Biodegradable composite hydromulches for sustainable organic horticulture

Abstract

In agriculture, mulch helps retain soil moisture and temperature while preventing weed growth. The most common material used for commercial mulching is low-density polyethylene (LDPE). At the end of the growing season, this plastic is typically buried or burned, causing a negative impact on the environment. This project aims to develop an alternative to LDPE mulch that is acceptable for organic farming and biodegradable. The tested hydromulch (HM) treatments contain a mixture of paper pulp, wood fiber, or hemp hurds combined with a tackifier and water. The tackifiers evaluated were guar gum, psyllium husk, and camelina meal, at various concentrations. These treatments were tested for tensile strength, puncture resistance, rain fastness, density, soil adhesion, porosity, and C:N ratio. The results have shown that samples containing tackifiers outperformed the control that contained no tackifier in the strength tests but not in the rain fastness or soil adhesion tests. Paper was the best fibrous material and guar gum was the top performing tackifier. When tackifier blends were considered, an interaction between two tackifiers occurred resulting in a decrease in strength. Blends containing wood fiber and hemp hurds did not show promising results. The puncture resistance of all mulches significantly decreased at 50% moisture level regardless of tackifier type. Some formulations performed well and could be promising in future field trials. The next step will be to examine these formulations outdoors in large-scale field studies.