Browsing by Author "Jackson, G."

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Influence of the distribution of the manganese-oxidizing bacterium, Leptothrix discophora, on ennoblement of type 316L stainless steel
(2004-07) Campbell, Scott C.; Geesey, Gill G.; Lewandowski, Zbigniew; Jackson, G.
Type 316L (UNS 31603) stainless steel (SS) was ennobled to an open-circuit potential (OCP) of 323 mV vs saturated calomel electrode (SCE) within a 5-day period due to the deposition of manganese oxides on the metal surface by a monospecies biofilm of Leptothrix discophora. However, the same metal experienced only partial ennoblement, achieving a maximum potential of 143 mVSCE during the same period when colonized by a three-species biofilm containing L. discophora, and even this level of ennoblement by the mixed-species biofilm was only transient since the potential decreased to 122 mVSCE shortly after achieving the maximum potential. The mixed-species biofilm was significantly thicker (>200 µm) than the L. discophora monospecies biofilm (120 µm). Using 16s rRNA probes specific for L. discophora, fluorescent in-situ hybridization revealed cells to be heterogeneously distributed throughout the monospecies biofilm. In the three-species biofilm, 16s rRNA probes revealed a homogeneous layer of L. discophora that resided proximal to the biofilm-bulk solution phase. At the most distal position from the biofilm-bulk solution phase near the glass-biofilm interface there existed very few to no L. discophora. Microelectrode studies revealed the presence of oxygen (3.85 mg/L to 4.35 mg/L) at the monospecies-glass substratum interface in 50% of the areas of the substratum assayed. No oxygen was detected at the three-species biofilm-glass interface where the thickness of the overlying biofilm exceeded 200 µm. The results suggest that ennoblement of Type 316L SS by L. discophora depends on oxygen accessibility to cells proximal to the substratum.
Phosphorous Fertilizer for Pea, Lentil, and Chickpea (2003)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2003) Chen, Chengci; Jackson, G.; Neill, Karnes E.; Wichman, David M.; Vavrovsky, Joe
This paper investigates fertilizer P response in pea, lentil, and chickpea in central and north central low P soils; investigates fertilizer P effects on spring type pea, lentil, and chickpea seedling vigor and seed quality; and investigate Fertilizer P effects on winter type pea and lentil winter survival and seed and hay quality. Due to the summer drought this year, like other spring crops, pea and lentil and chickpea yielded lower than normal years and fertilizer P effects on yield was minimal under such conditions. Further study is needed to test yield response to fertilizer P in central Montana in normal climatic conditions.
Phosphorous Fertilizer for Pea, Lentil, and Chickpea – 2004 Progress Report
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2004) Chen, Chengci; Jackson, G.; Neill, Karnes E.; Wichman, David M.; Miller, John H.; Vavrovsky, Joe
This paper investigates fertilizer P response in pea, lentil, and chickpea in central and north central low P soils; fertilizer P effects on spring type pea, lentil, and chickpea seedling vigor and seed quality; and fertilizer P effects on winter type pea and lentil winter survival and seed and hay quality. Both winter and spring type legumes produced good yields this year at the CARC site. However, the yields were low at the Cut Bank site due to drought. The chickpea trial was abandoned.
Statewide Evaluation of Chickpea (Garbonzo Bean) Variety Performance (Montana Uniform Chickpea Performance Trial)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2001) Wichman, David M.; Neill, Karnes E.; Eckhoff, Joyce L.; Holmes, Jeffrey A.; Jackson, G.; Kephart, Ken D.; Lamb, Peggy F.; Miller, James B.; Miller, Perry R.; Muehlbauer, F.J.; Short, R.W.
