Theses and Dissertations at Montana State University (MSU)
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://scholarworks.montana.edu/handle/1/732
Browse
7 results
Search Results
Item Change in finger force production and muscle activation in the forearms of rock climbers during treadwall climbing(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Education, Health & Human Development, 2018) Ferrara, Philip Frank, III; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: John G. Seifert; John G. Seifert, Mary P. Miles and James Becker were co-authors of the article, 'Change in finger force production and muscle activation in the forearms of climbers during treadwall climbing' submitted to the journal 'Journal of Sport Sciences' which is contained within this thesis.Rock climbing is a multi-faceted sport requiring finger flexor strength and endurance. Sustained isometric contractions lead to the build-up of metabolic byproducts that fatigue the finger flexors, however the effect of climbing ability on muscular fatigue is not fully understood. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of rock climbing ability on time to fatigue (TTF), relative finger force production (REL FP), change in FP (DeltaFP), and changes in muscle activity during bouts of climbing on a treadwall. Eight advanced (6 male, 2 female: 29.3 + or = 4.7 yrs, 69.1 + or = 6.9 kg, years experience: 11.1 + or = 5.2) and seven novice (5 male, 2 female: 21 + or = 2.3 yrs, 67.6 + or = 3.8 kg, years experience: 3.0 + or = 2.6) subjects participated. Subjects warmed-up on the treadwall and mounted force tranducer. Electromyographic (EMG) electrodes were placed over the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS), biceps brachii and triceps brachii muscle to measure motor unit action potentials. Root mean square (RMS) and median frequency (MF) were analyzed from EMG data. Subjects performed a pre-exercise, 20-second maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC PRE) with the fingertips of the dominant hand (DH) and non- dominant hand (NDH). The climbing protocol consisted of climbing for 5-minute intervals. Subjects performed another MVIC after each interval. EMG and force data were recorded during MVICs. A total of six intervals were performed, or until failure. Group comparisons were made at the 5th interval (MVIC POST). Climbing ability and handedness were analyzed using a 2x2 mixed ANOVA with repeated measures (alpha level < 0.05). Significant group differences were observed for TTF, REL FP, and percent DeltaFP and FDS DeltaMF. Advanced climbers' average REL FP during MVIC PRE was 5.6 + or = 1.4 N/kg BW and 5.2 + or = 1.6 N/kg from the DH and NDH, respectively. Novice REL FP was 3.1 + or = 0.8 N/kg BW and 3.1 + or = 1.0 N/kg. Novices DeltaFP decreased 30.8 + or = 16.0% and 24.9 + or = 18.6%, advanced climbers experienced no change. Advanced MF increased 4.8 + or = 25.9% and 7.7 + or = 18.8%, novice MF decreased 22.7 + or = 6.5% and 12.6 + or = 15.5%. In conclusion, advanced climbers demonstrated a resistance to climbing-specific fatigue during bouts of treadwall climbing.Item Genu valgum : can observable or symptomatic changes occur with an exercise protocol in collegiate women?(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Education, Health & Human Development, 2002) McCafferty, Jaime ErinItem Effect of oral creatine supplementation on upper extremity anaerobic response in females(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Education, Health & Human Development, 1996) Ward, Karyn HamiltonItem Effect of ski pole stiffness on upper body power output in cross-country skiers(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Education, Health & Human Development, 2008) Jacobson, Erik Andrew; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Daniel P. HeilThe purpose of this study was to determine whether increased pole stiffness corresponds with higher measures of upper body power in competitive cross-country skiers. Fifteen elite/college level cross-country ski racers (8 men, 7 women) tested UBP on a custom-built double-poling ergometer. Ski poles tested were two models of the same brand with different factory-specified stiffness ratings. Subjects underwent three 10 s UBP tests (W10, W) and one 60 s UBP test (W60, W) for each pole type. UBP measures were defined as the average power output over the length of each test. Video recordings of the 10 s and 60 s tests were analyzed with digital imaging software to determine the maximum bend angle for each pole type. Ergometer and kinematic measures were compared by ski poles tested (stiff vs. less stiff) using a multivariate RMANOVA.Item Dietary protein versus supplemental protein in collegiate football athletes(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Education, Health & Human Development, 2008) Kirwan, Rochelle Dian; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Mary P. Miles.