity and subtlety of sintering ceramics motivated the evaluation of empirical data and existing sintering models. This project examined polycrystalline cubic-zirconia sintering with and without transition-metal oxide additions that change sintering behavior. This study was undertaken to determine how sintering aids affect the driving force, and activation energy, the energy barrier that must be overcome in order for an atom or ion to diffuse, of the densification occurring during sintering. Examination of commercially-available cubic-zirconia powder sintering behavior was undertaken with dilatometry, which allows monitoring of the length change a material undergoes as it sinters, and with scanning electron microscopy, which facilitates the study of sintered-sample microstructure. MATLAB algorithms quantifying sintering results were developed. Results from this work include proposed definitions of a 26-year-old undefined function of density factor in a well-accepted mathematical model of sintering. These findings suggest activation energy is not changing with density, as is suggested by recent published results. The first numerical integration of the studied sintering model has been performed. With these tools, a measure of the activation energy of densification of cubic-zirconia with and without the addition of cobalt-oxide as a sintering aid has been performed. The resulting MATLAB algorithms can be used in future sintering studies. It is concluded that sintering enhancement achieved with cobalt-oxide addition comes from reduction in activation energy of densification of cubic-zirconia. Further, it is suggested that the activation energy of densification does not change with material density. This conclusion is supported by the sensitivity of the numerical integration of the aforementioned sintering model to changes in activation energy.