This report evaluates grain yield potential of chickpea varieties under dryland conditions across Montana. Drought-like conditions persisted into the 2001 cropping year across much of Montana. Below normal growing season precipitation was recorded at all sites, with Sidney being the exception. The above normal precipitation that fell during June, followed by warm humid conditions, at the Sidney site accelerated an outbreak of Ascochyta blight causing severe damage to the chickpea trial. Low grain yields were reported at the Conrad site which received only 2.28 inches of precipitation between seeding date and end of July. By summarizing four years (1998-2001) of performance trials, statewide, Dwelley (kabuli-type) chickpea was out yielded by all other varieties of chickpeas evaluated, except for the one-year trial at Bozeman (Table 23).
Statewide Evaluation of Chickpea (Garbonzo Bean) Variety Performance (Montana Uniform Chickpea Performance Trial) (2002)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2002) Wichman, David M.; Neill, Karnes E.; Eckhoff, Joyce L.; Holmes, Jeffrey A.; Jackson, G.; Kephart, Ken D.; Lamb, Peggy F.; Miller, James B.; Miller, Perry R.; Muehlbauer, F.J.; Short, R.W.
This report evaluates grain yield potential of chickpea varieties under dryland conditions across Montana (Moccasin Testing Site Only). Drought-like conditions persisted into the 2002 cropping year across much of Montana. Below normal growing season precipitation was recorded at all sites at Moccasin, which received only 86% of its normal growing season precipitation from May 1 through July 31. An outbreak of Ascochyta blight was detected on July 15th, and an application of Quadris was applied to suppress the disease until the plots could be harvested. A severe thunderstorm accompanied by hail, hit the site on August 20th, causing at least 50% losses in yield (Table 13). Desi and small kabuli chickpea grain yields, since 1998, have averaged 1,300 pounds per acre under dryland conditions at Moccasin (Table 15). By analysis (which extrapolates yields over missing years), CDC Desiray has been the best grain producer, averaging 1,422 pounds of grain per acre (23.7 bu/acre). However, it has not significantly out produced any of the other desi-/small kabuli-type chickpeas. The large kabuli chickpeas have averaged only 363 pounds per acre (includes the hail damaged yields of 2002). It is unclear at this time what is causing the low kabuli-yields reported at Moccasin. Further research is needed. CDC Xena, had the best 4-year grain average, producing 437 pound per acre.
Statewide Evaluation of Dry Pea Variety Performance (Montana Statewide Dry Pea Performance Trial) (2001)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2001) Wichman, David M.; Neill, Karnes E.; Eckhoff, Joyce L.; Holmes, Jeffrey A.; Jackson, G.; Kephart, Ken D.; Lamb, Peggy F.; Miller, James B.; Miller, Perry R.
This report evaluates the performance of dry pea varieties under different climatic and cropping conditions across Montana. Drought-like conditions persisted into the 2001 cropping year across much of Montana. Below normal growing season precipitation was recorded at all sites, with Sidney being the exception. However, Sidney had below normal moisture conditions at seeding and received much above normal precipitation in June. The Conrad-dryland site received only 2.28 inches of crop-year precipitation (April 26th - July 25th), of which 1.53 inches fell in June. The irrigated site at Conrad was abandoned due to a severe kochia (K. scoparia) weed infestation and deer pressures. Statewide dryland dry pea grain yields from 1999 through 2001 have averaged 1,457 pounds per acre (24.3 bu/acre), with Sidney-dryland (1,791 lbs/acre) having the highest four-year average dryland yield (Table 8). Statewide, Carrera yellow pea, with an average dry pea production of 1,919 pounds per acre, along with Eclipse and Victoria yellow peas (equal to Carrera at 5% level), has been the best dry pea grain producer under dryland environments (Table 9). Espace green pea (1,904 lbs/acre) has been the top producing green pea variety (not significant at 5% level). In two years of irrigated trials at Conrad, Swing yellow pea had the best performance, however was only significantly better than Carrera yellow, Melrose Austrian winter and Trapper small yellow peas.
