Critical Care Work Environments and Personal Safety

Abstract

Workplace violence (WPV) in healthcare, especially in high-stress environments like ICUs, is rising and often underreported. Nurses are the most affected, facing both patient-initiated violence—often due to delirium—and interpersonal aggression such as bullying. WPV leads to burnout, job dissatisfaction, turnover, and compromised patient care. Despite the high costs, there are no national mandates for prevention. Evidence supports a multifaceted approach including OSHA, NICE, and RNAO guidelines, focused on policy changes, staff training, and supportive workplace culture. Reporting mechanisms and leadership accountability are key to improving safety and reducing the prevalence and impact of WPV.