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if muscle hypertrophy and strength gains in athletes can be equally attained through dietary protein intake versus protein supplementation. Methods: Performance measures, body composition, and blood lipids were compared in redshirt football players who completed an eleven week protocol of either protein supplementation (S, n=6, 28 grams 3x/week) versus whole food protein (NS, n=9, 8-28 grams 3x/week). Subjects completed two 3-day diet records to determine nutrient intake. Results: Both groups reported meeting their protein requirements, but caloric intake was below the recommendation. Similar increases (P=0.003) in lean body mass were measured in the S (pre 72.2 ± 6.6, post 73.0 ± 6.3 kg) and NS groups (69.3 ± 8.6, post 70.9 ± 8.8 kg). No significant differences were found between the two groups in performance variables. For example, bench press increased (P=0.01) from 251 ± 32 to 264 ± 36 pounds in the S group and from 245 ± 26 to 256 ± 28 in the NS group. Conclusion: Both S and NS groups consumed on average at least the recommended protein intake and protein supplementation did not offer any performance or anabolic advantage over whole food protein.Item The role of upper body power in classical cross-country skiing performance(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Education, Health & Human Development, 2005) Alsobrook, Nathan Gabriel; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Daniel P. HeilThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between upper body power (UBP) and classical cross-country ski race performance. A group of experienced skiers (7 men, 3 women) completed 3 laboratory tests of UBP on a custom-built double poling ergometer: a 10-second test, a 60-second test, and an incremental test to exhaustion lasting 240-630 seconds. All subjects also competed in the West Yellowstone NorAm race on November 26, 2004. Unfortunately, the small subject number precluded any significant analysis of these data. A second group of skiers (10 men, 5 women) completed the same laboratory testing procedure and competed in the West Yellowstone Spam Cup race on December 11, 2004. Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficients were calculated between average race speed (RS) and average 10-second power output (W10), average 60-second power output (W60), peak power output achieved during the incremental test (Wpeak), and peak oxygen uptake during the incremental test (VO2peak). After removal of 2 male subjects from the analysis, all 4 measures were found to correlate significantly with RS (r = .73-.95). Wpeak relative to bodyweight showed the highest correlation with RS (r = .95). When data was analyzed separately by gender, relative W10 was the best predictor of RS for women (r = .96) and absolute W10 was the best predictor of RS for men (r = .90). W10 and W60 were highly correlated with Wpeak for all subjects in both groups (r = .96 and .97, respectively). Regression analysis also indicated that a 5% improvement in relative Wpeak could decrease race time by as much as 39 seconds in a 10-km classical race. These findings suggest that both long and short term UBP are important for classical race performance, and that the factors determining short term UBP may be identical to those determining long term UBP.Item Neuromuscular performance and the menstrual cycle(Montana State University - Bozeman, College of Education, Health & Human Development, 2007) Lemke, Shayna Marie; Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Mary P. Miles.Women athletes are more likely to tear their anterior cruciate ligament than their male counterparts. The female athlete has a complex system of steroid hormones that are continually changing. These sex hormones that fluctuate throughout each month may influence knee injuries, specifically the anterior cruciate ligament. The increased incidence in women is thought to be multifactorial, a combination of structural, anatomical, or biomechanical factors. The NCAA has reported that 75 percent of anterior cruciate ligament injuries are non-contact in competitive jumping or pivoting sports. In this study, the effects of the menstrual cycle on neuromuscular performance were investigated. Fifteen healthy females with regular menstrual cycles completed the various tests of this study for three phases of the menstrual cycle. All females were categorized as moderate or vigorous exercisers from an activity questionnaire. This study used a repeated measures experimental design; therefore, each participant served as her own control. The participants completed a series of two tests, including functional balance and fatigability.