Statewide Evaluation of Dry Pea Variety Performance (Montana Statewide Dry Pea Performance Trial) (2002)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2002) Wichman, David M.; Neill, Karnes E.; Eckhoff, Joyce L.; Holmes, Jeffrey A.; Jackson, G.; Kephart, Ken D.; Lamb, Peggy F.; Miller, James B.; Miller, Perry R.
This report evaluates the performance of dry pea varieties under different climatic and cropping conditions across Montana (Moccasin Testing Site Only). Drought-like conditions persisted into the 2002 cropping year across much of Montana. At the Moccasin site, crop-year precipitation (April through July) was 86% of normal, receiving 1.14 inches below the normal growing season precipitation. Dry pea grain yields for selected varieties that have been included in the Statewide Dry Pea Performance Trial at Moccasin for three (3) or more of the five years (1998 - 2002) the trials have been conducted, were summarized (Table 5). Dry pea grain production of these selected varieties has averaged 1,666 pounds per acre (27.8 bu/acre) and has increased since 1998. With an average dry pea production of 1,967 pounds per acre, Grande, smooth yellow pea, has been the best grain producer, but has not had significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher production than CDC Handel, CDC Mozart and Swing smooth yellow peas. Compared with Trapper yellow field pea (a forage type), all varieties tested, with the exception of the Austrian winter pea Granger, have consistently out-yielded Trapper.
Statewide Evaluation of Lentil Variety Performance (Montana Statewide Lentil Performance Trial) (2001)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2001) Wichman, David M.; Eckhoff, Joyce L.; Neill, Karnes E.; Holmes, Jeffrey A.; Jackson, G.; Kephart, Ken D.; Lamb, Peggy F.; Miller, James B.; Miller, Perry R.
This report evaluates the performance of lentil varieties under different cropping conditions across Montana. Drought-like conditions persisted into the 2001 cropping year across much of Montana. Below normal growing season precipitation was recorded at all sites, with the Sidney site being the exception. The Sidney site had below normal moisture conditions at seeding and received much above normal precipitation in June. The Conrad site received only 2.28 inches of precipitation during the growing season (April 26th - July 25th), of which 1.53 inches fell in June. Looking at multi-year variety yields compared to Laird green lentil at all locations, indicated that most varieties perform equal to or better than Laird, except for at the Huntley site, where Laird tended to do better than the majority of the other lentils evaluated (Table 16). By comparing yields from the 2001 field season to the statewide four-year (1998-2001) average (Tables 12 and 16, respectively), lentil production, under dryland environments, in 2001 was 91% of the four-year statewide trial average (923 lbs/acre and 1,019 lbs/acre, respectively). With an average dryland grain production of 1,159 pounds per acre, CDC Richlea green lentil has been the highest statewide grain yielding lentil over four years of testing. Moccasin lentil yields were the only dryland site where 2001 lentil production was greater than that sites four-year average (1,137 and 1,114 lbs/acre, respectively). Lentil yields in the 2001 season at Corvallis were 166% of that sites two-year average (2,255 and 1,361 lbs/acre, respectively) and over 700 pounds more production than the four site-year irrigated average of 1,512 pounds per acre. Over the four years of statewide lentil evaluations, the dryland grain yields averaged 1,019 pounds per acre, with Sidney, Bozeman and Moccasin having the highest average yields. Under irrigation, lentil production averaged 1,512 pounds per acre in from 1998 through 2001.
Statewide Evaluation of Lentil Variety Performance (Montana Statewide Lentil Performance Trial) (2002)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2002) Wichman, David M.; Neill, Karnes E.; Eckhoff, Joyce L.; Holmes, Jeffrey A.; Jackson, G.; Kephart, Ken D.; Lamb, Peggy F.; Miller, James B.; Miller, Perry R.
