Scholarly Work - Research Centers
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Item 2008 Oilseed Performance in Central Montana Trials(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2008) Wichman, David M.This paper evaluates 2008 Oilseed performance in central Montana trials. 2008 Central Montana crop growing conditions were generally less than ideal, particularly for spring crops. Droughty conditions of late 2007 persisted through early May and commenced again in mid-June following above average precipitation in May. Early spring weather consisted of frequent dry windy days with almost daily freezing and thawing of the surface soil through March and early April. The frequent freezing and thawing coupled with low relative humidity broke down the surface soil structure leaving it quite powdery. All five crops, camelina, canola yellow mustard, flax and safflower, had their highest 2008 yield from the April 17th seed date (Table 1). The germination and emergence of seedlings from the April 17th seed date occurred after area temperatures dropped below zero and wind driven snirt (snow & dirt) grated on emerged plant tissue. Earlier emerging seedlings experienced more weather related stress and some mortality. In general, Moccasin yields of cool season oilseeds, camelina, canola and yellow mustard are reduced when seeding is delayed till mid April (Table 2 & Fig. 1). The need to get cool season oilseed crops seeded in early spring may not be as critical in areas with similar growing season temperatures and deeper soils (greater plant available water) or more July precipitation.Item Evaluation of Fall Seeded Winter Pea and Lentil Line Performance (Western Regional Winter Dry Pea and Lentil Evaluation Trials) (2008)(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2008) Wichman, David M.; Chen, Chengci; Neill, Karnes E.; McPhee, K.; Short, R.W.; Vavrovsky, JoeThis paper evaluates winter hardiness of fall seeded winter dry pea and lentil lines. A difference in spring stand (visual evaluation) amongst the winter pea lines was exhibited, with Granger Austrian winter pea having the best stand, but was significantly similar to five other lines (Table 3). Upon visual observations, large differences in winter survival among the winter lentil lines were observed (Table 4). Turkish-type (“T”) lines LC02600449T and LC03600295T had the poorest spring stands with an average score of 1.6 and 1.8 (out of possible of 5), respectively.Item Western Regional Dry Pea, Lentil and Chickpea Trials (2007)(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2007) Wichman, David M.; Chen, Chengci; McPhee, K.; Muehlbauer, F.J.; Neill, Karnes E.; Short, R.W.; Vavrovsky, JoeThis paper evaluates dry pea, lentil and chickpea lines for grain production potential in dryland environments. Dry pea grain yields averaged 1,422 lbs of dry pea production per acre (Table 3). Delta smooth yellow pea had the highest grain production (1,627 lbs acre-1) but was not significantly higher than eight other pea lines (based on LSD(0.05)). Lentil yields were suppressed and may have been due to a growing nematode problem in adjacent fields (not confirmed in field trial established). The trial averaged 955.1 lbs per acre (Table 4). The “Brewer”-type lentil, Merrit, produced the most seed, averaging 1128.0 lbs acre-1, but was not statistically higher (based on LSD0.05) than eight other lines. Chickpea grain yields averaged 758.5 lbs of grain production per acre (Table 5.). Dylan kabuli-type chickpea produced the most grain (978.8 lbs acre-1), but was significantly similar to line CA0090B347C (based on LSD0.05).Item Evaluation of Fall Seeded Winter Pea and Lentil Line Performance (Western Regional Winter Dry Pea and Lentil Evaluation Trials) (2007)(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2007) Wichman, David M.; Chen, Chengci; Neill, Karnes E.; McPhee, K.; Short, R.W.; Vavrovsky, JoeThis paper evaluates winter hardiness of fall seeded winter dry pea and lentil lines. A difference in spring stand (visual evaluation) amongst the winter pea lines was exhibited, with Granger Austrian winter pea having the best stand, but was significantly similar to five other lines (Table 3). Upon visual observations, large differences in winter survival among the winter lentil lines were observed (Table 4). Turkish-type (“T”) lines LC02600449T and LC03600295T had the poorest spring stands with an average score of 1.6 and 1.8 (out of possible of 5), respectively.Item Western Regional Dry Pea, Lentil and Chickpea Trials (2005)(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2005) Wichman, David M.; Chen, Chengci; McPhee, K.; Muehlbauer, F.J.; Neill, Karnes E.; Short, R.W.; Vavrovsky, JoeThis paper evaluates dry pea, lentil and chickpea lines for grain production potential in dryland environments. Due to wet conditions in late April, the trials were seeded later (May 3rd) than desirable. As a result, yields were significantly depressed. Grain yields are reported as both harvest moisture and 12% moisture equivalent.Item Evaluation of Fall Seeded Winter Pea and Lentil Line Performance (2005)(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2005) Wichman, David M.; Chen, Chengci; McPhee, K.; Muehlbauer, F.J.; Neill, Karnes E.; Short, R.W.; Vavrovsky, JoeThis paper evaluates winter hardiness of fall seeded winter dry pea and lentil lines. All winter pea lines exhibited good winter hardiness, having a spring stand of 7.1 plants ft-2 or 95% of the target seeding rate (7.4 plants ft-2; Table 3). No differences were observed among the winter pea lines. The winter lentil lines exhibit slightly poorer winter survival than the winter pea lines. The trial had an average spring stand of 9.8 plants ft-2 or 89% of the target seeding rate (11.1 plants ft-2; Table 4).Item Western Regional Dry Pea, Lentil and Chickpea Trials (2004)(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2004) Wichman, David M.; Chen, Chengci; McPhee, K.; Muehlbauer, F.J.; Neill, Karnes E.; Short, R.W.; Vavrovsky, JoeThis paper evaluates dry pea, lentil and chickpea lines for grain production potential in dryland environments. Despite receiving 74% of the normal crop-year precipitation (April-August), pulse crop yields were higher than in recent years. This rise in yields is attributed to early seeding (April 7th), being seeded into fallow soil conditions, timely precipitation events and cool summer temperatures.Item Phosphorous Fertilizer for Pea, Lentil, and Chickpea – 2004 Progress Report(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2004) Chen, Chengci; Jackson, G.; Neill, Karnes E.; Wichman, David M.; Miller, John H.; Vavrovsky, JoeThis paper investigates fertilizer P response in pea, lentil, and chickpea in central and north central low P soils; fertilizer P effects on spring type pea, lentil, and chickpea seedling vigor and seed quality; and fertilizer P effects on winter type pea and lentil winter survival and seed and hay quality. Both winter and spring type legumes produced good yields this year at the CARC site. However, the yields were low at the Cut Bank site due to drought. The chickpea trial was abandoned.Item Variety Selection and Agronomic Technology to Reduce Heat, Water, and Pest Stress of Canola in Central Montana (2004)(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2004) Chen, Chengci; Wichman, David M.; Jackson, G.; Johnson, Greg; Neill, Karnes E.; Rolston, Marni G.; Brown, Jack; Ryerson, Douglas; Johnson, JimThis paper evaluates selected canola varieties for their adaptation to field sites in north central and central Montana; determines the optimum seeding date and rate to avoid or reduce heat and water stress without risking seedling mortality due to freezing or seed decay in cold soils; and determines the optimum seeding date and rate to avoid or reduce pest damage. Fourteen varieties and breeding lines, including regular and Clear-Field canola, were obtained from Dr. Jack Brown’s canola breeding program at University of Idaho, and three Roundup-Ready canola varieties were received from Monsanto Company and Interstate Seed Company. The canola was planted at the Central and Western Triangle Agricultural Research Centers (CARC and WTARC) of Montana State University. Canola seed yield is significantly affected by seeding date and rate. Early seeding date is a key for obtaining a high and stable yield. Canola should be seeded in late March to early April with a seeding rate of 33 to 67 plants m-2 in central and north central Montana. Several breeding lines from Dr. Jack Brown’s breeding program at University of Idaho showed promising in yield and oil content. However, selected cultivars for early seeding in Montana must be able to emerge in cool soils and tolerate frequent frost damages in early spring. Our preliminary study in variety evaluation and cold tolerance screening showed promising results (Table 2). Therefore, I ask the PNW Canola Research Program Committee to continue supporting my research on variety evaluation and cold tolerance screening.Item Evaluation of Fall Seeded Winter Pea and Lentil Line Performance (2004)(Central Agricultural Research Center, 2004) Wichman, David M.; Chen, Chengci; McPhee, K.; Muehlbauer, F.J.; Neill, Karnes E.; Short, R.W.; Vavrovsky, JoeThis paper evaluates winter hardiness of fall seeded winter dry pea and lentil lines. All winter pea lines exhibited good winter hardiness, with the trial having an average of 106% survivability (Table 3). No differences were observed among the winter pea lines. The winter lentil lines did not exhibit good winter survival as the trial averaged only 69.8% survival (Table 4). Line LC9978094 had the highest survival rating (88.5%), but was not significantly higher than lines LC9979120, WA8649041 and LC9978057.