Scholarship & Research
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Item Blackfoot traditional knowledge, bison drive lines, and geospatial analysis(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Letters & Science, 2024) Edmo, Kendall Rae; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: David B. McWethy; This is a manuscript style paper that includes co-authored chapters.Bison drive lines provide material evidence of ancestral Blackfoot practices. The spatial dimensions of drive lines highlight a sophisticated understanding of bison-environment interactions and the strategic use of geographic landforms and environmental features to maintain a critical lifeway. Here we examine broad-scale landscape use patterns among prehistoric Blackfoot bison hunters on the Northwestern Plains through an analysis of a network of drive lines in traditional Blackfoot territory (US) using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and previous archaeological and anthropological research. The findings of this study show that ancestral Blackfoot designed bison drive lines to be positioned in proximity to key landscape resources including water, forested areas, and wetlands and kettle lakes. This study builds on previous research that applies an Indigenous archaeological framework that incorporates ethnohistoric narratives and traditional knowledge to provide important context for understanding the relationship between ancestral Blackfoot, bison, and the cultural landscape. Examining the relationship between drive lines and landscape features helps advance our understanding of the Blackfoot knowledge system that has adapted and endured for millennia.Item Legends, lines, learning: GIS map focused curriculum and its effect on student learning and engagement(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Letters & Science, 2022) Hodge, Katherine Waller; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: C. John GravesThough maps have been part of classroom curricula for thousands of years, digital mapping resources are a new tool for teachers. However, how effective are digital maps, like GIS, at teaching students historical as well as science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) information? In this study, five 7th and 8th grade level classrooms in Montana and Wyoming were given a curriculum with GIS maps to pilot. The results have shown that students learn very well with GIS maps and absorbed the information. The data showed that student confidence with STEM and digital learning platforms increased. Additionally, the qualitative data from the teachers showed that ArcGIS is a user-friendly platform they enjoyed using as a teaching tool. These results indicate that digital maps, like physical maps, are valuable teaching tools from which students benefit.Item The impacts of Global Information Systems (GIS) learning activities on high school students' attitudes and behaviors(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Letters & Science, 2021) Calvi, Gabriel; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Greg FrancisDo students view using computer based mapping software or Global Information Systems (GIS) as hands-on, real-world learning activities? This study investigated student attitudes and behaviors around using GIS in a high school earth science curriculum. A single treatment compared three types of assignments during one unit of study. Students engaged in a traditional hands-on lab, a computer based assignment, and an assignment that used GIS. Students engagement for each assignment was measured using an observation rubric, completion rates were monitored, and student attitudes were tested using a student survey and student interviews. Students demonstrated a preference for hands-on labs, and GIS assignments were viewed as more hands-on when compared to other computer-based assignments. Students perceived GIS assignments as more relevant than other assignments. GIS assignments can be used to increase relevance in an earth science curriculum and to make computer-based curriculum feel more hands-on.Item Remote sensing for wetland restoration analysis: Napa-Sonoma Marsh as case study(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 2019) Bryne, Charles; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Scott PowellHuman-caused ecosystem change and habitat loss is a major worldwide concern. Wetland loss has been remarkable worldwide and in the US. In the San Francisco Bay system, the largest estuary on the eastern rim of the Pacific Ocean and a biodiversity hotspot, more than 90 percent of the wetlands have been lost to urban development, salt production and agriculture, a loss that primarily occurred in the century following 1850. Restoration is our primary mechanism for confronting this challenge. While wetland restoration design has advanced dramatically since the early designs of the 1980s, restoration analysis and evaluation remain challenges that until now have wholly or primarily required on-site sampling. This is a major challenge for larger restoration projects, such as the Napa- Sonoma Salt Marsh restoration in California. Previous studies have indicated that the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) has been used in some restoration analyses with apparent success, but data is limited. To better understand its potential, this study examines issues in restoration analysis in the context of wetland restorations. By comparing pre- and post-restoration remote sensing data, I found that two sites in the Napa-Sonoma Marsh restoration demonstrated mixed NDVI results and that changes depended on subarea and whether median or maximum NDVI was analyzed. The mixed results are explained by several factors: the inherent limitations of NDVI; the large restoration size; the fact that wetlands, less vegetated, present special challenges for analysis; and the fact that it is early in the post-restoration period. The case study supports the use of remote sensing and GIS for restoration analysis and evaluation, but also emphasizes their current limitations. Many of these limitations, which hinge on the complexity of the potential data involved, are likely to be addressed in the next generation as the relevant technology continues to develop.Item Generalizing and transferring a GIS-based species distribution model: from one hot spot to another(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 2018) Garcia Neto, Narciso; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Clayton B. MarlowSpecies distribution models (SDMs) are efficient simulations of the distribution of species across geographical space and help to understand the spatial patterns of biological diversity. However, they are not designed to provide a description of species habitats. Geographic information systems (GIS) combined with SDMs have been used to illustrate the distribution and infer the sustainability and capability of habitats, to explore ecological relationships, serve as selection of vegetation types, avoidance of habitat disturbed by humans, establishing factors like predation, and to identify landscapes favorable for establishment of a new population. Despite the large number of SDMs papers published within the last decade, the practical utility of these models in the conservation management field remain sparse. The main objective of this research was to develop techniques for habitat modelling based on presence/availability data depicted by illustrative habitat maps and to test the new model on different landscapes. Resource selection function was used to develop a new model for the Yellowstone bison herd from published habitat maps. The predictor variables within the new model were elevation, ruggedness, profile curvature, percent of tree cove, Horizontal and vertical distance to water. The new model was then transferred and tested with field data from the National Bison Range and Grand Teton bison herds. The top predictive model performed better for the Yellowstone and Grand Teton herds than for National Bison Range herd. The output of this research indicated that habitat maps could work as source of land use by wildlife through transference to new areas of interest especially when local use data is not available.Item Development of GIS/GPS methodology of minesite soil salvaging(Montana State University - Bozeman, 1994) Lindberg, Steven Dennis; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: D. J. DollhopfItem Modeling soil productivity in Montana using a Geographic Information System and existing data bases(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Letters & Science, 1998) Langner, UteItem Soil and terrain attributes for predicting soil fertility and winter wheat yield(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 1993) McEachern, Kirk LowndesItem Invasive plant mapping : a standardized system(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 2002) Cooksey, DianaItem Software development for automatic steering and implement control of agricultural equipment utilizing the global positioning system and a geographic information system(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 1994) Mosdal, Brian Thomas