This report evaluates the performance of lentil varieties under different climatic and cropping conditions across Montana. Drought-like conditions persisted into the 2002 cropping year across much of Montana. At the Moccasin site, crop-year precipitation (April through July) was 86% of normal, which received 1.14 inches below the normal growing season precipitation. Selected lentil entries’ grain yields, which were involved in the Statewide Lentil Performance Trial for three or more years since 1998, were summarized (Table 10). Since 1998, CDC Milestone, a small green lentil (Eston-type), had the most lentil grain production, with an average of 1,431 pounds per acre (23.9 bu/acre), but was only significantly greater than Laird, French Green, Crimson and Indianhead lentils. Overall, lentil yields at Moccasin have averaged just over 1,200 pounds per acre (20 bu/acre), between 1998 and 2002. When yields were compared with Laird large green lentil (an industry standard), only CDC Milestone had consistently better yields than Laird (125% of Laird, which is greater than the LSD(0.05) of 20%).
Variety Selection and Agronomic Technology to Reduce Heat, Water, and Pest Stress of Canola in Central Montana (2003)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2003) Chen, Chengci; Wichman, David M.; Jackson, G.; Johnson, Greg; Neill, Karnes E.; Brown, Jack; Ryerson, Douglas; Johnson, Jim; Vavrovsky, Joe
This paper evaluates selected canola varieties for their adaptation to field sites in north central and central Montana, determines the optimum seeding date and rate to avoid or reduce heat and water stress without risking seedling mortality due to freezing or seed decay in cold soils, and determines the optimum seeding date and rate to avoid or reduce pest damage. Fourteen varieties and breeding lines, including regular and Clear-Field canola, were obtained from Dr. Jack Brown’s canola breeding program at University of Idaho, and three Roundup-Ready canola varieties were received from Monsanto Company and Interstate Seed Company. The canola was planted at the Central Agricultural Research Center of Montana State University, Moccasin, MT on May 30, 2003 in a tilled re-cropped field. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with four replications. The seeding rate (plant density) was 67 plants m-2. Fertilizer was applied after the canola grew to two true leaves stage at a rate of 75 kgN and 25 kgP2O5 per hectare using the broadcast method. Because of the delayed seeding (seeds arrived late) in conjunction with a severe summer drought, the experiment was a disaster. The drought during flowering and seed filling stages severely reduce canola yield. The seed yield was less than 40 kg ha-1 in this study (Table 1). Due to the severe summer drought, canola yield in 2003 was much lower than in 2002. Early seeding continued to receive higher yields than late seeding.
Variety Selection and Agronomic Technology to Reduce Heat, Water, and Pest Stress of Canola in Central Montana (2004)
(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2004) Chen, Chengci; Wichman, David M.; Jackson, G.; Johnson, Greg; Neill, Karnes E.; Rolston, Marni G.; Brown, Jack; Ryerson, Douglas; Johnson, Jim
This paper evaluates selected canola varieties for their adaptation to field sites in north central and central Montana; determines the optimum seeding date and rate to avoid or reduce heat and water stress without risking seedling mortality due to freezing or seed decay in cold soils; and determines the optimum seeding date and rate to avoid or reduce pest damage. Fourteen varieties and breeding lines, including regular and Clear-Field canola, were obtained from Dr. Jack Brown’s canola breeding program at University of Idaho, and three Roundup-Ready canola varieties were received from Monsanto Company and Interstate Seed Company. The canola was planted at the Central and Western Triangle Agricultural Research Centers (CARC and WTARC) of Montana State University. Canola seed yield is significantly affected by seeding date and rate. Early seeding date is a key for obtaining a high and stable yield. Canola should be seeded in late March to early April with a seeding rate of 33 to 67 plants m-2 in central and north central Montana. Several breeding lines from Dr. Jack Brown’s breeding program at University of Idaho showed promising in yield and oil content. However, selected cultivars for early seeding in Montana must be able to emerge in cool soils and tolerate frequent frost damages in early spring. Our preliminary study in variety evaluation and cold tolerance screening showed promising results (Table 2). Therefore, I ask the PNW Canola Research Program Committee to continue supporting my research on variety evaluation and cold tolerance screening.