Scholarship & Research
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Item Interactive policy effects of the 2010 Oxycontin reformulation(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 2021) Baan, Joseph Bradford; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Isaac SwensenIn this paper I estimate the additional effects counties with active Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs and Medical Marijuana Laws felt after the 2010 OxyContin reformulation compared to counties without these laws. I also estimate the effect of each additional Substance Abuse Treatment facility as well after the reformulation. I find that counties with PDMPs and MMLs see the morphine equivalent of a 6.557 and 4.681 grams decrease in the Oxycodone shipped to pharmacies for every 1000 people. Each additional SAT is associated with a 0.11 Morphine Grams Equivalent decrease. For reference 6.557 represents about 3% of the county average of MGE in Oxycodone.Item The repeal of Montana's medical marijuana act and traffic fatalities(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 2020) Lantz, Scott Bryan; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Mark AndersonOver the last several years, marijuana legalization has become a popular piece of state legislation. While most legislation is focused on the passage of these laws for marijuana use, Montana, in 2011, rescinded a previously passed medical marijuana law with Senate Bill 423. This thesis examines the relationship between rescinding a medical marijuana law and traffic fatalities, one of the leading causes of death in America, in Montana after Senate Bill 423 was passed. I test for a causal effect using a synthetic control approach along with a weighted regression using data from the Fatal Analysis and Reporting System with data from 2001-2017. I find that the synthetic control groups saw similar patterns in traffic fatalities despite not rescinding a medical marijuana law. The weighted regression analysis also shows that there is no statistical difference in traffic fatalities after the policy in Montana.Item Medical cannabis: healthcare professionals' attitudes, perceptions, and behaviors(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Nursing, 2020) Earle, Kelly A.; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Sandra Benavides-VaelloBackground: The medical marijuana industry and the sociopolitical atmosphere in which it exists have evolved tremendously over the past decade. However, little is known about the healthcare professionals' attitudes, perceptions, and behavior toward patient use of medical marijuana. In order to understand the legitimacy of medical cannabis in the future of palliative care, it is important to understand the beliefs and perceptions of healthcare professionals. Objectives: The purpose of this scholarly project was to (1) assess the attitudes, perceptions, and behavior of healthcare professionals surrounding medical cannabis through an online survey, (2) provide a live learning opportunity about medical cannabis to staff at an 89-bed rural hospital, and (3) determine if the educational opportunity allowed for staff to feel more comfortable discussing medical marijuana with patients. Methods: A Survey pretest was sent out via email to the staff at Bozeman Health Deaconess Hospital. The largest number of participants were RNs or LPNs (67%, n=103) followed by MDs or DOs (15%, n=23) and NPs (10%, n=16). A live educational opportunity was provided for staff members. Those staff were asked to participate in a post-survey after the educational opportunity. Results: Most of the participants cared for patients who use medical marijuana (n=108, 70%). Furthermore, 13 (64%) MDs/DOs and 13 (67%) NPs/PAs either agree or strongly agree that medical cannabis is a legitimate therapy. Fifty people participated in the live educational opportunity, of which 20 participated in the post-survey. Post-survey demonstrated: 12 (60%) said they felt more comfortable discussing cannabis with patients, five (25%) said they were not more comfortable, and three (15%) said they did not know if they felt more comfortable after the educational opportunity. Discussion: With the growing number of users across the United States, it will be essential that those who work in patient-care areas are able to bring clarity to patients who may be curious about the use of medical cannabis for palliative measures. However, more research is needed, specifically surrounding the longitudinal effects of chronic use of cannabis.Item The effect of marijuana legalization on small bank competitive advantages(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 2018) Refsland, Erika Lynn; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Joseph AtwoodFederal regulation requires that banks have specialized and sophisticated tools to prevent, identify, and record money laundering. Cash generated in states where recreational marijuana is legalized qualifies as illicit at the federal level. As such, the increase of marijuana cash in the market represents an increase in money laundering risk, to which banks must respond according to regulatory expectations. Because of scale advantages and the relationship-based nature of their transactions, small community banks may face greater constraints in responding to this risk relative to medium-to-large banks. To test this, I observe 105 banks over 12 years during a time when recreational marijuana legalization occurred in four states. I estimate bank performance with a non-parametric linear programming approach of data envelopment analysis. With marijuana legalization and bank size regressed on these measures of performance, and controlling for bank and year fixed effects, I find that small community banks in marijuana states are, on average, further from the best practice frontier relative to medium-to-large banks.Item The relationship between marijuana usage and academic performance(Montana State University - Bozeman, 1974) White, Christie Rae; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Richard K. HorswillItem The political economy of medical marijuana(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Agriculture, 2014) Elsea, David Darlington; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Mark AndersonThe purpose of this research is to provide insight into the political economy of medical marijuana laws and the role diverse interest groups play in shaping drug regulation. This research tests the claims of marijuana activists that asset forfeiture and lobbying of law enforcement groups has impeded the relaxation of marijuana regulation. This is accomplished by examining the effect of law enforcement collective bargaining and the proportion of seized assets returned to law enforcement agencies on the passage of medical marijuana laws between 1990 and 2010.